研究生英语UNIT 学习.pptx
1Unit4 LoveandMarriage 第1页/共82页 ContentStartingoutReadingFocusReadingMorePracticalTranslationFocusedWritingFinalProject第2页/共82页Task1Workingroupstolistthepossiblerelationshipsanormalhumanbeingwillencounterinhislifetime.Alsolistthewordsandactivitiesrelatedtoacertainrelationship.StartingoutStartingoutTask1Task1第3页/共82页e.g.Friendship,work,peer,love,parental,marriageWordsforreference:Friendship:care,association友谊；伙伴,esteem尊重,empathy,friendliness,attachment依恋,affinity密切关系；姻亲关系,bond,harmony,intimacy,affection喜爱;goingtomovies,heart-to-heart率直的talk,playingsportstogetherStartingoutStartingoutTask1Task1第4页/共82页Work:co-worker,managers,teamleaders,businesstalk,businesslunch工作午餐,teamwork,promotionLove:affection,attraction,romanticdating,candlelitdinner,hug,kiss,courtship求爱；求婚Parental:unconditionallove,deepcareStartingoutStartingoutTask1Task1第5页/共82页SonsfeelingforhisfatherWorried,care,love,FathersfeelingforhissonLove,affectionFathersfeelingforhislatewife亡妻Love,memoryStartingoutStartingoutTask2Task2第6页/共82页Task3 Read the following paragraph and discuss with your partner what makes a happy marriage and why.TheBeatlessang,“Allyouneedislove.”Yourfriendsmighttellyou,“Goodcommunicationisallyoureallyneed.”Yourparentsadviseyou,“Thekeyistomarrysomeonewiththesamevalues.”Whatdoyouthinkisessentialfor对必不可少的ahappymarriage?StartingoutStartingoutTask3Task3第7页/共82页Love and Loving RelationshipsReadingFocusReadingFocus第8页/共82页 Global Understanding 2Detailed Information3Critical Thinking4Text andLanguage Points5ReadingFocusReadingFocusVocabulary in Action6Background Information1第9页/共82页ReadingFocusReadingFocus GlobalUnderstanding1(Paras.1-3)2(Paras.4-7)3(Paras.8-12)Loveisessentialforhumansurvival.Whatislove?Whatbringspeopletogether?TextExploration第10页/共82页Discuss in groups to identify the missing information.ReadingMoreGlobal UnderstandingPart I（1-3）Main idea:Love is essential for human survival.Arguments:A._ _B._ _C._ _Thefamilyistheearliestandmostimportantsourceofloveandemotionalsupport.Childrendeprivedoflovehavebeenknowntodevelopavarietyofproblems.Researchshowsthequalityofcareinfantsreceivedaffectshowtheylatergetalongwithfriends.第11页/共82页ReadingMoreGlobal UnderstandingPart ID._ _E._ _F._ _ _Loveforoneself,orself-love自爱；自恋,isalsoessentialforoursocialandemotionaldevelopment.Socialscientistsdescribeself-loveasimportantforself-esteem自尊；自负.Peoplewhodontlikethemselvesmaynotbeabletoreturnlovebutmayconstantlyseekloverelationshipstobolster支持；支撑theirownpoorself-images.第12页/共82页ReadingMoreGlobal UnderstandingPart II（4-7）Main idea:What is love?Arguments:A.Love is an _Supporting evidence:a._ _ b._ c._ _ _ d._ _elusive难懂的；易忘的conceptPeoplegiveavarietyofanswerswhenaskedwhatloveis.Lovehasmanydimensions规模；程度；范围，重要性.Itcanberomantic,exciting,obsessive着迷的,andirrational,platonic不切实际的,calming,altruistic利他的；无私心的,andsensible.Itvariesindegree等级andintensity强度andacrosssocialcontexts.第13页/共82页ReadingMoreGlobal UnderstandingPart IIB.Three elements are necessary for a love relationship:Supporting evidence:a._ b._ _ c._ _C._ _ _ Supporting evidence:_ _awillingnesstopleaseandaccommodate容纳theother.anacceptanceoftheotherpersonsfaultsandshortcomings.asmuchconcernaboutthelovedoneswelfare幸福，福利asonesown.Love,especiallylong-termlove,hasnothingincommon毫无共同点withtheimagesofloveorfrenzied疯狂的sexthatwegetfromHollywood,television,andromancenovels.“Real”loveisclosertowhatoneauthorcalled“stirring-the-oatmeal燕麦粥love”.第14页/共82页ReadingMoreGlobal UnderstandingPart III（8-12）Main idea:_Arguments:A._ _B._ _C._ _Whatbringspeopletogether?Andisthereapersonouttherethatoneismeantfor?Empiricalstudiesshowthatculturalnormsandvalues,notfate,bringpeopletogether.Criticismandapprovalteachuswhatisacceptableromanticbehaviorandwithwhom.Lust性欲；强烈的欲望anddesirearedifferentfromloveespeciallyromanticlove.第15页/共82页ReadingMoreGlobal UnderstandingPart IIID._ _ _E._ _ _Oneshouldnotconcludethatdesirealwaysculminatesinphysicalintimacyorthatdesireisthesameasromanticlove.Healthyloverelationships,whetherphysicalornot(suchasloveforfamilymembers),reflectabalanceofcaring,intimacy,andcommitment承诺.第16页/共82页Task 2Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the sentence from the text.(P105)Key:12345678910BABCDBCDCBReadingFocusReadingFocus DetailedInformation第17页/共82页CriticalThinkingReadingFocus第18页/共82页第19页/共82页Byintroducingthethemesof“Changes,ChoicesandConstraints”whenpresentingthebasicconcepts,theory,researchandstatisticsaboutmarriagesandfamilies,Benokraitisdiscusseshowcontemporarychanges infamiliesandtheirstructureimpactthechoicesstudentsactuallyhave,andhowsocietycanconstrain束缚theirmarriages,familiesandrelationships.Throughthisapproach,studentsarebetterabletounderstandwhattheresearchandstatisticsmeanfor themselves!第20页/共82页Seeingthattherewasaneedforatextthatreflectedtheissueslikeraceandethnicity种族划分,remarriageandstepfamilies再婚家庭,andsexuality,thatfacestudentsandtheirfamilies,ProfessorBenokraitiswroteMarriage and Familiesasawaytoshowstudentsboththechoicesandconstraintsthatfamiliesfaceinmodernsociety.第21页/共82页StepOneRead the following sentences from the text and decide whether you agree with the author.Work in groups to provide examples to support your opinions.1.Loveasbothanemotionandabehaviorisessentialforhumansurvival.2.Loveforoneself,orself-love,isalsoessentialforoursocialandemotionaldevelopment.3.Loveisanelusive难捉摸、难懂的concept.4.Lovehasmanydimensions.ReadingFocusCriticalThinking第22页/共82页StepTwoDiscuss in groups the following questions.1.Whatdoyouthinkistheidealrelationship?2.Whatisessentialforalong-termrelationship?3.Peoplesayitsdifficulttomaintainlong-termrelationshipnowadays.Doyouagreeandwhy?ReadingFocusCriticalThinking第23页/共82页Reading FocusThefollowingtextisextractedfromMarriagesandFamiliesbyNijoleV.Benokraitis.ThebookhasbeenusedasatextbookforsociologycoursesandwomensstudiesinanumberofuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.Ithighlights突出，强调importantcontemporarychangesinsocietyandthefamily第24页/共82页andexploresthechoicesthatareavailabletofamilymembers,aswellastheconstraintsthatmanyofusdonotrecognize.ItexaminesthediversityofAmericanfamiliestoday,usingcross-culturalandmulticultural多种文化的comparisonstoencouragecreativethinkingaboutthemanycriticalissues关键问题；重要的问题thatconfrontthefamilyofthetwenty-firstcentury.第25页/共82页LOVE AND LOVING RELATIONSHIPS1.Loveasbothanemotionandabehaviorisessentialforhuman survival.The family is usually our earliest and mostimportant source of love and emotional support.Babies andchildren deprived of love have been known to develop a widevarietyofproblems-forexample,第26页/共82页depression,headaches,physiologicalimpairments,andneurotic and psychosomatic difficulties-that sometimes last alifetime.In contrast,infants who are loved and cuddledtypically gain more weight,cry less,and smile more.By fiveyearsofage,theyhavebeenfoundtohavesignificantlyhigherIQsandtoscorehigheronlanguagetests.第27页/共82页2.Much research shows that the quality of care infants receiveaffectshowtheylatergetalongwithfriends,howwelltheydoin school,how they react to new and possibly stressfulsituations,andhowtheyformandmaintainlovingrelationshipsasadults.第28页/共82页Itisforthesereasonsthatpeoplesearlyintimaterelationshipswithin their family of origin1 are so critical.Children who areraised in impersonal environments(orphanage,some fosterhomes,or unloving families)show emotional and socialunderdevelopment,languageandmotorskillsretardation,andmentalhealthproblems.第29页/共82页3.Love for oneself,or self-love,is also essential for our socialand emotional development.Actress Mae West once said,Inever loved another personthe way I loved myself.Althoughsuch a statement may seem self-centered,its actually quiteinsightful Social scientists describe self-love as an importantoasis for self-esteem.Among other things,people who likethemselves are more open to criticism and less demanding ofothers.第30页/共82页Fromm(1956)saw self-love as a necessary prerequisite forloving others.People who dont like themselves may not beable to return love but may constancy seek love relationshipsto bolster their own poor self-images.But just what is love?Whatbringspeopletogether?第31页/共82页4.Loveisanelusiveconcept.Wehaveallexperiencedloveandfeel we know what it is;however,when asked what love is,peoplegiveavariety ofanswers.Accordingtoanine-year-oldboy,forexample,Loveislikeanavalanchewhereyouhavetorunforyour life.Whatwe mean bylovedepends onwhetherwe are talking about love for family members,friends,orlovers.Love has been a source of inspiration,wry witticisms,andevenpoliticalactionformanycenturies.第32页/共82页5.Love has many dimensions.It can be romantic,exciting,obsessive,and irrational-It can also be platonic,calming,altruistic,andsensible?Manyresearchers feelthatlovedefiesa single definition because it varies in degree and intensityand across social contexts.At the very least,three elementsarenecessaryforalovingrelationship:第33页/共82页(1)awillingnesstopleaseandaccommodatetheotherperson,evenifthisinvolvescompromiseandsacrifice;(2)anacceptanceoftheotherpersons faultsandshortcomings;and(3)as much concern about the loved ones welfare as onesown.And,peoplewhosaytheyareinlove emphasizecaring,intimacy,andcommitment.第34页/共82页6.In any type of love,caring about the other person isessential.Although love may,involve passionate yearning,respect is a more important quality.Respect is inherent固有的，内在的in all love:“I want the loved person to growandunfold发展forhisownsake,andinhisownways,andnotforthepurposeofservingme.第35页/共82页Ifrespect andcaringare missing,the relationship isnotbased onlove.Instead,itisanunhealthy or possessive dependency that limits the lovers social,emotional,andintellectualgrowth.第36页/共82页7.Love,especially long-term love,has nothing in common withthe images of love or.frenzied sex that we get fromHollywood,television,and romance novels.Because of theseimages,many people believe a variety of myths about love.These misconceptions often lead to unrealistic expectations,stereotypes,anddisillusionment.第37页/共82页Infact,realloveisclosertowhatoneauthorcalledstirring-the-oatmeal love(Johnson 1985).This type of love is neitherexcitingnorthrillingbutisrelativelymundaneandunromantic.Itmeanspayingbills,puttingoutthegarbage,scrubbingtoiletbowls,being up all night with a sick baby,and performingmyriadother“oatmeal”tasksthatarenotverysexy.第38页/共82页8.Some partners take turns stirring the oatmeal.Other peopleseek relationships that offer candlelit gourmet meals in aromantic setting.Whether we decide to enter a seriousrelationshipornot,whattypeoflovebringspeopletogether?第39页/共82页9.What attracts individuals to each other in the first place?Manypeoplebelievethat“theres onepersonouttherethatone is meant for”and that destiny will bring them together.Such beliefs are romantic but unrealistic.Empirical(经验的)studies show that cultural norms and values,not fate,bringpeopletogether.第40页/共82页We will never meet millions of potential lovers because they are“filtered out”byformalorinformalrulesonpartnereligibility(适任，合格)duetofactorssuchasage,race,distance,socialclass,religion,sexualorientation,health,orphysicalappearance.第41页/共82页10.Beginning in childhood,parents encourage or limit futureromantic liaisons by selecting certain neighborhoods andschools.In early adolescence,peer norms influence theadolescentsdecisionsaboutacceptableromanticinvolvements(You want to date who?!).Even during the preteen years,romantic experiences are cultured in the sense that societalandgrouppracticesandexpectationsshaperomanticexperience.第42页/共82页Although romance may cross cultural or ethnic borders,criticism and approval teach us what is acceptable romanticbehavior and with whom.One might lust for someone,butthese yearnings will not lead most of us to fall in love iftherearestrongculturalorgroupbans.第43页/共82页11.ReganandBerscheid(1999)differentiate between lust,desire,andromantic love.They describe lust asprimarilyphysicalratherthanemotional,a condition that may be conscious orunconscious.Desire,in contrast,is apsychological in which one wants arelationshipthatonedoesntnowhave,or to engage in an activity inwhich one is not presently engaged.Desiremayormaynotleadtoromanticlove(which the authors equate withpassionateorerotic性爱的love).第44页/共82页Regan and Berscheid suggest that desire is an essentialingredient for initiating and maintaining romantic love.Ifdesiredisappears,a person is no longer said to be in a state ofromanticlove.Oncedesirediminishes,disappointedloversmaywonderwherethesparkin their relationship has gone and may reminisce regretfully(andlongingly)aboutthegoodolddays.第45页/共82页12.One should not conclude,however,that desire alwaysculminates in physical intimacy or that desire is the same asromantic love.Married partners may love each other eventhoughtheyrarely,ornever,engageinphysicalintimacy.第46页/共82页Inaddition,therearesomenotabledifferencesbetweenlove-especiallylong-termlove-andromanticlove.Healthylovingrelationships,whetherphysicalornot(suchasloveforfamilymembers),reflectabalanceofcaring,intimacy,andcommitment.第47页/共82页1.Babiesandchildrendeprivedoflovehaveknowntodevelopawidevarietyofproblemforexample,depression,headaches,physiologicalimpairments,andneuroticandpsychosomaticdifficultiesthatsometimeslastalifetime.(Para.1)ReadingFocusReadingFocus LanguagePoint deprivedof:剥夺；使丧失e.g.Hewasdeprivedofhisrightstoeducation.Moretolearn第48页/共82页impairment:thefactthatapartofyourbodyisunabletodosomethingfully（身体机能的）受损 e.g.ahearingimpairment听力受损neurotic:extremelyworriedaboutsomethinginanunreasonableway极端焦虑的；神经质的psychosomatic:oforrelatingtoaphysicaldisorderorillnessthatiscausedorseemstobeinfluencedbyemotionalfactors（疾病）由身心失调引起的；由精神压力引起的第49页/共82页2.Amongotherthings,peoplewholikethemselvesaremoreopentocriticismandlessdemandingofothers.(Para.3)ReadingFocusReadingFocus LanguagePoint amongotherthings:除了别的以外，此外e.g.1)Shesverykeenon喜爱sport:amongotherthings,sheplaystennistwiceaweek.demanding:(指人)对他人要求高的,苛求的e.g.Childrenaresodemanding:theyneedconstantattention.第50页/共82页3.Lovehasmanydimensions.(Para.5)dimension:anaspectofasituationthatinfluencesthewaythatyouthinkaboutthesituation方面；部分；规模；程度；范围 e.g.1)Thereisadimensiontotheproblemthatwehavenotdiscussed.2)Thereisapoliticaldimensiontotheaccusations控告，指控.ReadingFocusReadingFocus LanguagePoint 第51页/共82页4.Althoughlovemayinvolvepassionateyearning,respectisamoreimportantquality.(Para.6)ReadingFocusReadingFocus LanguagePoint yearning:n.astrongdesireorfeelingofwantingsomething向往，思慕，渴望e.g.1)Hehadadeepyearningtoreturntohishometown.2)IsupposeitsbecauseIliveinacrowdedcitythatIhavethisyearningforopenspaces空地；露天场所.第52页/共82页5.Evenduringthepreteenyears,romanticexperiencesareculturedinthesensethatsocietalandgrouppracticesandexpectationsshaperomanticexperience.(Para.10)preteen:of,relatingto,characteristicof,ordesignedforpreteens13岁以下儿童的，接近青春期的 e.g.preteenfashions青春期前儿童时装societal:relatingtoaparticularsociety,orthewaysocietyisorganized社会的 e.g.societalchanges社会变革societalforces社会势力ReadingFocusReadingFocus LanguagePoint 第53页/共82页6.ReganandBerscheid(1999)differentiatebetweenlust,desire,andromanticlove.(Para.11)differentiate:toseeorshowadiff
