背景 unitone.ppt

Unit One一、一、Author二、二、Proxemics三、三、Americanmiddleclass四、四、Publicschool五、五、ThemapofAmerican陈磊陈磊成庆成庆丁律丁律张婷张婷Edward T.HallAnAmericananthropologisttheconceptofProxemicsafoundingfatherofinterculturalcommunication The Silent Language(1959)The Hidden Dimension(1966)Books interculturalcommunicationHighcontextcultureLowcontextcultureHighcontextcultureLessverballyexplicitindirectlesswritten/formalinformation Itisdifficulttoattendinifyouareaoutsider.Low context culturepublic,external,accessible Separation-oftimeofspaceofactivitiesofrelationships JapaneseChineseKoreanAfricanAmericaNativeAmericaArabGreekLatinItalianEnglishFrenchAmericanScandinavianGermanGermanSwissHigh context cultureLow context cultureInhighcontextcultures,behavioralrulesareimplicit;inotherwords,thecontextissupposedtogiveyouthecuesyouneedtobehaveappropriately.Inthesecultures,memberstendtouseamoreindirectstyleofcommunication.Inlowcontextcultures,informationispartofandconveyedthroughtheverbalcontentofthecommunication.Therulesandexpectationsareexplainedanddiscussed;individualstendtopreferamoredirectcommunicationstyle.MicrowaveUsers:Pleasecleanupafteryourself.Thankyou!LowcontextcultureInfluenceOneofthemostwidelysoughtaftertopicsofanthropologyisanideathatwasfirstintroducedbyEdwardHallAnthropologyofSpace，whichhasessentiallyopenedthedoortodozensofnewtopics.Hallalsodidsubstantialresearchoninterculturalcommunication.Forexample,HallbasedalargeamountofhisresearchonthecultureandhowtheyinteractinaHighcontextcultureasopposedtoaLowcontextcultureusedinthe UnitedStates.ConclusionEdwardT.HallAnthropologistProxemicsHighandLowcontextculture空间关系学ProxemicsThe presenter Edward T.Hall The cultural anthropologist who coined the term in 1963,emphasized the impact of proxemic behavior(the use of space)on interpersonal communication.From Wikipedia,the free encyclopediaanthropologist,nrpldst n.人类学家；人类学者What is Proxemics?空间关系学是人类学的一个分支，研究空间利用及支配空间利用的规则。空间关系学是人们如何运用空间进行交流，而领土则描述了我们如何坚持要求某一区域。Proxemics is a subcategory of the study of nonverbal communication along with haptics(touch),kinesics(body movement),vocalics(paralanguage),and chronemics(structure of time).Proxemics can be defined as the interrelated observations and theories of mans use of space as a specialized elaboration of culture”.hapticshptiks n.触觉论，触觉学kinesics 英英knisks;ka-n.人体动作学；举止神态学vocalics vuklik 元音的；似元音的；与元音有关的由元音构成的；含元音的；有元音特点的 2011年11月2日，美国安全化妆品运动联盟表示，强生婴儿洗发水中含有可致癌的二恶烷以及季铵盐15。美国、中国、加拿大等5国市场所售产品中仍含有该物质。10月份，奢侈品品牌Gucci被指在华用工双重标准，并爆发“虐工门”，让这个一向在中国口碑不错的奢侈品企业，一夜之间成了千夫所指的“血汗工厂”。PROXEMICS COMES IN TWO FLAVORSPhysical space,such as why desks face the front of a classroom rather than towards a center isle.Personal space that we carry with us,the bubble of space that you keep between yourself and the person ahead of you in a line.Diagram of Edward T.Halls personal reaction bubbles(1966),showing radius in feet.Forms of human space in proxemic theoryThere are four forms of human space in proxemic theory.Public spacea place where one may freely enter Social space -a place where people congregate informallyPersonal spacea place where people claim their individual territory 私人距离私人距离私人距离一般在45-120 厘米之间，表现为伸手可以握到对方的手，但不易接触到对方身体，这一距离对讨论个人问题是很合适的，一般的朋友交谈多采用这一距离。Intimate space the space immediately surrounding us 亲亲密密距距离离亲密距离在45 厘米以内，属于私下情境。多用于情侣，也可以用于父母与子女之间或知心朋友间。两位成年男子一般不采用此距离，但两位女性知己间往往喜欢以这种距离交往。亲密距离属于很敏感的领域，交往时要特别注意不能轻易采用这种距离。These different levels of territory,in addition to factors involving personal space,suggest ways for us to communicate and produce expectations of appropriate behavior.ENDSPersonal spaceSocial spaceConclusion Conclusion Proxemics Public spaceIntimate space What class do they belong to?AmericanmiddleclassMostAmericansconsiderthemselvesmiddleclass.AmbiguousIncomelevelsalonedonotdefinethemiddleclass.“Middleclassisacombinationofvalues,expectationsandaspirations,aswellasincomelevels.Themiddleclassmayconstituteanywherefrom25%to66%ofhouseholds.lower middle class（semi-professionals：lower managers and craftspeople）upper middle class(professionals：conceptualize,create,consult and supervise.)professional classDivisionsmiddle classClass Typical characteristics Upperclass(1%)Top-levelexecutives,celebrities,heirs;incomeof$500,000+common.Ivyleagueeducationcommon.Uppermiddleclass15%Highly-educated(oftenwithgraduatedegrees)professionals&managerswithhouseholdincomesvaryingfromthehigh5-figurerangetocommonlyabove$100,000.Lowermiddleclass32%Semi-professionalsandcraftsmanwithsomeworkautonomy;householdincomescommonlyrangefrom$35,000to$75,000.Typically,somecollegeeducation.Workingclass32%Clerical,pink-andblue-collarworkerswithoftenlowjobsecurity;commonhouseholdincomesrangefrom$16,000to$30,000.Highschooleducation.Lowerclass(14%-20%)Thosewhooccupypoorly-paidpositionsorrelyongovernmenttransfers.Somehighschooleducation.The Living Standards Have a house with two to four rooms(payment by installments)Two cars,and changed in three years(If their child are more than 18 years old,it is likely to buy a used car for them)Have two or three kids and one or two petsThey eat and drink at average priceTheir dress is not expensive,most are made in ChinaTheir electronic products most are made in Korea and Japan,but they are much cheaper than in Korea and Japan the cost of college the cost of health care the cost of a house it is harder to attain a middle class lifestyle now than it was in the recent pastThe crisis of American middle-class The battle of Waterloo was won on the playing fields of Eton.Duke of WellingtonQ:what is Eton?Do you know something about Eton?Public school misleading message Stereotype funds government-funded tuition free/cheap recruit nationalrecruitment/local truthdonationexpensivenobleman/the rich Britain State schoolPrivate schoolPublic schoolgovernment-fundedUSPublic school90%studentsPrivate schoolgovernment-fundedWinchester College(1382)publicthey are open to any member of the public,distinguished from religious schools which are open only to members of that religion Eton College(1440)offer a free education place for poor families Eton College Henry VIOnly for elite boysThe chief nurse of Englands statesmenBlack tailcoatWhite shirtBlack waistcoatPantsLeather shoes2,000-3,000poundsTuition fee 20,000pounds24.7%34%ChurchillHarrow SchoolPoetEconomist Eton CollegeShelleyKeynesCameron20 Prime MinistersRobert Anthony EdenHarold MacmillanByronKey words Public schoolHigh tuitionNoble schooltalentsOxford/Cambridge university