高三英语语法总复习-动词不定式.ppt

不定式运用口诀不定式运用口诀 本领最多不定式，本领最多不定式，主、表、宾、补、定和状。主、表、宾、补、定和状。样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢。样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢。大家千万要当心，大家千万要当心，有时它把句型改有时它把句型改，作主宾时用作主宾时用“it”,自己在后把身藏。自己在后把身藏。七个感官三使役，七个感官三使役，宾补要把宾补要把to甩开甩开；疑问词后接上它，疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当宾语从句可充当；逻辑主语不定式，逻辑主语不定式，不定式前不定式前for sb.;to前前not是否定是否定，各种用法区别开。各种用法区别开。TheInfinitivesubjectobjectpredictiveattributeadverbialcomplementTodothatsortofthingisfoolish.Itisfoolishtodothatsortofthing.Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.Allyouhavetodois(to)finishitquicklyWefoundahousetolivein.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.Thepatientwaswarnednottoeatoilyfoodaftertheoperation.Heliftedastoneonlytodropitonhisownfeet.Theyjumpedwithjoytohearthenews.It seems to be very happy.It appears to be very angry.（2）Infinitive as Predictive(表语表语)(Predictive)(Predictive)SheHeTheyseemsappearsseemed/appeareddoesnt/dontseemdidnotappeartobeverycalm/well-known.tobeveryhappy/likeworkinghere.totakegreatprideinhis/her/theirwork.tohavealotofrelations.toenvythekingswealth.Make sentences from the table:3.object(宾语宾语):一些动词要用不定式作宾语一些动词要用不定式作宾语,常见的动词有常见的动词有want,hope,wish,ask,choose,decide,expect,manage,offer,promise,refuse,seek,try,pretend,learn,afford,need等。等。He hoped/wished/expected to go abroad.He promised to buy me a computer.一些动词要用一些动词要用wh-疑问词疑问词+不定式作宾语，常见的动词有不定式作宾语，常见的动词有decide,know,learn,wonder,understand,find out,remember,see等等 what to do.how to do it.I dont know who(m)to ask/invite.when to stop where to go.不定式一般不能作介词的宾语，只有在极少数介词如：but,except等后才行，此时不定式可带to或不带to.Wehavenochoicebuttowaitoutside.Theycoulddonothingbutaskforhelp.4.不定式短语不定式短语作宾语补足语作宾语补足语例：例：The teacher asked me to do it again.老师叫我再做一次。老师叫我再做一次。不定式短语不定式短语to do it作宾语作宾语me的补足语。的补足语。I will invite himtoplayandhavedinnerwithme.(宾补）Infinitive as Object Complement(Object complement)Rewrite the sentences,using the words given to you.1.“Whydontyouplaytheroleofqueenintheplay?”I encouraged her2.“Dontforgettowearyourgloves.Itsfreezing.”I reminded her3.“Youcanttaketheboxoftreasureaway.”I did not allow her4.“Whycanttheysingsomewell-knownsongs?”Id prefer them5.“Doyouwanttounderstandthepoem?Illhelpyou.”.I helped himto play the role of queen in the play.to wear her gloves as it was freezing.to take the box of treasure away to sing some well-known songs(to)understand the poem.The Infinitive as object Complement英英语语中中有有些些及及物物动动词词要要跟跟复复合合宾宾语语(宾宾+宾宾补补),如如 allow,encourage,expect,help,prefer等带不定式作宾补等带不定式作宾补.e.g.Your parents dont allow you to play the computer Teachers encouraged students to speak in English.12Tohelpeachotherisgood.Itisgoodtohelpeachother.互相帮助是好的。例例1：To help each other is good.It is good to help each other.互相帮助是好的。互相帮助是好的。例例2：I find it difficult to understand him.我发现了解他很困难。我发现了解他很困难。不定式短语不定式短语to understand him作真正宾语作真正宾语,it是是形式宾语。形式宾语。HefounditimportanttostudyRussian.Thecomputermakesitpossibletocalculatefaster.不定式在七个感官动词不定式在七个感官动词see,hear,feel,watch,find,notice,listen to,三个使役动词三个使役动词let,have,make等后作宾补时等后作宾补时,to要省略。如要省略。如例例1：Now,let me go.（go前省掉了前省掉了to）例例2：I saw her run into the classroom.（run前的前的to省掉了）省掉了）比较比较She was seen to run into the classroom.例例1.The farmers didnt know what to do.The farmers didnt know what they should do.例例2.Please tell me how to get to the zoo.Please tell me how I can get to the zoo.adverbial(状语状语):(1)表示目的【(not)to/(not)inorderto/soas(not)to】Weeattoliveanddontlivetoeat.(2)表示结果(so/suchasto.,enoughto,tooto,onlyto他这么傻竟相信了这事。Hewassofoolishastobelieveit.Hewasfoolishenoughtobelieveit.Heistooyoungtojointhearmy.另外only常用在不定式的前面,表示出人意料的结果,如:Wearrivedthereonlytofindthetraingone.Hereturnedhomeonlytofindhishousebrokeninto.不定式中作结果状语的注意点：不定式中作结果状语的注意点：1）某些形容词在“tooto”结构中表示肯定，这类词是：anxious,eager,glad,ready,surprised,willingShewastoosurprisedtoseehowangryherfatherwas.2）在not,never,only,all,but等后的”tooto”结构中，”too”的含义为”very”，不定式没有否定含义。Imonlytoogladtostayathome.Itsnevertoooldtolearn.(3)表示原因表示原因v(a)不定式也可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语不定式也可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语,说明产生这种情况的原因说明产生这种情况的原因,常见的形容词有常见的形容词有:sorry,surprised,happy,glad,eager,angry,foolish,right,wrong,slow,quick,rude,cruel,disappointed等。等。Imglad/pleasedtoseeyou.Weweresurprisedtohearthenews.6.不定式短语不定式短语作定语作定语例例1：Is this the best way to help him?这是帮他的最好办法吗？这是帮他的最好办法吗？不定式短语不定式短语to help him作作way的后置定语。的后置定语。例例2:He is the man to depend on.他是可以依靠的人。他是可以依靠的人。不定式短语不定式短语to depend on作作man的后置定语。的后置定语。注意注意:不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有 动宾关系动宾关系;如果不定式是不及物动词如果不定式是不及物动词,则后面需有适当的介词。则后面需有适当的介词。attribute(定语定语):不定式及其短语作定语不定式及其短语作定语只能放在名词的后面只能放在名词的后面,以下名词和句型常用不定式作定语以下名词和句型常用不定式作定语,如如:chance,way,opportunity,time,the first,the last,the second,the only等词后等词后,在在have to do和和there be句型中。句型中。e.g.没有人可以照看他没有人可以照看他.There is no one to take care of her.只有五种式样可供选择只有五种式样可供选择.There are only five pairs to choose from.v不定式在以下形容词后不定式在以下形容词后:easy,difficult,hard,heavy,light,cheap,expensive,good,nice,safe,dangerous,important,interesting,pleasant,(im)possible,fun等。等。This question is difficult _(answer).Do you think him easy_(work)with?v这时用主动形式表被动意思。It is beautiful music to enjoy.(定语)Infinitive as Attribute(Attribute)Combine these sentences1.Shethoughtofthisideafirst.(Shewasthefirstperson)2.Weneedtoweightheflesh.(Letsfindsomething)3.Isthereanythingyouwishtosay?(Whatdoyouhave)4.Thatwillbetheonlythingwehavetodonow.(Thatwillbetheonlything)She was the first person to think of the ideaLets find something to weigh the flesh.What do you have to say?That will be the only thing to do.不定式的逻辑主语，在不定式前加不定式的逻辑主语，在不定式前加for(of)sb.，如：，如：例例1.It is important for us to study English.例例2.It is nice of you to help me.不定式的否定形式只要在不定式的否定形式只要在to前加前加not。如：。如：例例1.Ill try not to be late.例例2.Tell him not to make any noise.不定式作独立成分。不定式作独立成分。Totell(you)thetruth,hedoesntagreewithyou.Tobeginwith,Beijingisaverybeautifulcity.1.Weweresurprisedtohearthenews.2.2.Wehavetogetupearlytocatchthefirsttrain.3.3.Heisconsideredtobeagreatscientist.4.4.Toseeistobelieve.5.Ihavealotofwordstosay.6.Itsimpossibleforhimtogoalone.7.Shepromisedtomakenomistakesatall.8.Ifinditdifficulttounderstandhim.9.Tocatchthetrain,wedbetterhurrytothestationbytaxi.The tense and voice of the infinitive1.I want to tell him about it.2.I want to be told about it.5.She seems to have known the truth.(Active Voice)(Passive Voice)(Indefinite Tense)(Perfect tense)4.She seems to be sleeping(Continuous tense)3.She seems to be sleepy语态时态主动语态被动语态一般时(not)todo(not)tobedone进行时(not)tobedoing无完成时(not)tohavedone(not)tohavebeendone The tense and voice of the infinitive动词不定式省略动词不定式省略to 的情况归纳的情况归纳*1 当动词不定式作宾语补足语时，如动词是当动词不定式作宾语补足语时，如动词是 make,let,have 或或 look at,see,watch,observe,hear,listen to,feel、等，不定式不带、等，不定式不带to.*2.在下列结构后在下列结构后 had better,would rather,would ratherthan,cannot but（不得不（不得不，必然，不能不），必然，不能不）,cant help but 等等*3.Why.或或 why not 表建议表建议*4.在介词在介词 but,except 之后，如果其前有之后，如果其前有 实义动词实义动词do 的某种形式，不定式不带的某种形式，不定式不带to,反之须带反之须带to.*5 不定时作表语时，如果解释不定时作表语时，如果解释do的具体内容时，的具体内容时，to可以省去。可以省去。*6 动词动词help或或help+宾语之后，可用带宾语之后，可用带to的不定式，的不定式，也可用不带也可用不带to的不定式，但在的不定式，但在help+宾语宾语+不定式结不定式结构中，如果用不带构中，如果用不带to的不定式，表示主语参与了不的不定式，表示主语参与了不定式所表示的动作；如果用带定式所表示的动作；如果用带to的不定式，表示主的不定式，表示主语没有参与不定时所表示的动作。语没有参与不定时所表示的动作。1.Did you notice anyone come in?2.I must apologize for not letting you know ahead of time.*3.Though he had often made his little sister cry,today he was made to cry by his sister.4.I cannot but agree.5.I cant help but feel sorry for Tom.6.Why not have a try again?7.Why spend so much money?8.Then it has no choice but to lie down and sleep.9.There is nothing to do except wait till it stops raining.10.The first thing she did was go up to her trainer and thank for all her help during the training.11.Will you help me(to)repair this bike?1.He asked me to help him repair his radio,but I dont know _.A.to do it B.how to C.what to do it D.how to doB.2.His voice made me _ terrible.C.To feel B.feel C.feels D.feltD.3.My parents told me _ people when they are in trouble.E.never laugh at B.not to laugh at C.dont laugh at D.not laugh atD.4.Its bad manners _ rude to people.A.to be B.are C.be D.to beingB.5.Its interesting _ us to take part in the games.C.A.of B.to C.for D.at6.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_ it more difficult.A not make B not to make C not making D do not make7.Ive worked with children before,so I know what _ in my new job.A.expected B.to expect C to be expecting D expects8.Paul doesnt have to be made _.He always works hard.A.learn B.to learn C.learned D.learning9.I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A.to go B.to have gone C.going D.having gonetell,discuss,know,show,learn,decide,wonder,explain10.Do let your mother know all the truth.She appears _everything.(2001年上海）年上海）A.to tell B.to be told B.C.to be telling D.to have been told11.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains _whether they will enjoy it.(NMET 2002)A.to see B.to be seen C.seeing D.seen 12.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_thefirstcomputer.(MET1993)A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented13.Allenhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwas_tocarryallthewayhome.(MET2003)A.muchtooheavyB.toomuchheavyC.heavytoomuchD.tooheavymuch14.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.(MET95)A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto15.LittleJimshouldlove_tothetheatrethisevening.(MET92)A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking16.Therearefivepairs_,butImatalosswhichtobuy.(1999上海高考上海高考)A.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochooseD.forchoosing17._lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.(2001年北京春季高考年北京春季高考)A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingsleep 18.Withalotofdifficultproblems_,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.(2002年上海春季高考年上海春季高考)A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled19.Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasarole_inmakingtheearthabetterplacetolive.(2003上海春季高考上海春季高考)A.tohaveplayedB.toplayC.tobeplayedD.tobeplaying20.Inordertogainabiggershareintheinternationalmarket,manystateruncompaniesaretrying_theirproductsmorecompetitive.(2002上海春季高考上海春季高考)A.tomakeB.makingC.tohavemadeD.havingmade1._is a good of exercise for both the young and 2.the old.A.The walk B.Walking C.To walk D.Walk2.When and where to build the new power station _ yet.A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided3.Is_necessary to change trains at Beijing?A.this B.that C.itD.he4.Our father often told us in the past that _is believing.A.to see B.seeing C.see D.to be seen5.She pretended_the letter I wrote yesterday.A.not to receive B.not receiving C.not to hear from D.having not received6.Icantimagine_thatwithsuchafamousauthor.A.workB.toworkC.tobeworkingD.working7.Shereachedthetopofthehillandstopped_onabigrockbythesideofthepath.A.tohaverestedB.restingC.torestD.rest8.Doyouconsider_anygoodattemptingmanyscientificexperiments?A.thereB.itC.thisD.that9.Imthirsty.Wouldyoupleasegivemesomething_.A.drunkB.todrinkC.tobedrunD.fordrinking10.Mrs.Smith warned her husband_after drinking again and again.A.never to drive B.to never drive C.never driving D.never rive11.They knew her very well.They had seen her_up from childhood.A.grow B.grew C.was growing D.to grow12.Believe it or not,he was seen_upstairs just now.A.to go B.to going C.having gone D.go13.It was so cold that they kept the fire _all night.A.to burn B.burn C.burning D.burned14.To master a foreign language,_.A.a lot of practice is needed B.it needs a lot of practice C.practice is in need of D.one needs a lot of practice15.Little Jim should love _to the theatre this evening.A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking16.What do you think of the book?Oh,excellent.Its worth _a second time.A.to read B.to be read C.reading D.being read17.The library needs _,but itll have to wait until Sunday.A.cleaning B.be cleaned C.clean D.being cleaned