英语时态语法专题讲解.pptx
Formation of the singular verbSingular verbs share the formation of the plural noun.(1)Generally,verbs take the singular ending“-s”,which is pronounced as s after voiceless consonants,and as z after voiced consonants and vowels.sleep-sleeps,blow-blows第1页/共32页(2)Verbs ending in“s,x,z,sh,ch”take the singular ending“es”,which is pronounced as iz.kiss-kisses,watch-watches,brush-brushes(3)Verbs ending in“f”or“fe”form their singular by changing“f”or“fe”into“ves”.He often knives passers-by.(4)Verbs ending in“y”preceded by a consonant letter form their singular by changing“y”into“ies”.fly-fliesExceptions:have-has,go-goes,do-does第2页/共32页The Present Indefinite Tense1)表示习惯性动作、普遍真理、客观事实。He often goes to school at seven in the morning.The earth truns round the sun.China is in the east of Asia.第3页/共32页2)用于剧本、电影、比赛的解说或评论。(Mrs.Peters takes off her tippet,goes to hang it on the hook)-from Trifles3)表示“能力、性格、性情”。She speaks a very fluent English.He likes watching TV.He stands very firm on this matter.4)表示主语的“身份、特征、状态”等。He is a worker.Mary is very beautiful.He is still living.第4页/共32页5)用在时间、条件、方式、让步等状语从句中代替一般将来时。It it rains tomorrow,the sports meeting will be pu off till next week.When I go there tomorrow,I shall take mary with me.Ill do as my father says.6)代替一般过去时叙述过去的时间，以求获得生动的效果，这种语法现象叫“历史现在时”。Mary alone walks in the street,looks cautiously about,but sees no one around.Suddenly she feels a big hand rest on her left shoulder.第5页/共32页Formation of the past form and the past participle of regular verbs.(1)Generally verbs form their past form and past participle by taking the ending“ed”.laugh-laughed-laughed(2)Verbs ending in“e”form their past form and past participle by taking only“d”.live-lived-lived,die-died-died第6页/共32页(3)If a monosyllabic verb(or a verb with its last syllable closed and stressed)ends in a single consonant letter preceded by a single vowel,the final consonant letter should be doubled before taking“ed”regret-regretted-regretted(4)the past form and the past participle of irregular verbs require memorizing.cut-cut-cut,go-went-gone,come-came-come,run-ran-run,buy-bought-bought,win-wan-won,第7页/共32页The Past Indefinite Tense1)表示过去某时刻或某段时间内完成的动作。He ran a teahouse at the roadside last year.He arrived here at three in the afternoon.2)指过去的习惯性动作。He usually went swimming in winter when he was young.3)表示前后紧接发生的一系列动作。Early in the morning,he dressed himself,washed his face and hurried to school.第8页/共32页4)表示主语过去的能力、身份、状态、特征。He was a worker three years ago.Mary was very beautiful when she was young.He did the job well last year.5)用在时间、条件、方式、让步等状语从句中代替过去一般将来时。He said that the sports meeting would bu put off till the next week if it rained the next day.6)指过去的情况。I didnt know you were a teacher.第9页/共32页The Future Indefinite Tense一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常发生的动作或状态，常与一些表示将来的时间状语（如tomorrow,next week,from now on,in the future等）连用。1)shall/will+do表示纯粹的将来(被动:shall/will+be done)I will visit the Great Wall as soon as I arrive in Beijing.I shall be twenty years old next year.第10页/共32页2)be going to do表示打算或很大可能性(被动:be going to be done)Im going to see my uncle tomorrow.She has just been caught in the rain,and she thinks that she is going to have a bad cold.3)be to do表示安排、决定、命令、可能(被动：be to be done)The sports meeting is to be held next week.This book is to be handed to Mike in person.Youre not to smoke here without permission.Such books are to be found in our library.第11页/共32页4)be about to do暗含“正要做某事”，指不远的将来动作即刻完成的动作。(被动：be about to be done)We are about to start on our journey,so I have no time to talk with you.注意:该结构不能与表示将来时间的状语连用5)come,go,leave,start,move,arrive,get die等动词的现在进行时可以表示将来，无被动语态。A:Mary,its time for lunch.B:Im coming.The family is moving to the south next year.第12页/共32页6)有些表示移动的动词如come,go,leave,start,move,arrive,get,die等，它们的一般现在时可以表示预定计划，无被动语态，多用于车站、码头、机场等表示时刻安排。The train bound to Beijing starts at 12:00.第13页/共32页The Past Future Tense过去将来时主要表示相对于过去某一时刻而言将要发生的动作或者存在的状况。第14页/共32页1)should/would+do 表示纯粹的将来（被动:should/would+be done）Mary said she would major in Chinese.He would sit for hours,looking up into the sky.2)was/were going to do 表示打算或者可能性（被动：was/were going to be done）Mary told me that there was going to be a test the next week.第15页/共32页3)was/were going to do 表示安排、决定、命令、可能（被动:was/were to be done）The teacher told us yeasterday that we were to finish the assignment before Friday.4)was/were about to do表示即刻完成的动作（被动：was/were about to be done）I was about to get into bed when I heard a knock at the door.第16页/共32页5)come,go,leave,start,move,arrive,get,die等动词的过去进行时可以表示将来，无被动形式。He said that he was arriving very soon.6)有些表示移动的动词如come,go,leave,start,move,arrive,get等，它们的一般过去时可以表示预定计划，无被动语态。He told me that the train arrived late.第17页/共32页Formation of the present participle of regular verbs(1)generally,verbs form their present participle by taking the ending“ing”.laugh-laughing(2)Verbs ending in“e”form their present participle by dropping“e”before taking“ing”.live-living(3)For verbs ending in“ie”,change“ie”into“y”before taking“ing”.lie-lying,die-dying第18页/共32页(4)if a monosyllabic verb(or a verb with its last syllable closed and stressed)ends in a single consonant letter preceded by a single vowel,the final consonant letter should be doubled before taking“ing”.regret-regretting第19页/共32页The Present Continuous Tense1)表示现在说话的时刻或现阶段正在进行的动作。I am reading Newsweek now.We are studying Book Two this semester.2)在时间、条件等状语从句中代替将来进行时。If Im sleeping at eight oclock tomorrow morning,wake me up,please.3)常用形式：be doing(被动：be being done)Look!What are they doing over there?第20页/共32页NOTE(1)指思想活动、感觉、知觉和感情的动词如think,know,believe,understand,remember,forget,love,hate,mind,see,hear,feel,taste,smell等一般没有进行时态，除非它们指说话时的具体动作或表示其他含义。I dont think you are right.Im thinking of visiting Guilin next weekend.The dish tastes good.He is tasting the dish.第21页/共32页(2)have/has指“拥有”时无进行时态。I have a book.Im having lunch.(3)be一般没有进行时态，但可以用它的进行时表示说话时的一种暂时状态。Mary is being nervous.(4)像always,forever之类的频度副词与进行时连用表示反复或习惯性的动作，含有感情色彩。Mary is always helping his classmates.His son is always talking in class.第22页/共32页The Past Continuous Tense过去进行时表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，常见的表示过去时间的状语有:last week,yesterday,as,when,while等。Predicate Verb Form:was/were+doing(被动:was/were+being done)I was watching TV at this time yeasterday evening.We were studying Book One last year.第23页/共32页NOTE像go,come,start,move,arrive,get等移动动词的进行时表示从过去某时看马上就要发生的动作。They were just coming to see me when I went to see them.第24页/共32页The Present Perfect Tense1)表示过去开始的动作或状态对现在的影响。I have opened the door.2)指过去的经历。She has never been to Hong Kong.3)表示动作虽然在过去完成，但该动作发生的时间还没结束。I have written three letters this morning.4)指过去开始的动作一直延续到说话时位置。He has lived here for eight years.常用结构:have/has+done(被动:have/has+been done)第25页/共32页NOTE(1)现在完成时用于时间、条件等状语从句中代替将来完成时。Do not get off the bus until it has stopped.If you have read this book,you will be able to answer this question.(2)现在完成时不能与任何表示过去时间的结构如ago,then,at that time,yesterday,last year,in 1999,at Christmas,on National Day连用。I have come here on National Day.I came here on National Day.第26页/共32页(3)come,go,leave,start,die,join,buy,borrow等非延续性动词的现在完成时不能与表示一段时间的状语如for three years,since I came here连用。He has come here for three days.He has been here for three days./It is three days since he came here./He came here three days ago.He has bought the pen for three years.He has had the pen for three years./He bought the pen three years ago./It is three years since he bought the pen.(4)have/has+been to去过have/has+gone to去了第27页/共32页The Past Perfect Tense过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或情况。Predicate Verb Form:had done(被动:had been done)The film had begun when I entered the cinema.We had learned more than 10000 words by the end of last semester.第28页/共32页NOTE在after,as soon as,before引导的状语从句中可以用一般过去时表示主句和从句中“前后紧接发生的动作”。He called on Mike as soon as he went there.He left the meeting-room after he closed the door.第29页/共32页The Future Perfect Tense 将来完成时主要表示将来某时之前已发生、完成或一直持续的动作。Predicate Verb Form:shall/will+have done(被动:shall/will+have been done)We shall have arrived there by two oclock tomorrow afternoon.The plane will have taken off by the time we get to the airport.第30页/共32页The Present Perfect Continuous Tense现在完成进行时是一种兼有现在完成时和现在进行时的基本特点的时态。它可以表示某一动作对现在产生的结果或影响，也可以表示某一动作的延续性、临时性、重复性、生动性乃至感情色彩。Predicated Verb Form:have/has+been doing 无被动语态The old lady has been living here since 1970.I have been telling you hundreds of times to be more careful in proofreading.第31页/共32页感谢您的观看！第32页/共32页
