雅思写作讲座新航道lesson-5.pptx

Taks I LinePie BarTableDiagram/flow chart/map IELTS WRITING第1页/共48页 把图表中的主要信息转化为文字信息，并且组织成文章。IELTS WRITING第2页/共48页2.评分标准（1）任务完成情况：趋势描写，数据支持，不要画蛇添足（2）关联词大量而准确地使用（连贯）（3）词汇（4）句子结构 TASK I第3页/共48页 把图表中的主要信息转化为文字信息，并且组织成文章。HOW?description compare contrast IELTS WRITING第4页/共48页首段首句Thisgraphshowstheofin.二句有可能有可能的话总结总体趋势中间段趋势描写，数据支持，有必要时写出最高点/最低点末段重申最重要的趋势 TASK I 第5页/共48页Number of full-time teachers of regular schools(in millions)in China(1960-1990).TASK I 第6页/共48页首段 首句graph-figure,line graphShow-indicate,unfold,display,reveal,reflect,relate,illustrate,provide an overview of第7页/共48页首段常用句型:1.The table/chart/diagram/graph shows(that).2.The figures/statistics show(that).3.The diagram shows/describes/illustrates how.4.According to/As(is)shown in the/As can be seen from the table/chart,diagram,graph,figures 5.It can be seen/observed from the/we can see from the 6.It is clear/apparent from the table/chart/diagram/graph/figures(that).首段 首句第8页/共48页Theabovefigureindicatestheamountoffull-timeteachersofregularschoolsinChinabetween1960and1990.首段 首句第9页/共48页 请写出本图的第一句话：Thisgraphshowsthenumberoffull-timeteachersofregularschoolsinChinaduring3decadesfrom1960to1990.首段 首句第10页/共48页首段 二句Number of full-time teachers of regular schools(in millions)in China(1960-1990).第11页/共48页首段 二句连接词：1.Accordingtothefigure,2.Itisclearthat,Itcanbe(clearly)seenthat,3.Fromitcanbe(safely)concludedthat4.Oneofthemostsurprising/interestingfindswas5.Comparewith第12页/共48页 如何表达总体趋势a).The overall trend/general trend(主语)+indicates+从句b).The overall trend/general trend(主语)+indicates+N.c).There be+an overall+某种趋势 第13页/共48页 It can be seen that there was an increasing trend from 1960 to 1990.However,there were some fluctuations in earlier years.首段 二句第14页/共48页首段 二句Itcanbeseenthattherewasanincreasingtrendfrom1960to1990.However,thereweresomefluctuationsinearlieryears.Accordingtothefigure,althoughthereweresomefluctuationsinearlieryears,thereexistsindeedanincreasingtrend.Theoveralltrendwastoindicatetheincreasinglygrowingnumber,althoughthereexistssomefluctuationsintheearlieryears.第15页/共48页 时态：首句一般现在时，其他一般过去时。*如果图表是对将来情况的预测，全部用一般现在时。首段 二句第16页/共48页主体段 Number of full-time teachers of regular schools(in millions)in China(1960-1990).第17页/共48页五种描述趋势的句式a)There be 句型:“变化名词”作主语+IN+被描述对象 e.g.There was an increase/decrease in the number of b)“描述对象”做主语 e.g.There were increasingly more teachers.c)纵坐标作主语(一般为被描述对象)+变化+其他 e.g.The number(percentage)of went up(went down)d)横坐标作主语(一般为时间)+“经历”+“变化”+IN 被描述对象+地点 *表示经历:saw/witnessed/experiencede)地点作主语+“经历”+“变化”+IN 被描述对象+时间第18页/共48页连接手段1.Then/fromthistimeonwards/fromthenonTherewasarise.Thenthenumberwentdown.2.After/beforeTherewasarise,beforethenumberwentdown.Afterarise,therewasadecrease,beforethenumberremainedstable.3.whichwasfollowedby/whichledto/whichprecededanincrease/decreaseTherewasarise,whichwasfollowedbyadecrease.第19页/共48页4.上一句最后时间词，when.Therewasariseinthenumberofteachersfrom_in_to_in_,whenthenumberwentdown.5.Again（第二次以后的上升/下降）Therewasarise.Again,thenumberwentdown.6.However.then.（上升和下降之间）Therewasarise.However,thenumberthenwentdown.其他关联词：类比、对比、句子衔接However/compareto/incontrast/similarly/conversely/whileSimilarly/likewiseAsto/intermof/asfor连接手段第20页/共48页数据的表达方式1.From 数据 in 年份 to 数据 in 年份2.Peak at 数据 bottom at 数据3.There were 数据4.Decrease to 数据/increase up to about 数据5.趋势 with 数据 6.Which was about 数据 第21页/共48页主体段分项描写信息：According to the figure,there was a sharp decrease in the number of teachers from five millions in 1960 to three millions in 1962,which was followed by a rapid increase over the next two years.The number dropped again from almost six millions in 1964 to five million in 1966 and then went up gradually until 1976 when there was a leveling off at eight millions for the next ten years.The years from 1986 to 1990 saw a steady rise in the number of teachers.第22页/共48页末段1.重述总体特征；In conclusion,more teachers were in Chinese regular schools in the 1990s than 30 years before.bar chart/table第23页/共48页不要进行主观描述不要分析原因不要找本质末段第24页/共48页 Complete ExampleThisgraphshowsthenumberoffull-timeteachersofregularschoolsinChinabetween1960and1990.It can be seen that there was an increasing trend from 1960 to 1990.However,there were some fluctuations in earlier years.According to the figure,there was a sharp decrease in the number of teachers from five million in 1960 to three million in 1962,which was followed by a rapid increase over the next two years.The number dropped again from almost six million in 1964 to five million in 1966 and then went up gradually until 1976 when there was a leveling off at eight million for the next ten years.The years from 1986 to 1990 saw a steady rise in the number of teachers.In conclusion,more teachers were in Chinese regular schools in the 1990s than 30 years before.第25页/共48页1.说明趋势：trend,momentum.2.描述增加、波动、减少和反转：gain,pick up,increase,rise,surge,jump,go up,decrease,fall,drop,decline,slow down；level off at/level out at;maintain,fluctuate,fluctuation,reverse TASK I 第26页/共48页3.描述变化程度：dramatically,suddenly,significantly,sharply,steeply,rapidly,moderately,gradually,steadily,slightly,slowly,4.表示高、底：peak at/of peaking at;reach the bottom/botttom out at 5.表示数据 一般：have 10%;at 10%;over 10%最高（低）点：peaked;reached a peak/high(point)bottomed out;reached the bottom TASK I 第27页/共48页6.表示程度：almost adv.几乎，差不多 nearly adv.几乎，密切地 approximately adv.近似的，大约 about adv.附近，大约，转向，左右，周围 just over 刚超过 over adv.结束，越过，从头到尾 exactly adv.正确地，严密地 precisely adv.正好 精确地；清晰地7.表示范围：fromto betweenand for to 多长时间直到8.比例：20 per cent 20%one in three 1/3 one out of every four 1/4 TASK I 第28页/共48页1)每一类图有其自己最想要表达的地方2)突出重点3)数据的重点突出和非重点处理1)As can be seen from the chart2)It is clear from the graph that3)The diagram shows1)however,/in contrast,/on the contrary/2)Compared with contrary to3)个性化的表达客观写作Keypoints对比特征或数据 IELTS WRITING第29页/共48页The graph below shows radio and television audiences throughout the day in 1992.Radio and television audiences in the UK,October-December 1992.第30页/共48页两条曲线第31页/共48页Thegraphshowsthepercentageofaudiencesover4yearsoldofUKfollowstheradioandtelevisionthroughoutthedayduringtheperiodOctober-December1992.TASK I 第32页/共48页Ithasbeenobservedfromthegraphthatlessthan10%audiencesfollowstheradioat6:00amandthepercentageraisedtoapickaround30%at8AManddeclinegraduallytoaround10%duringtheperiod200to400Pmandagainraisedabittoaround12%between400to600PM.Itthenagaindroppedtobelow10%ataround10PM.Therateagainraisedtoabitbetween1000PMto1200PMandthendroppedslowlyby400AM.TASK I 第33页/共48页Ontheotherhand,therateoftelevisionaudiencesraises0-10%duringtheperiod600to800amandremainsteadyupto10AMandthengraduallygoesdownby1200noon.Thepercentageraiseddramaticallytoaround15%by200noon.Thepercentageraiseddramaticallygoesdownby1200noon.Thepercentageraiseddramaticallytoaround15%by200PMwhichagainraisedtoapickabove40%between600-800PMandthengraduallydroppedbetweentheperiod1200PMto400AM.TASK I 第34页/共48页 Theboldgraphshowsthetelevisionaudiencesthroughouttheday.Itshowsthatthepercentageofaudiencesiszeropercentinearlymorningbutitgraduallyrisesuntotenpercentat8:00amandmaintainsthesameforthenexttwohours.Thereisaslightfallinpercentageinnexttwohourshoweverafterthatitrisessharpuntotwentypercentwithinthenexttwohours.Afterthisthegraphrisesveryfastandattainsitspeakat10pmwhichisaboutfortyfivepercent.Thegraphgraduallyfallsdownandat2:00amitisatfivepercent.Thethinnergraphshowsthepercentageforradioaudiences.Unlikethetelevisiononethepeakpercentageoftheradioaudiencesisat8:00amwhichisabout30percent.Thenitgraduallyfallsanditcorrespondswiththetelevisiononeattwopm.Afterthatitgraduallyfallsbutwithasmallincreaseinpercentageat4:30to6:00pm.ThepercentageofaudiencethengraduallygoesdownandatfourAMitisthelowestwhichisnear2percentage.Thesegraphsprovetheprogressivepopularityoftelevision.TASK I 第35页/共48页第36页/共48页第37页/共48页多条曲线：（中间段落）1.分别写三条曲线2.分阶段对比三条曲线3.混合写法（先写将其中两条分阶段对比写），再写剩下的一条 TASK I 第38页/共48页The graph below shows the proportion of the population aged 65 and over between 1940 and 2040 in three different countries.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant.第39页/共48页 The line graph shows the proportion of people in Japan,Sweden,and USA aged 65 and over from 1940 and the expected proportions up to 2040.From 1940-1990,the proportions of aged 65 and over in the USA and Sweden WERE similar follow the same trend.In 1940 the figures were 9%and 7%respectively in 1990.Thereafter,American s proportion of people aged 65 and over leveled out and is forecasted to remain in 14%until 2020,after which it is expected increase to 23%in 2040.however,Sweden s proportion of people aged 65 and over began to rise after 1990.This increase is forecasted to continue until 2010 when the proportion is estimated to be 20%.Then there is expected to be a slight drop to 18%in 2030,followed by a steep climb to 25%in 2040.The situation in Japan differs considerably,with a fall in the percentage of people aged 65 and over between 1940(5%)to 1960(3%).The percentage remained steady until 1985,where upon it began to climb.This rise is projected to continue until around 2030,when the proportion of Japannese aged 65 and over is expected to reach 10%.Thereafter,within just a few years,the proportion is forecast to rise dramatically to 25%,with a less darmatic rese to 27%in 2040.第40页/共48页 TASK I：流程图和示意图 目的：让没有看到图表的人，听完你的描述后，就对图表的主要特征有所了解 方法：1）结构（时间/空间顺序）2）流程（时间顺序）/功能（例举）*必须分段 结构一功能一结构二功能二结构三功能三第41页/共48页第42页/共48页 TASK I：流程图和示意图 The first diagram shows that there are four main stages in the life of the silk worm.First of all,eggs are produced by the moth and it takes ten days for each egg to become a silkworm larva that feeds on mulberry leaves.This stage lasts for up to six weeks until the larva produces a cocoon of silk thread around itself.After a period of about three weeks,the adult moths eventually emerge from these cocoons and the life cycle begins again.The cocoons are the raw material used for the production of silk cloth.Once selected,they are boiled in water and the threads can be separated in the unwinding stage.Each thread is between 300 and 900 metres long,which means they can be twisted together,dyed and then used to produce cloth in the weaving stage.Overall,the diagrams show that the cocoon stage of the silkworm can be used to produce silk cloth through a very simple process.第43页/共48页第44页/共48页 TASK I：流程图和示意图 As is shown in the flow chart,the process of recycling organic waste to produce compost is really a complex one.The whole process can be categorized into five stages.First of all,prepare a plastic container which has four holes for ventilating the air.There is a rule when putting waste into the container,food at the bottom within 15 centimeters high,grass at the middle and newspaper at the top within 15 centimeters high altogether,in order to make a optimum environment for different bacteria reproducing.In the following stage,we can witness nitrogen and water being put into the container.Whats worth mentioning is that water is only added in a hot weather.Next,heat the waste and let the bacteria reproduce fastly,with which the organic waste can be decomposed and became garden fertiliser after 6 months.Subsequently,we can carry the compost out and move it to the garden,thus a new recycling can begin.In conclusion,using this way to turn the organic waste into garden fertiliser is environmentally friendly.By enlarging the number or volume of the container,we can dispose more waste at the same time.第45页/共48页第46页/共48页 TASK I：流程图和示意图 The diagram shows the stages in the process of making chocolate.Chocolate comes from the cacao tree,which is grown in parts of South America,Africa and Indonesia.The tree produces large red pods which contain white cocoa beans.Firstly,when the pods are ripe,they are harvested,the beans are removed and they are fermented for several days in large wooden boxes.During the fermenting process,the beans turn brown.Next,the brown beans are spread in the sun to dry.They are then put in large sacks and transported by train or lorry.After this,the beans are taken to a chocolate factory where they are roasted in an oven at temperatures of between 250 and 350 degree Celsius.After being roasted,the beans are crushed and the outer shell is removed.This part is not needed for making chocolate.Finally,the inner part of the bean is pressed and liquid chocolate is produced.第47页/共48页感谢您的观看！第48页/共48页