高中英语语法(虚拟语气).ppt
虚拟语气虚拟语气1什么是虚拟语气语气分陈述语气、祁使语气、虚拟语气虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如：IfIwereabird,Icouldflyintheair.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。IwishIcouldpasstheexamination.我希望我能通过考试。Mayyousucceed!祝您成功！2一在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气wish后面所跟的宾语从句中的虚拟语气表示某种不能实现的愿望。表示对现在情况的虚拟：表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish+主语主语+动词过去式或动词过去式或 were表示对过去情况的虚拟：表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish+主语主语+had+过去分词或过去分词或would,could,might+现在完成时现在完成时表示对将来情况的虚拟：表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish+主语主语+would+动词原形。动词原形。31.对现在情况的虚拟（与现在的事实相反）：wish+主语主语+动词过去式或动词过去式或 were()Iwish(that可省略,下同)Iknewtheanswertothequestion.()Iwishitwerespringinmyhometownalltheyeararound.()IwishIwereabird.()NowthatheisinChina,hewishesheunderstoodChinese.()Whenwebeginthetrip,theywillwishtheywerewithus.42.对过去情况的虚拟（和过去的事实相反）：wish+主语主语+had done 或或would/could/might+have done(1)Iwish(that可省略)Ihadntwastedsomuchtime.我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了)(2)Hewisheshehadntlostthechance.他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去)(3)Wewishedhehadspokentous.(事实上他并没同我们讲)(4)Iwishyouhadcalledearlier.(事实上已迟了)例题分析：I wish I _ longer this morning,but I had to get up and come to class.A.could have slept B.slept C.might have slept D.have slept 选APeter wishes that he _ law instead of literature when he was in collegeA.could study B.studied C.had studied D.would study 答案为C。表示过去没有实现的愿望，动词用过去完成时.53.对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望)：wish+主语主语+would+动词原形动词原形(1)Iwishitwouldstopraining.我希望雨能停止。(事实上雨还在下着呢)(2)Iwishyouwouldbequiet.我希望你安静一些。(事实上那家伙还在吵着呢)(3)Youwishedshewouldarrivethenextday.你希望她第二天会到。(事实上她还没到)(4)Iwishshewouldchangehermind.我希望她会改变主意。(女孩子可没那么容易就改变主意喔)6二在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气由于这些动词本身隐含说话者的主观意见，认为某事应该或不应该怎样，这些词语后面的“that”从句应用虚拟语气，且均以“should+动词原形”表示这种语气，但事实上“should”常被省略，故此从句中谓语动词用原形，常用的此类动词有：表示“要求”的：ask,desire,request,demand,require,beg表示“提议、劝告、建议”的：move,propose,suggest,recommend,advise,vote表示“决定、命令”的：decide,order表示“主张”的：maintain,urge表示“同意、坚持”的：consent,insist7 其结构：其结构：order,suggest,propose,require,demand,request,insist,command,insist+.(should)do 1.Thedoctorsuggestedthathe(should)trytolosehisweight.2.Heinsistedthatwe(should)tellhimthenews.3.Wesuggestthatstudents(should)spendtwoorthreeyearsinanEnglish-speakingcountry.(我们建议学生应在说英语的国家呆上两三年。)5.Isuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.8三、条件句的虚拟语气条件句分真实条件句和非真实条件句(与事实相反或很难实现)IfIhaveenoughmoneynextyear,IwillgotoJapan.Oilfloatsifyoupouritonwater.非真实条件句都用虚拟语气9从句从句主句主句与现在与现在事实相事实相反反If sb.+动词过去式动词过去式 （be过去式用过去式用were）should/would/could/might+do与过去与过去事实相事实相反反If sb.+had doneshould/would/could/might+have done与将来与将来事实相事实相反反If sb.+动词过去式动词过去式 （be过去式用过去式用were）should/would/could/might+do101.IfIknewFrench,Iwouldreadthebook.IfIwereyou,Iwouldrefusethemoney.2.IfIhadleftalittleearlier,Iwouldhavecaughtthetrain.Shewouldhavecomeifshehadntbeensobusy.3.Youmightbelateifyouwentonfoot.Ifheweretocome,whatshouldwesaytohim?11例题：Ifabettermaterial_,thestrengthofthepartwouldhavebeenincreased.A.hadbeenusedB.hadbeenusingC.beingusedD.using（正确答案为A。）Hadtheweatherbeengood,thechildren_outforawalk.A.hadgoneB.couldhavegoneC.wouldgoD.went（答案B。与过去的事实相反。当if从句中含有were,had,should这三个词时，if可以省略，主谓倒装。）12条件从句中如果有条件从句中如果有were,had,should,could，有时可把，有时可把if省略并将这些词放主句省略并将这些词放主句前面前面（1)原句：Ifshewereyounger,shewoulddoit.去If：Weresheyounger,shewoulddoit.(把动词were移到主语she的前面)（2)原句：Ifhehadtriedit,hecouldhavedoneit.去If：Hadhetriedit,hecouldhavedoneit.(把had移到主语he的前面)（3)Hadheworkedharder,hewouldhavegotthroughtheexams.（4)Werehetoleavetoday,hewouldgettherebyFriday.（5)WereIinyourplace,Iwouldntdothat.（6)HadIseenthefilm,Iwouldhavediscusseditwiththemlastnight.假如我看了那部电影，昨晚我就可以和他们一起讨论了。（7)WereIabird,Icouldflyfreely.假如我是一只小鸟，我就能自由翱翔。（8)Shoulditrainnextweekthefarmerswouldhaveagoodharvest.要是下周能下雨的话，农民们就能有个好收成了。例题：The volleyball match will be put off if it _.A.will rain B.rains C.rained D.is rained 答案B。真实条件句真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。13
