英语句子结构完美解释.pptx
句子成份 句子一般由两个部分组成：主语部分（subject group）谓语部分（predicate group）句子成份：主主 谓谓 宾宾 表表补补定定 状状第1页/共31页Members of sentence:S-subjectP-predicative O-objectAttri.-attributeAdv.-adverb Oc-object complement 主主宾宾表表补补定定状状第2页/共31页1)主语（subject）I like football.The boy needs a pen.句子的主体，全句述说的对象。一般由句子的主体，全句述说的对象。一般由 担任担任,常置于句首。常置于句首。2)谓语（predicate）说明主语的动作或状态。由说明主语的动作或状态。由 担任。常置于主语后。担任。常置于主语后。The train leaves at 6 oclock.I want a ticket.,动词不定式,动名词 或从句名词,主格代词动词第3页/共31页3)宾语（object）4)表语（predicative）He won the game.On the desk表示vt.的动作对象或prep.所联系的对象。由n.或相当于n.的词担任。置于vt.或prep.后。Tome lost his life in the big fire.He is a student.用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。由n.n.或adj.adj.担任。置于系动词之后。第4页/共31页除了be 系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，1)表感官的动词:2)表转变变化的动词:3)表延续的动词feel,smell,taste,sound,look,appear,seem 等。become,get,grow,turn,go,等remain,keep,hold,stay,rest等。第5页/共31页5)宾补（objective complement）补充说明宾语的情况 。由n./adj./n./adj./介宾 /分词 /不定式等担任。They made him king.I consider the book too expensive.6)定语（attributive）对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用的表示,通常位于被修饰的成分前。The black bike is mine.()第6页/共31页说明1：当定语修饰不定代词如：nothing,anything,everything,something 等时，定语要放在其后作后置定语 我告诉他一些有趣的事情。I tell him something interesting.说明2：不定式、短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。这间屋子里的男孩子们是10班的。The boys in the room are in Class Ten.第7页/共31页7)状语（adverbial）用以修饰adj./v./adv.及全句,位置灵活。通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。I am very sorry.We often help him.When I grow up,I am going to be a teacher.（从句作时间状语)第8页/共31页句子类型简单句并列句复合句第9页/共31页.简单句1.Things changed.2.Trees are green.3.We dont beat children.4.He gave his sister the piano.5.I found the book easy.主 +谓主 +谓 +表主 +谓 +宾主+谓 +间接宾语 +直接宾语 主 +谓 +宾 +宾补第10页/共31页Nobody went.She became a doctor.The car caught fire.I will write you a long letter.I will let him go.PracticePractice 主 +谓主 +谓 +表主 +谓 +宾主+谓 +间接宾语 +直接宾语主 +谓 +宾 +宾补第11页/共31页.并列句This is me and these are my friends.They must stay in water,or they will die.Its not cheap,but it is very good.It was late,so I went to bed.andorbut soHe knocked at the door;there was no answer.Youre alive!And shes dead.第12页/共31页名词性从句状语从句定语从句主语从句主语从句表语从句表语从句宾语从句宾语从句同位语从句同位语从句.复合句A plane is a machine that can fly.He said that he didnt like her.第13页/共31页状语从句状语从句分为九类：时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、方式、程度1)时间状语从句Wait until you are called.When spring came,leaves turn green.常用的关联词有：as,after,before,since,till/until,when,while,as soon as,whenever等第14页/共31页2)地点状语从句Put it where you found it.Sit down wherever you like.常用的关联词有：where,wherever,anywhere3)原因状语从句As I didnt know the way,I asked a policeman常用的关联词有：because,as,since第15页/共31页4)结果状语从句I was in the bath so that I didnt hear the telephone.常用的关联词有：so,so that,such that,that 5)目的状语从句Ill show you so you will see how its done.常用的关联词有：so,so that,in order that第16页/共31页6)条件状语从句If it snows tomorrow,we will build a snowman.常用的关联词有：if,unless,in case that,on condition that常用的关联词有：though,although,if even if,even though,7)让步状语从句Though Im fond of music,I cant play any instrument.第17页/共31页常用的关联词有：as,as if,as though,how常用的关联词有：so,so that,as far as,so long as8)方式状语从句He did just as you told him.9)程度状语从句So long as you need me,Ill stay.第18页/共31页Homework1.复习今天所学的句子结构2.自行复习名词性从句的内容(三)3.看试卷,做相应知识点.第19页/共31页名词性从句名词性从句1)主语从句*What he said is not known.*That we shall be late is certain.*It is certain that we shall be late.*How strange it is that the children are so quiet!第20页/共31页2）表语从句*That is what he wants to buy.*The problem is that who we can get to replace her?*The reason is that he has lied to me several times.第21页/共31页3)宾语从句*I understand that he is well qualified.*He said that he didnt like her.*I dont know if you can help me.第22页/共31页4)同位语从句*Where did you get the idea that I couldnt come?*The question who should do the work requires consideration.*Mother made a promise that she would buy me a new coat.the ideaThe questiona promise第23页/共31页注意！注意！*that与what都可以引导名词性从句。*what在从句中充当句子成份（主,宾,表）。*That在句中只起连接作用，不充当成份。*that在引导名词性从句时不可省略（宾语从句除外）.That is what he wants to buy.That we shall be late is certain.He said(that)he didnt like her.引导词that&what 第24页/共31页状语从句状语从句分为九类：时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、方式、程度1)时间状语从句Wait until you are called.When spring came,leaves turn green.常用的关联词有：as,after,before,since,till/until,when,while,as soon as,whenever等第25页/共31页2)地点状语从句Put it where you found it.Sit down wherever you like.常用的关联词有：where,wherever,anywhere3)原因状语从句As I didnt know the way,I asked a policeman常用的关联词有：because,as,since第26页/共31页4)结果状语从句I was in the bath so that I didnt hear the telephone.常用的关联词有：so,so that,such that,that 5)目的状语从句Ill show you so you will see how its done.常用的关联词有：so,so that,in order that第27页/共31页6)条件状语从句If it snows tomorrow,we will build a snowman.常用的关联词有：if,unless,in case that,on condition that常用的关联词有：though,although,if even if,even though,7)让步状语从句Though Im fond of music,I cant play any instrument.第28页/共31页常用的关联词有：as,as if,as though,how常用的关联词有：so,so that,as far as,so long as8)方式状语从句He did just as you told him.9)程度状语从句So long as you need me,Ill stay.第29页/共31页 GrammarGrammarsentences第30页/共31页感谢您的观看！第31页/共31页
