雅思大作文强化写作过程.ppt

雅思写作考前冲刺一内容：1）大作文写作要点梳理（评分标准）2）写作过程注意点3）论证框架补充4）互动写作5）课后写作作业高能低分的原因1）审题失误漏题偏题2）框架失误大作文的评分标准大作文的评分标准 任务完成任务完成内容切题（不漏题、不立体）立场鲜明并得到有效阐释（明确表态，有有力的论据）结构有逻辑性连贯与衔接连贯与衔接连接词的运用词汇资源词汇资源有一定难度的词（适当运用大词）近义词替代（多样性）语法多样性和准确性语法多样性和准确性句子结构的准确性（语法正确：分词）句子结构的丰富性（长短句，句子开头不同）句子的长度和难度（每个段落有长句）用词的正式性和严谨性（没有口语词）作文的审题一、漏题一、漏题题目较长，考生容易漏掉其中的某些重要信息。1)Environmental problems are too big for individual countries and individual persons to address.In other words,we have reached the stage where the only way to protect the environment is at an international level.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?分析：主题关键词为environmental problems，涉及的主体为三类：individual countries,individual persons,international level。这三类主题在作文中都必须要提都必须要提到到。分析练习2)Some people believe that students should study in groups.Others think that they should study alone.What are the benefits of studying in groups and studying alone?Which way is more effective?哪些为关键概念词汇？2)Some people believe that students should study in groups.Others think that they should study alone.What are the benefits of studying in groups and studying alone?Which way is more effective?二、跑题二、跑题第一种情况：题目不难，但是由于考场紧张，想偏了跑题。Competitiveness now is very important to the society.Is competitiveness positive or negative to the individual?正确焦点：对个人是积极还是消极，并在论述积极影响时候肯定起对社会的重要性。失误焦点1：要竞争还是要合作？（X）失误焦点2：竞争和合作对个人和社会的作用（X）第二种情况：题目很难，没能看懂，理解出现偏差 Without capital punishment(the death penalty)our lives are less secure and crimes of violence increase.Capital punishment is essential to control violence in society.To what extent do you agree or disagree?误读：资本惩罚，罚款，经济惩罚等对控制犯罪的作用。审题步骤审题时间：2分钟四步：四步：1）明确题目类型和论证框架2）判断问题数量3）寻找关键词汇4）列出简要提纲1：明确题目类型论辩型题目：论辩型题目：Argumentative 包括：1）给你一个观点，问你是否同意并说明原因2）给你两种观点，问你支持哪一方3）讨论某事物的优缺点问法：1)To what extent do you agree or disagree?2)Do you agree or disagree?3)Do you think it is a positive or negative development?4)Do you think its advantages outweigh its disadvantages?5)What do you think?6)Discuss both views and give your own opinion.1：明确题目类型解释型题目：Analysis 提出一个比较热门的问题，让考生谈原因和解决方案。问法：1)What are the possible reasons and how to solve it?2)What are the social and individual functions?3)Please analyze the reasons and give your recommendations.2：判断问题的数量多问题题目，弥补固定框架的缺陷灵活应对，问题全覆盖例子说明：1）根据标点符号的数量来判断 The gap between the rich and the poor is becoming wider.The rich is growing richer and the poor is growing poorer.What are the causes of this?What measures can be taken to reduce this problem?分析：两个标点符号，第一回答原因，第二回答措施2）根据题目中出现的连词来判断 Nowadays,some organizations and charities publicize their activities by introducing special days every year like National Childrens Day and Non-smoking Day.Why do you think they introduce special days and what effects does this have?分析：and，回答两个问题3：寻找关键词汇1）名词或动名词：明确写作范围 Some people argue that the purpose of zoos is only to entertain people.What do you think?What other purposes of zoos?3：寻找关键词汇2）修饰限定词：决定写作方向和写作重点 Air travel only benefits the richest people,and majority people take no advantage from development of airplane.To what extent do you agree or disagree?失误解题：乘飞机旅行是否对人们有利（X）正确解题：乘飞机是否只对富人有利？需要论述乘飞机对富人也会有不利之处，而普通人也可以获益于乘飞机旅行。4：列提纲忠告：没有整理好思路，一边想一边写的结果反而浪费时间，而且越来越混乱，甚至忘记之前的构思。论点的提出1）直接提出论点）直接提出论点1)As far as I am concerned2)As far as I am able to judge3)As for me4)As I see it5)In my opinion6)In/For my part7)In/From my point of view8)From my perspective9)It seems quite clear to me that10)I am convinced that论点的提出2）评价引用论点）评价引用论点1)I would go along with this point of view.2)As far as I am concerned,this proposal seems both sound and well-grounded.3)As for me,I can share this point of view.4)I totally agree with this statement,and I will explain why this is the case.5)To be frank,I agree with their opinion for the reasons below.6)I am against this point of view.7)I am opposed to this point of view.8)As far as I am concerned,however,this point of view seems a bit absurd and ridiculous.9)To be frank,I cannot agree with their opinion for the reasons below.10)At the first thought,it may seem to be an attractive idea,but it does not bear closer analysis.11)Personally,I am in favor of the former/latter point of view.12)For my part,I would go along with the former/latter point of view.补充框架关键词：辩证辩证地论证问题的两面性论证框架补充1 Computer technologies are more accessible and cheaper.As a result,more adults work at home and children study at home.Is this a positive or negative development?练习：完成内容构思构思开头段：转述题目背景-转述题目-引起下文第二段：积极的方面段落中心句-第一个理由-第二个理由第三段：消极方面段落中心句-第一个理由-第二个理由结尾段：总结全文总结全文-概括优缺点 As one of the most important inventions of the twentieth century,computer has a wide application in all aspects of our lives.For example,a substantial number of people ranging from workers to students prefer to work or study at home instead of physically sitting in the office or at school.As to whether it is a blessing or a curse,however,people take different attitudes.Those people who strongly believe that learning or working through computer at home seems beneficial to people in a number of aspects have cogent reasons for it.initially,the most obvious merit can be contributed to the release of traffic jams.Since less people tend to use the public or private vehicles commuting between workplaces or schools and their homes,there is a lower possibility of the incidence of traffic jams.Moreover,it is convenient and time-saving for people to do so.Distance learning program is a good case in point.This kind of program largely helps people who are unable to go to school have access to education.Finally,working or studying at home offer people more time to stay with their families,which make them feel comfortable and relaxed all the time.On the contrary,some other people strongly despise the above attitude.To begin with,they believe working or studying at home will probably reduce the communication among colleagues or classmates.They fear that this may encourage people to be more indifferent to others,thus resulting in the relationship between people not as close as in the past.Another consideration for those persons lies with peoples physical impairment induced from sitting in front of the computers too long.Since all work needs to be done on computers,barely can people spare a minute for rest and a cup of coffee,which will inevitably hazard peoples health.All in all,this development can be taken both as beneficial and as detrimental.It is acceptable for people to work or study with computers at home for sake of the convenience it brings about,but it will also spark off health-related problems and the decrease of peoples social interaction.As one of the most important inventions of the twentieth century,_ has a wide application in all aspects of our lives.For example,_.As to whether it is a blessing or a curse,however,people take different attitudes.Those people who strongly believe that _ have cogent reasons for it.initially,the most obvious merit can be contributed to _.Moreover,_.Finally,_.On the contrary,some other people strongly despise the above attitude.To begin with,_.Another consideration for those persons lies with _.All in all,this development can be taken both as beneficial and as detrimental.From my perspective,_.论证框架补充2 Young people are often influenced in their behaviors and situations by others in the same age.This is called“peer pressure”.Do the disadvantages outweigh the advantages?构思练习构思开头段：转述题目开头段：转述题目背景-转述题目-引起下文第二段：积极的方面第二段：积极的方面段落中心句-第二个理由-第三个理由第三段：消极的方面第三段：消极的方面段落中心句-第二个理由-第三个理由结尾段：自己的观点结尾段：自己的观点总结全文-自己的观点 Young people often feel the pressure from those of the same age around them.For example,youngsters may learn to smoke if they are surrounded by young smokers even though they are not aware why they smoke.This practice is defined as peer pressure,which is not uncommon among the young.As for advantages and disadvantages caused by this phenomenon,it should be viewed from wider perspectives.On the one hand,peer pressure may have many baneful effects on the young.To start with,peer pressure tends to encourage young people to imitate what others do regardless of whether it is right or wrong.For example,cutting classes is not a rare thing in todays universities in China.Many people attribute this phenomenon to some factors such as boring classes and lack of supervision.However,as for many students,they just play truant because their peers do so.Moreover,peer pressure may cause some other serious consequences such as committing crimes.Young people tend to be immature and cannot make unbiased judgment about social conventions and laws.Under the influence of their friends or fellow students,they may learn some violent behaviors and even embark on the crime road.Finally,peer pressure may cause some negative psychological impacts on children.If a teenager fails to conform to his counterparts,he may be isolated from the others,which may hurt him psychologically.However,on the other hand,peer pressure,if put in an appropriate surrounding,may have some positive effects.For example,if a child is put in an environment where his friends devote themselves to study,he may feel pressured to engage in study arduously too.Whats more,peer pressure may enable young people to be full of ambition.Specifically,when a young person see people around him make great progress in study or career,instinctive motivation may spur him to work hard and do his utmost to achieve his goal.To conclude,both sides make sense.Therefore it seems hard to define peer pressure as a blessing or a curse.However,after analyzing numerous social cases,we may find that young people exposed to peer pressure tend to be influenced negatively.Therefore,in answering the question of the topic,we may say its disadvantages outweigh advantages.论证框架补充3 University students should pay all the cost of their studies because university education benefits individuals rather than the society as a whole.To what extent do you agree or disagree?构思练习构思构思开头段：转述题目开头段：转述题目背景-转述题目-自己的观点（部分同意/不同意）-引起下文第二段：分析一第二段：分析一（承上启下套句）段落中心句-部分同意的几个理由第三段：分析二第三段：分析二（承上启下套句）段落中心句-部分不同意的几个理由第四段：自己的综合观点第四段：自己的综合观点总结全文-强调自己的综合观点-要采取的措施 It is as clear as crystal that millions of youngsters coming from poverty-stricken families cannot afford the high expenses of college education.However,some people argue that all the cost of their university education should be paid by individual students.I partly side with the above statement and will endeavor to exemplify my opinion that it is not universally feasible for every undergraduate to finance their studies.Still,this essay aims to explore how to assist those needy college students to accomplish their college education.There are several reasons to prove that every individual college student should finance his own education.For one thing,higher education,for those who excel in entrance exam for college education,can no longer be classified into the category of compulsory education.For another,so mature and capable are the youths that it is highly possible for them to earn their living by working through their college.To make the final point,education is an investment,which can reward its investor with high interest.That is to say,every individual college student is,by all means,the beneficiary of higher education.In light of this statement,it is highly justified that every university student is supposed to finance his own education,especially for those who come from well-to-do family background.Nevertheless,under no circumstance should we ignore those special college students,namely,those who come from impoverished family background.It is far from easy for them to afford the incredibly expensive tuition fees.In this sense,some effective measures should be done to help them get well-educated.To begin with,they should be entitled to enjoy the financial aid out of the public purse.The economic subsidy aiming at poor students should cultivate and nurture more professionally well-trained talents who can,in return,make substantial contribution to the community with their specialized knowledge and skills.Then,another preferable way is to resort to education loans,which can be paid back after graduation and securing a decent job.Furthermore,universities ought to provide those needy college students with par-time job opportunities so that it is possible for them to ease the financial strain.Finally,scholarship is another way for those diligent students to finance their college education.In the final analysis,it is my view that as for students coming from well-to-do family background,it is quite reasonable for them to pay all the tuition fees.Yet,on the part of those poverty-stricken and prominent students,their college education could be resolved in several ways,such as governmental aid,students loans,the scholarship and part-time job opportunities provided by universities.互动写作练习1多问题题目Traditional art is a sign of civilization.Do you think government should subsidize musicians,painters,actors or opera companies?What should the government do?构思-写作(paragraph by paragraph)-修改互动写作练习2 Some people say that children should spend their leisure time on educational activities.Some people believe it is dangerous to put too much pressure on children.What is your opinion?构思-写作(paragraph by paragraph)-修改