高中语法-被动语态.ppt

被动语态被动语态高中高中高中高中语态语态(voice)是个语法范畴，它是一种动词形是个语法范畴，它是一种动词形式，表示动词的式，表示动词的主语与该动词所表示的动作主语与该动词所表示的动作之之间的主动和被动关系。当主语是动作的执行者间的主动和被动关系。当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（时，动词用主动语态（Active Voice）；如果主）；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态（Passive Voice）。）。We cleaned the classroom yesterday.（主动语态）（主动语态）The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday.（被动语态）（被动语态）被动语态的结构被动语态的结构各种时态的被动语态举例（以动词各种时态的被动语态举例（以动词do为例）为例）The classroom is cleaned by the students every day.My bike was stolen last night.When was the book introduced to China?A speech will be given this afternoon.I thought thousands of people would be helped.The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday.The problem is being discussed now.A bus is being pushed by the passengers.Two hundred trees have been planted by now.The book has been read many times by me.Several soldiers have already been killed in the conflict.各种时态的被动语态举例（以动词各种时态的被动语态举例（以动词do为例）为例）They said they had been invited to the party.She found the house had been destroyed by the storm.He had been tortured by the illness for many years before he died.各种时态的被动语态举例（以动词各种时态的被动语态举例（以动词do为例）为例）其他结构其他结构含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态结构：情态动词+be+过去分词；注意：其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，“be+过去分词”部分不变。如：Tables can be made of stone.。Tables could be made of stone at that time.Can tables be made of stone?其他结构其他结构带不定式的被动语态带不定式的被动语态结构：to be done1.These debts will have to be paid.2.Those people are sure to be defeated其他结构其他结构结构：动词+介词/副词其他词:be+(副词）done+介词/副词其他词 1.This question has been much talked about recently.2.What should be paid attention to to write a composition?3.He was brought up by his uncle.4.Lots of new words have to be looked up.5.The children are well taken care of.6.He is often made fun of.（以下内容实用）（以下内容实用）三个高考热点词组三个高考热点词组1.have sth./sb.done Where is the coffee table?Tom just had it moved away.2.make oneself done Can I make myself heard?3.get（宾语）（宾语）done He got caught by the police at last.You might get hurt.Ill get the bike repaired in no time固定句型固定句型It is said/believed/hoped/supposed/reported/hoped/well known/suggested that sb./sth.=sb./sth.is to do 注意：注意：如果原来从句的谓语动作已经完成，不定式用完成式；如果原来从句的谓语动作已经完成，不定式用完成式；如果从句的谓语动作是经常性动作或还没有完成，用不定式的如果从句的谓语动作是经常性动作或还没有完成，用不定式的一般式。一般式。It is said that James is an expert on DNA.=James is said to be an expert on DNA.It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.=The boy is said to have passed the national exam.注意变形注意变形使役动词使役动词make及感官动词及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等宾补不带等宾补不带to，主补必带，主补必带to。1.He made me wait there for a whole day.I was made to wait there for a whole day by him.3.My mother saw a cat walk across the road.A cat was seen to walk across the road by my mother.但是：但是：I heard her singing next door.She was heard singing next door.高频考点高频考点动词的主动形式表示被动之意动词的主动形式表示被动之意1.某些连系动词，如：某些连系动词，如：look,feel,smell，sound,prove等。等。The flower smells sweet.Maria proves very patient and warm-hearted.2.表示主语内在表示主语内在“品质品质”或或“性能性能”的某些动词，虽然可以是及物动词，的某些动词，虽然可以是及物动词，但这时用作不及物动词，如：但这时用作不及物动词，如：lock,shut,close,open,move,read,write,sell,wash,clean,draw,cut,translate,burn,run,ride,begin,end,operate,drive等。等。The sentences translate hard.The door wont shut.3.want,need,require+doing=to be done The car needs repairing.The car needs to be repaired.4.be worth+doing The book is worth reading.5.“形容词不定式形容词不定式”。如：。如：nice，easy，fit,hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant,interesting等。等。This problem is difficult to work out.English is important to learn.6.在在too to结构中。结构中。This book is too expensive(for me)to buy.高频考点高频考点动词的主动形式表示被动之意动词的主动形式表示被动之意7.某些动词用在句型某些动词用在句型“主主+谓谓+主补主补”时，如时，如wear，blow，prove等。等。The door blew open.高频考点高频考点动词的主动形式表示被动之意动词的主动形式表示被动之意不用被动不用被动（一）系动词（一）系动词,如：如：look,sound,taste,smell,feel remain,seem。1.In warm weather fruit and meat dont keep long.2.Good medicine taste bitter to the mouth.3.Much remains to be done.（二）度量衡，如：（二）度量衡，如：measure,weigh。1.The room measures 6 by 8.2.The fish weighs 2 kilos.（三）动词，如：（三）动词，如：marry,happen，last,hold(盛、装盛、装)。1.Jane married jack last month.2.The auditoria can hold 1000 audience.不用被动不用被动词组词组,如：如：take place,break out,come out,come about,come true,run out,give out,turn out,belong to等等 1.The Anti-Japanese War broke out in 1937 and it lasted eight years.2.The gas has run out.3.The story turned out to be true.4.The book will come out in two weeks.1.We all know that ice _.A.feels coldly B.is felt coldly C.is feeling cold D.feels cold 2.Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour.A.paid B.pay C.paying D.to pay 3.The pipe made of bamboo can _ water.A.used to carry B.be used to carrying C.be used to carry D.be used for carry 4.The classroom _50 feet long.A.measures B.is measured C.has D.has length 5.Does the TV need _ now?A.to fix B.being fixed C.to repairing D.to be fixed 6._ that they can pass the written exam this time.A.That hopes B.It is hoped C.It is being hoped D.It hopes