高考英语不定式专题复习.ppt

动动词词不不定定式式Todothatsortofthingisfoolish。Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.Allyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.Wefoundahousetolivein.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.Iwarnedthepatientnottoeatcoldwateraftertheoperation.主语主语宾语宾语表语表语定语定语状语状语宾补宾补不定式或不定式短语可起名词，形容词和不定式或不定式短语可起名词，形容词和副词的作用，在句中做主语，宾语，表语，副词的作用，在句中做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语和宾语补足语。定语，状语和宾语补足语。一，不定式在句中的作用：一，不定式在句中的作用：1、主语：不定式做主语时，可以直接放在、主语：不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。谓语动词之前。eg:Tomakeanewdresstakesheralotortime.Nottogetthereintimeisyourfault.注：注：常用常用it做形式主语，将做形式主语，将todo放在位于放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。之后，使句子保持平衡。句型句型1：It+谓语谓语+todoeg:Ittakesusanhourtogettherebybus.句型句型2：Its+n.+todoeg:Itsourdutytohelpthepoor.句型句型3：Itisadj.for/ofsb.todosth.注：注：for/ofsbtodosth为不定式复合结构。为不定式复合结构。1)of引起的复合结构只能做主语。引起的复合结构只能做主语。eg:Itsverykindofyoutohelpme.2)for引起的复合结构在句中可做主语，宾语，表引起的复合结构在句中可做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语等。语，定语，状语等。eg:Anothermethodisforthemtoleaveatonce.(表语表语)Wedbetterfindsomeworkforthechildrentodo.(定语定语)Heputthepaperondeskforyoutoread.(状状语语)Whathetoldhermadeitimpossibleforhimtogoonherwork.(宾语宾语)Itscommonforleavestofallformthetreesinautumn.(主语主语)2、做表语：主语、做表语：主语+系动词系动词+不定式不定式1).其主语多为抽象名词其主语多为抽象名词(wish,need)eg:Mywishistobeascientist.Themainthingistokeepourroomclean.2).不定式不定式tolet,toblame,toseek做表语做表语,主动主动表被动表被动.eg:Thehouseistolet.3).betodo可构成将来时态可构成将来时态,表表“准备准备/打算打算/计计划划/需要需要”;be是助动词，无词义是助动词，无词义,其主语为具体其主语为具体名词名词(人人/事物事物);tobe可用可用begoingto或或will/shall代替代替,此时不定式是谓语的一部分此时不定式是谓语的一部分,而不而不是表语是表语.eg:Sheistoreturnnextweek.Itwasabouttoleavewhenitstartedtorain.3.做定语做定语:不定式做定语总是放在它所修饰的名词之后不定式做定语总是放在它所修饰的名词之后,不定式表示的行为通常是未来的行为不定式表示的行为通常是未来的行为,它们常和被修饰的它们常和被修饰的词有动宾关系词有动宾关系,主谓关系和修饰性关系主谓关系和修饰性关系.1).动宾关系动宾关系:Ihavealotofworktodo.Givemeapieceofpapertowriteon.2).主谓关系主谓关系:Sheisthebestpersontofinishthework.Womenandchildrenwerethefirsttogetintothelifeboat.3).修饰性关系修饰性关系(同位同位),它所修饰的词多为抽象名词它所修饰的词多为抽象名词.need,time,way,right,chance,courage,reason,need,time,way,right,chance,courage,reason,wish,movement.wish,movement.eg:Thereisnoneedforhimtocome.Hehasnotimetoreadthebook.4.做状语做状语:1).目的状语目的状语:可放于句首可放于句首,也可放于句末也可放于句末,前面前面可加可加inorder/soas/soasto表强调表强调.eg:Hewenttoseetheartisthimself.Hestoppedtohavealook.Heransofastastogettoschoolintime.2).结果状语结果状语:主要用在主要用在enoughto/tooto/onlyto结构中。结构中。eg:Thequestionistoodifficulttoanswer.Theyworkedhardenoughtofinishtheirwork.3).原因状语原因状语:主语主语+系动词系动词+adj.+todoa).表表感情的感情的adj.有有:happy,surprised,pleased,glad,sorry,anxious(忧虑忧虑),disappointed,careful,afraid,wrong.eg:Imverysorrytoseeyou.Hewasafraidtoleavehimhome.b).说明句中主语在哪个方面存在形容词所表示的说明句中主语在哪个方面存在形容词所表示的情况时情况时,即与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，即与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，主主动表被动动表被动.interesting,difficult,easy,important,possible,expensive,dangerous,useful.eg:Thequestioniseasytoanswer.Heisdifficulttoteach.5.做宾语做宾语:不定式做宾语的情况，一般表示将来的不定式做宾语的情况，一般表示将来的行为行为,这时谓语和不定式的动作都是主语发出的这时谓语和不定式的动作都是主语发出的.1).下列动词只能按不定式做宾语下列动词只能按不定式做宾语.plan,choose,manage,learn,pretend,agree,decide,refuse.promise,prepare,offer,fail,hope,wish,expect,ask;demand,want,hesitate2).不定式做动词不定式做动词tell,teach,know,show,findout,discover,see(understand)的宾语时的宾语时,不定不定式前常加连接代词式前常加连接代词who,which,what和连接副词和连接副词how,when,where构成不定式短语做宾语构成不定式短语做宾语.eg:Idontknowhowtogetthere.注注:why不能与不定式连用不能与不定式连用.3).begin,start,continue后接不定式后接不定式,动名词意动名词意思一样思一样.4).like,love,hate,prefer动名词表经常性的动动名词表经常性的动作，不定式表一次性动作作，不定式表一次性动作.5).remember,forget,regret后动名词表已经做过后动名词表已经做过的动作的动作,不定式表没有做过或将要做的动作不定式表没有做过或将要做的动作.6).stop,try,goon,mean,beafraid,propose后后两者都可两者都可,但意义不同但意义不同.proposetodo计划计划,打算做打算做proposedoing建议做建议做7).a).preferdoingtodoingprefertodoratherthandob).beusedtodoingusedtodoc).itsnousedoingitsuselesstodod).beworthdoingbeworthyofbeingdonebeworthytobedone6.做宾补做宾补(与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系关系)1).有些动词有些动词(短语短语)必须接必须接to的不定式做宾补的不定式做宾补talk,ask,warn,want,allow,permit,order,advise,force,beg,cause,encourage,invite,persuade,get,require,prefer,call,leave,expect,use(allow/permit/advisedoingsth)2).与表示说话或心理状态的动词与表示说话或心理状态的动词say,report,believe,suppose,think,understand,consider等等的被动语态连用的被动语态连用.eg:Heissaidtohavewrittenanewbookaboutworkers.3).与表示希望，期望，意愿的动词与表示希望，期望，意愿的动词expect,hope,mean,intend,plan,think,want,wish的过去时态连的过去时态连用，表曾经打算设想做却没做的事用，表曾经打算设想做却没做的事.eg:Theyexpectedtohavegonetothematch,buttheticketswereallsold.Theyhadexpectedtogotothematch.四四,不定式的时态和语态不定式的时态和语态时态时态:三态三态todo/tobedoing/tohavedone一般式一般式表示的动作通常与句中谓语动作同时或在其后表示的动作通常与句中谓语动作同时或在其后发生发生eg:Wesawhimgototheshop.进行式进行式表示不定式的动作正在进行表示不定式的动作正在进行.eg:Hepretendedtobeworkinghard.完成式完成式表示不定式动作在谓语动作表示不定式动作在谓语动作/状态前发生状态前发生.Imgladtohaveseenyourmother.eg:Ihappenedtohavereadthebook.动词不定式动词不定式To的几种常见的省略形式的几种常见的省略形式非谓语动词历来是高考中的重点，不定式结构在考点非谓语动词历来是高考中的重点，不定式结构在考点中常占很大比重。其中中常占很大比重。其中TO的用法很复杂，现就的用法很复杂，现就TO在一在一些结构中常被省略的情况作如下小结。些结构中常被省略的情况作如下小结。1感官动词和使役动词在主动语态中不需要带感官动词和使役动词在主动语态中不需要带to，即我们常说的即我们常说的“一觉二听三让五看一觉二听三让五看”：feel,listento、hear,let、make、have,see、watch、notice、observe、lookat.HenoticedTomtakeabranchofflowersinhishand.他注意到汤姆手中拿着一束鲜花。他注意到汤姆手中拿着一束鲜花。Theteacherhasuswriteacompositioneveryweek.老师要我们每周写一篇文章。老师要我们每周写一篇文章。注：除注：除let外其他在变成被动语态时要加上外其他在变成被动语态时要加上to。Thepersonwasseentoentertheshopbyus.我们看见那个人进了那家商店。我们看见那个人进了那家商店。2由由all，what引导的主语从句或者主语被引导的主语从句或者主语被only,first,one,least或形容词最高级修饰时，而且从句中含有或形容词最高级修饰时，而且从句中含有do时，其表语如果是动词不定式，则往往省去时，其表语如果是动词不定式，则往往省去to。AllIdidwasemptythebottle.我所做的是倒空这个瓶子。我所做的是倒空这个瓶子。WhatIwantedtodowasdriveallnight.我想做的是彻夜我想做的是彻夜开车。开车。TheonlythingIcoulddowasdoitmyself。我。我惟一能做的是我自己解决。惟一能做的是我自己解决。3常用的结构常用的结构maywelldo，mayaswelldo(还是还是好了好了)及及but或或except后接不定式时，如果它们前面有后接不定式时，如果它们前面有do便可省略便可省略to，其结构为其结构为cannotdobut（do)，cannothelpbut(do)不得不不得不等句型，等句型，Wemightaswellputupherefortonight.我们不妨今晚我们不妨今晚就在这儿过夜。就在这儿过夜。Shecandonothingbut/exceptsing.她她除了唱歌什么也没做。除了唱歌什么也没做。Thereisnothinghecoulddobutplayalldaylong。他除了整天玩，别无它事可做。他除了整天玩，别无它事可做。4不定式做不定式做help后的宾语补足语或宾语时，可后的宾语补足语或宾语时，可带带to也可不带也可不带。CanIhelp（to）carryitforyou?我可以帮你搬吗？我可以帮你搬吗？Ihelpedhim（to）mendthebike.我帮助他修理自行车。我帮助他修理自行车。5在在hadbetter，wouldrather，ratherthan之之后省略后省略to。Youdbetternottellhimthenews.你最好不把这个消息告诉他。你最好不把这个消息告诉他。Ratherthanwaitanyone,Idecidedtogohomebytaxi.我决定乘出租车回家而不愿等候任何人。我决定乘出租车回家而不愿等候任何人。学习动词不定式时要特别注意以下几点：学习动词不定式时要特别注意以下几点：一、后接不定式的动词一、后接不定式的动词1.后接不定式做后接不定式做宾语宾语的动词的动词hope,agree,dare,decide,determinebegin,start,refuse,prepare,offermanage,try,aim,forget,remember，chooseseem,pretend,learn,love,hate等。等。(可记：希望同意敢决定，可记：希望同意敢决定，开始拒绝备提供，设法瞄准忘记选，似乎假装学爱憎。开始拒绝备提供，设法瞄准忘记选，似乎假装学爱憎。)2.后接不定式作后接不定式作宾补宾补的动词的动词permit,request,allow,command,tell,invite,cause,encouragewarn,adivse,persuadeforce,order,remind,teach等。等。(可记首字母：可记首字母：practicewapfort实践攻克堡垒。实践攻克堡垒。)3.后接不定式后接不定式既作宾语又可作宾补既作宾语又可作宾补的动词的动词ask,beg,like,preter,help,promise,wish,want,expect等。等。（可记：请求、愿、助、诺、希望。）（可记：请求、愿、助、诺、希望。）二、不定式省略二、不定式省略to的现象：的现象：1.在在hadbetter,wouldrather,whynot,donothingbut,wouldratherthan以及情态动词后以及情态动词后。如：。如：Tomwouldratherplaytennisthanswim.Icoulddonothingbutwaitforyou.2.在在see,hear,watch,notice,feel,observe,let,make,have等感等感官动词和使役动词后接不带官动词和使役动词后接不带to的不定式作宾补，但当这的不定式作宾补，但当这些动词为被动时其后的不定式必须带些动词为被动时其后的不定式必须带to.如：如：Hesawtwomenentertheroom.Iwasmadetodoit三、不定式的否定式三、不定式的否定式否定不定式时，否定副词否定不定式时，否定副词not或或never,seldom,hardly等要等要置于置于to前。前。如如:Shecheckedthenamessoasnottomakemistakes.四、注意不定式复合结构的用法四、注意不定式复合结构的用法句中不定式需要有逻辑主语时，常用句中不定式需要有逻辑主语时，常用for+名词名词(或代词宾或代词宾语语)+不定式，构成不定式的复合结构。不定式，构成不定式的复合结构。如：如：ItisveryimportantforustolearnEnglishwell.但某些形容词如但某些形容词如kind,clever,foolish,wise,nice,generous,silly,stupid等，等，是表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征的，常用是表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征的，常用of引导引导不定式的逻辑主语不定式的逻辑主语。如：。如：Itwaswiseofhimtodothat.五、不定式的主动式与被动式：五、不定式的主动式与被动式：句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语，不定式用主动式。如句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语，不定式用主动式。如：Ineedtobuyacomputer.句子的主语是不定式的逻句子的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语，不定式用被动式。如：辑宾语，不定式用被动式。如：Thefridgeneedstoberepaired.六、区分不定式小品词六、区分不定式小品词to和介词和介词to：1.下列下列to为不定的小品词，后接动词原形为不定的小品词，后接动词原形：beableto,beaboutto,haveto,oughtto,tooto,inorderto,soasto,usedto等。等。Yououghttofollowyourfathersadvice.2.下列下列to为介词，后接名词、代词或为介词，后接名词、代词或V-ing形式形式：payattentionto,lookforwardto,be/getusedto(习惯于习惯于),leadto,stickto,belongto,devoteoneselfto等。如：等。如：Imlookingforwardtoseeingyouagain.七、不定式的位置及与所修饰词之间的关系七、不定式的位置及与所修饰词之间的关系1.不定式作定语放在被修饰词之后不定式作定语放在被修饰词之后。如：。如：Iwanttohavesomethingtoread.2.不定式与被修饰词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，所以当不定式与被修饰词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，所以当不定式的动词是不及物动词或不定式的动词与其所修饰不定式的动词是不及物动词或不定式的动词与其所修饰的词之间构不成动宾关系时，其后需加一个适当的介词。的词之间构不成动宾关系时，其后需加一个适当的介词。如：如：Ineedapentowritewith.八、八、疑问词疑问词how,when,what,where,which以及以及whether与不定式连用，在句中作主语、表语或与不定式连用，在句中作主语、表语或宾语，其功能相当于名词性从句宾语，其功能相当于名词性从句。如：。如：Wheretogohasnotbeendecidedyet.（Whereweshallgohasnotbeendecidedyet.）九、九、有些动词有些动词(stop,forget,remember,regret,like等等)后接不定式或动名词时，意思差别很大后接不定式或动名词时，意思差别很大。如：。如：Imustremembertoposttheletter.我必须记着要发我必须记着要发信。信。(信还未寄出信还未寄出)Irememberpostingtheletter.我记得发了信了。我记得发了信了。(信已寄出信已寄出)Ilikeswimming.(喜欢游泳这项运动喜欢游泳这项运动)IliketoswimthisFriday.(喜欢在星期五去游泳这一具体动作喜欢在星期五去游泳这一具体动作)1.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier_itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake2.Iveworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_inmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects高考题汇集高考题汇集：3.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedC.havinginvented4.Allenhadtocallataxibecausetheboxwas_tocarryallthewayhome.A.muchtooheavyB.toomuchheavyC.heavytoomuchD.tooheavymuch5.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto6.LittleJimshouldlove_tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeB.C.beingtakenD.taking7.Therearefivepairs_,butImatalosswhichtobuy.A.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochooseD.forchoosing8._lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingsleep 9.Withalotofdifficultproblems_,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled10.Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasarole_inmakingtheearthabetterplacetolive.A.tohaveplayedB.toplayC.tobeplayedD.tobeplaying11.Inordertogainabiggershareintheinternationalmarket,manystateruncompaniesaretrying_theirproductsmorecompetitive.A.tomakeB.makingC.tohavemadeD.havingmade12.Theteacheraskedus_somuchnoise.A.dontmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake4.Mary is always the first student4.Mary is always the first student to answer the to answer the teacherteachers questions in class.s questions in class.A.rising B.to rise A.rising B.to rise C.rose D.risenC.rose D.risen5.5.Mum,why do you always ask me to eat an egg Mum,why do you always ask me to eat an egg every day?every day?-_ _enough protein and nutrition as you are enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.growing up.A.Get B.Getting C.To get D.To be A.Get B.Getting C.To get D.To be gettinggetting6.6.Would you be so kindWould you be so kind us out?-With us out?-With pleasure.pleasure.A.helping B.in helping C.help D.as to helpA.helping B.in helping C.help D.as to help7.Wet umbrellas are not allowedWet umbrellas are not allowed into this hotel into this hotel according to the rule.according to the rule.A.to be taken B.to take C.taken D.taking A.to be taken B.to take C.taken D.taking 8.Robert is said _ abroad,but I didn8.Robert is said _ abroad,but I didnt know what t know what country he studied in.country he studied in.A to have studied B to study A to have studied B to study C to be studying D to have been studying C to be studying D to have been studying9.In Australia he made a lot of friends9.In Australia he made a lot of friends _ _a very a very practical knowledge of English.practical knowledge of English.A.A.get B.getting C.to get D.got get B.getting C.to get D.gotEXERCISES1.Youhadbetter_yourhaircut.A.hadB.haveCtogetDtohave2We_putthemeetingoffforaweek.AcanaswellB.willaswellC.shallaswellD.mayaswell3He_liveinthecountrythaninthecity.AprefersBlikestoChadbetterD.wouldrather4Theboytoldhisfatherthathewouldrather_anastronaut.A.becomeB.tobecomeCbecomingDbecame5Pauldoesnthavetobemade_.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning6-Iusuallygotherebytrain.-Whynot_byboatforachange?A.totrygoingB.tryingtogoC.totryandgoD.trygoing7Hewantstodonothingbutout.togogogoinggoes8Hewantstobelieveanythingbut_themedicine.AtotakeBtakeCtakeDtakes9Comparedwithwomen.menalwaysprefer_athomeratherthan_somuchtimeshopping.Atofinish,tospendBtofinish,spendCfinish,spendDfinish,tospend巩固性练习巩固性练习1.Shecanthelp_thehousebecauseshesbusymakingacake.A.tocleanB.cleaningC.tobecleaningD.beingcleaned2Whileshopping,peoplesometimescanthelp_intobuyingsomethingtheydontreallyneed.A.topersuadeB.tobepersuadedC.persuadingD.beingpersuading3Weagreed_here,butsofarshehasntturnedupyet.A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet4-Youwerebraveenoughtoraisetheobjectionsatthemeeting.-Well,nowIregret_that.A.todoB.todoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone5LittleTomshouldlove_tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking6Ivegotaterribleheadache.Itried_somemedicine,butitdidnthelp.A.totakeB.havingtakenC.takingD.tohavetaken7-Wouldyoujoinustonight?-I_,butIhavetopreparefortomorrowstest.A.wouldlovesoB.wouldlovetoC.wouldloveitD.wouldlove8Iwouldlove_tothepartylastnight,butIhadtofinishextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone9heletmerepeathisinstructions_surethatIunderstoodwhatwas_afterhewentaway.A.tomake,tobedoneB.making,doingC.tomake,todoD.making,todo10-Youshouldhavethankedherbeforeyouleft.-Imeant_,butwhenIwasleaving,Icouldntfindheranywhere.A.todoB.toC.doingD.doingso11InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeans_foranotherhour.A.waitingB.towaitC.waitD.tobewaiting12Withalotofdifficultproblems_,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.steelingC.tosettleD.beingsettled13.Doletyourmotherknowallthetruth.Sheappears_everything.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentold14.Tofetchwaterbeforebreakfastseemedtobearule_.A.toneverbreakB.nevertobebrokenC.nevertohavebrokenD.nevertobebreaking15.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,but_itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake答案：答案：1.A2.D3.C4.D5.A6.C7.B8.B9.A10.B11.A12.C13.D14.B15.B练习：练习：1.Sarah,hurryup.Imafraidyouwouldnthavetimeto_beforetheparty.A.getchangedB.getchangeC.getchangingD.gettochange2.Myadvisorencouraged_asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.A.formetakingB.metakingC.formetotakeD.metotake3.Idontknowwhetheryouhappen_,butImgoingtostudyintheUSAthisSeptember.A.tobeheardB.tobehearingC.tohearD.tohaveheard4.Thefinalexaminationiscomingupsoon.Itstimeforusto_ourstudies.A.getdowntoB.getoutC.getbackforD.getover5.Thefluisbelieved_byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.A.causingB.beingcausedC.tobecausedD.tohavecaused6.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only_thefilmstarshadleft.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told7.Itseemsthathehasnopen_.A.towriteB.towritewithC.writingD.writingwith8.Shewilltelluswhyshefeelssostronglythateachofushasarole_inmakingtheearthabetterplacetolive.A.tohaveplayedB.toplayC.tobeplayedD.tobeplaying9.Theteacheraskedus_somuchnoise.A.dontmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake10.Thepatientwaswarned_oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating11.Weagree_herebutsofarshehasntturnedupyet.A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet12.Hurryup,heissure_forus.A.towaitB.tobewaitingC.waitingD.beingwaited13.Attheshopping-centre,hedidntknowwhat_and_withanemptybag.A.tobuy;leaveB.tobebought;leftC.tobuy;leftD.wastobuy;leave14.Shemadeacandle_uslight.A.giveB.gaveC.togiveD.given15.WhereshouldIsendmyform?ThePersonnelOfficeistheplace_.