雅思小作文修订.pptx

目录动态趋势图静态数据图静态数据图流程图和地图归纳总结第1页/共105页小作文基本信息字数：150字时间：17-20分钟为宜分值比重：占了作文分数的1/3类型：图表类作文第2页/共105页小作文类型线形图：line graph柱状图：bar chart饼图：pie chart表格：table流程图：flow chart地图：map第3页/共105页line graph第4页/共105页line graph第5页/共105页bar chart第6页/共105页bar chart第7页/共105页pie chart第8页/共105页pie chart第9页/共105页table第10页/共105页table第11页/共105页flow chart第12页/共105页map第13页/共105页主流题型线形图柱状图饼图表格第14页/共105页主流图形分类把上述4种图形可以总的分为2种：1 动态趋势图2 静态数据图区分标准：1 动态趋势图：多时间，上升下降，做纵向比较2 静态数据图：单时间，多和少，做横向比较第15页/共105页动态图中的线形图第16页/共105页上升（v）increaserisego upgrowjumpclimb第17页/共105页下降（v）decreasedeclinego downfalldrop第18页/共105页修饰上升下降（v）的变化幅度词（adv）轻微地slowlyslightlymarginally第19页/共105页变化幅度词（adv）平缓地steadilysmoothlygraduallymoderately第20页/共105页变化幅度词（adv）剧烈地significantlysharplydramaticallydrasticallysteeplysurprisinglystrikinglyhugely第21页/共105页几个特殊动词increase significantly=soarrocketsurge第22页/共105页上升(n)increaserisegrowth第23页/共105页下降（n）decreasedeclinefalldrop第24页/共105页修饰上升下降(n)的变化幅度词（adj）把刚才变化幅度词（adv）去掉ly，就成了形容词，除了下面三个词：dramatically-dramaticdrastically-drasticsteadily-steady第25页/共105页第26页/共105页到达顶点reach the peakpeak(v)注：达到底点 reach the bottom第27页/共105页波动性下降sth have/show a downward trendsth decrease with(minor)fluctuations注：波动性上升sth have/show an upward trendsth increase with(minor)fluctuations第28页/共105页保持不变keep/remain+unchangedstablesteadyconstant第29页/共105页带数据的介词第30页/共105页带数据的介词从到 fromtoeg:The sales of the computers increased slightly from 500 to 700.第31页/共105页带数据的介词表示“了”by比如：电脑销量轻微地上升了200台。The sales of computers increased slightly by 200.第32页/共105页带数据的介词表示某个时间点稳定的数据 at stand at比如：1990年的时候电脑的销量是500台。The sales of computers were/stood at 500 in 1990.比如：电脑的销量在2005年的时候以2100台的水平达到了顶点。The sales of the computers reached the peak at 2100 in 1990.第33页/共105页时间的表达第34页/共105页时间的表达1 在某个时间点in+年或月 in 2010 in the year of 2010 in Auguston+日 on 1stat+小时 at 10pm 第35页/共105页时间的表达2 从一个时间到另一个时间如:从1990年到1997年from 1990 to 1997第36页/共105页时间的表达3 在一个时间和另一个时间之间如：在1990年到1997年之间between 1990 and 1997第37页/共105页时间的表达4在某段之间里如：在1990年到1997年的7年之间during/over/throughout 7-year period between 1990 and 1997during/over/throughout 7-year period from 1990 to 1997第38页/共105页时间的表达5 自从since 直到until第39页/共105页动态图中必用的三大句型1 主题+变化（v）+变化幅度（adv）+数据+时间2 There be+a+变化幅度（adj）+变化（n）+in+主题+数据+时间3 时间+see/experience/witness/undergo+a+变化幅度（adj）+变化（n）+in+主题+数据 注：第三种句型也可以用主题做主语第40页/共105页第一部分The sales of the computers increased slowly from about 600 to 900 between 2001 and 2002.There was a marginal growth in the sales of the computers from 600 in 2001 to 900 in 2002.第41页/共105页第二部分The sales of the computers rose steadily by 500 in the following year.The following year saw/witnessed/experienced a steady increase to 1400.第42页/共105页第三部分The sales of computers went up dramatically since 2003,reaching the peak at 4000 in 2005.The sales of computers increased steeply to the peak at 4000 in 2005.第43页/共105页第四部分The sales of computers showed a downward trend,decreasing to 3000 in 2007.There was a downward trend in the sales of computers during the following two years,which decreased to 3000 in 2007.第44页/共105页第五部分The sales of the computers remained steady at 3000 in 2008.第45页/共105页第六部分The sales of computers declined dramatically to 1800 in 2009.第46页/共105页全段There was a slight growth in the sales of computers from 600 to 900 between 2001 and 2002,and they increased gradually to 1400 in the following year.Then they rose dramatically to the peak at 4000 in 2005.After that there was a downward trend in the sales,which decreased to 3000 in 2007.Before they decreased sharply to 1800 in 2009,they remained constant at 3000.第47页/共105页动态图中起点的写法第一种：直接带过法There was a slight growth in the sales of computers from 600 to 900 between 2001 and 2002,and they increased marginally to 1400 in the following year.第48页/共105页动态图中起点的写法第二种：起点单独介绍如果起点单独介绍又可以用2种手段a：用介词at带数据法b：用直接带数据法第49页/共105页a：用介词at带数据法写起点The sales of computers stood/were at 600 in the year of 2001.Beef was most popular in the year of 1979,for its consumption was at 200 grams per person per week.第50页/共105页b：用直接带数据法In 2001,600 computers were sold in that shop.About 7 million tonnes of CFC-11 were produced in the year of 1980.注：2种单独写起点的手法，后面可以直接跟上which从句第51页/共105页写顶点的方法第一种方法：用分词的方法The sales of computers went up dramatically since 2003,reaching the peak at 4000 in 2005.第二种方法：用which从句形式The sales of computers went up dramatically since 2003,which reached the peak at 4000 in 2005.第三种方法：直接法The sales of computers increased steeply to the peak at 4000 in 2005.第52页/共105页呈现出向上或向下趋势用了show/have a downward trend这个句型后发现数据比较难带，可以采用以下的办法：The sales of the computers showed a downward trend,decreasing/which decreased from XX to XX.第53页/共105页带数据方法的总结1 介词带数据法2 直接带数据法3 从句带数据法4 分词带数据法5 括号带数据法第54页/共105页动态小作文开头段The line graph/bar chart shows/illustrates/demonstrates/reveals/describe the changes/trends in+数据表现形式+数据表达对象+地点+时间。第55页/共105页The graph below shows the consumption of fish and some different kinds of meat in a European country between 1979 and 2004第56页/共105页静态图形的写作其实要写好静态图的一个关键步骤是如何加工数据。如果数据加工不好，会产生两个比较严重的问题，一是字数不够，二是感觉文章是数字的罗列。第57页/共105页加工数据的方法 数据加工一般可以有三种方法1 描写数据本身所传达给你的最直观信息2 进行各个项目之间的横向比较，这个是最重要的3 对数据进行一个模糊化表达第58页/共105页横向比较的方法所谓横向比较，就是两个或者多个不同事物在同一时间或者同一范围内的比较。在静态图的写作中极其重要。一般我们会有以下的8种方式进行横向比较。第59页/共105页第一种the popularity of different car color第60页/共105页第一种1 The most popular car color is white.在此基础上，我们可以用小括号带数据，定语从句，或者分词带入数据。The most popular color is white,1 which accounts for 56%2 accounting for 56%3(56%)第61页/共105页第一种2 在主系表结构中，还可以把主语和表语互换。White is the most popular car color.3 The highest percentage of the popularity of car color is white.greatest proportion largest 4 White has the largest percentage of all car colors.5 White has 56%of all the car color第62页/共105页第二种图中红色所占百分比仅此于白色，所以我们也可以说：A significant percentage of car color is redRed is substantially/considerably/significantly/much/far more common than blue.如果表示只多一点点，那么可以说：Sth is a little more common that sth.第63页/共105页第三种从数据的比较中，还可以考虑用分数的表达方式:Red has almost a third of the total number of different car colors.School A has almost a quarter students as school B.There is a quarter as many students in school A as in school B.第64页/共105页第四种与分词相类似的是倍数1 White is about twice as common as red.2 The number of students in school A is twice as many as that in school B.第65页/共105页第五种有时候比较的数量比较多，可以将其排序，尤其可用于饼图和表格图中。A is largest,followed by B.C comes next.D ranks fourth.E takes the fifth position.F lies last.第66页/共105页第六种两个被比较对象如果数量相同，也值得描述1 A and B both had 10%.2 A is exactly the same popular as B.3 A is same in size/popularity with B.第67页/共105页第七种两个比较数据数量接近，也要考虑1 School A has almost/nearly as many students as school B.2 School A has almost the same number of students as school B.3 The number of students in school A is similar with that in school B.4 School A come close to school B in the number of students.第68页/共105页第八种要是比较对象相差很悬殊的话The greatest difference is found in sp,where A,B,The main difference between A and B is that第69页/共105页The pie chart shows the total meat sold.第70页/共105页As can be seen in the pie chart,chicken,which makes up 40%,is the most popular among the total meat sold,then next is pork and it occupies 20%,followed by the beef,constituting 18%;and finally come lamb,fish and others,at 15%,5%and 2%respectively.第71页/共105页表格The table shows the female workforce and managers in 5 countries.第72页/共105页The table lists the percentage of the total workforce and the percentage of managers who are women in five countries.The Unite States has a roughly gender-balanced workforce:women make up about half the countrys working population(46%).Women in Australia and Japan have similar share of the countrys labor force(42%and 41%respectively).Next comes Sri Lanka with 37%of all workers being women.Finally,Egypt is where the most striking gender difference is found:there is only one women for every four men in the workplace.第73页/共105页Turning to employment at management levels,the United States and Australia have a similar percentage of managers who are women(43%and 41%respectively),which is only slightly lower than the corresponding percentage of women in the overall workforce.However,managerial positions in the other three countries are predominantly occupied by men,as women constitutes only 12%of all managers in both Egypt and Japan,and only 9%in Sri Lanka第74页/共105页 动静结合图第75页/共105页动静结合The charts below give information about USA marriage and divorce rates between 1970 and 2000,and the marital status of adults Americans in two of the years.第76页/共105页Numer of marriages and divorce in the USA 1970-2000第77页/共105页Marital status of adult Americans,1970 and 2000第78页/共105页In terms of the marital status of adults in America,it can be seen that the majority of Americans were married,for the percentage in 1970 was highest,accounting for 70%.Compared with that of married adults,the percentage of widowed adults was considerably lower,at 8%.But the percentage of both marital status showed a downward trend in the following 30 years,decreasing to 59%and 6%in 2000.第79页/共105页While about 15%of adults never married and only a tiny share of adults divorced(2%)in 1970.and the figues increased gradually to 20%and 8%respectively in the year of 2000.第80页/共105页流程图流程图注意事项：1 时态为一般现在时态2 尽可能多使用被动语态，以显示客观和正式3 分清楚图中基本上分几个步骤，把箭头变成相应的动词4 多使用表示顺序的连接词5 如有可能，多使用表示被动的分词，来代替被动语态第81页/共105页流程图流程图开头的写法The diagram shows the production of sth,and the whole procedure can be divided into(how many)stages.It works as follows.The following picture shows the structure of sth,and it mainly consist of(how many)parts.第82页/共105页流程图表示时间顺序的连词：首先in the first stagethe first stage is to do sththe first stage involves sthto begin with第83页/共105页流程图表示时间顺序的连词：其次after thisin the following stagethe second stage is to do sth第84页/共105页流程图表示时间顺序的连词：最后eventuallyin the last stage第85页/共105页流程图1The diagram below show the life cycle of this silkworm and the stages in the production of silk cloth.第86页/共105页流程图1第87页/共105页范文1The first diagram shows that there are four main stages in the life of the silkworth.First of all,egges are produced by the moth and it takes ten days for each egg to become a silkworm larva that feeds on mulberry leaves.This stage lasts for up to six weeks until the larva produces a cocoon of silk thread around itself.After a period of about three weeks,the adult moths eventually emerge from these cocoons and the life cycle begins again.第88页/共105页范文1The cocoons are the raw material used for the production of silk cloth.Once selected,they are boiled in water and the threads can be seperated in the unwinding stage.Each thread is between 300 and 900 meters long,which means they can be twisted together,dyed and then used to produce cloth in the weaving stage.Overall,the diagrams show that the coccon stage of the silkworm can be used to produce silk cloth through a very simple process.第89页/共105页流程图2The diagram below shows how to recycle organic waste to produce garden fertilizer.第90页/共105页范文2This series of five diagrams shows how three kinds of organic wastes are turned into a chemical mixture or fertilizer to be used for garden plants.A plastic container,two cubic meters in volume,stores these wastes.On its fours walls are three tires of vents for air coming in and going out.Waste food lies at the bottom of the container and piles up to 15cm in height.On its top is grass which is also 15cm in thickness.Then shredded newspaper are spread over.第91页/共105页范文2Nitrogen is poured in.Water is needed only when it is hot in weather.With the cover tightly closed on the container,the decomposition process of these organic wastes is starting under the effect of heat and vapor begins emitting out,too.The biogas arises continuously from the pile of wastes and releases out.After six months of fermentation all the wastes are finally converted into fertilizer.This illustrates a chain of chemical reactions than can be transform what are the wastes to something useful,even valuable.第92页/共105页流程图3The flow chart below shows the three stages of glass bottle recycling.第93页/共105页范文3This diagram illustrates the recycling process of glass bottles.The whole process is a cycle which can be divided into three main stages.In the first stage,used bottles are collected at a recycling point ready to be transported by a truck.The second stage first takes place in a cleaning plant,where these recycled bottles are sorted by color into green,brown and clear ones,and washed by high pressurised water.When this clean process finishes,the bottles are transported to a glass factory where they are cut into pieces which are then poured into a furnace.After being heated in the furnace,the molten glass,mixed with added glass liquid from other sources,flows into a glass mold.After the remolding process a new bottle emerges.第94页/共105页范文3In the final stage,new,empty bottles are filled with liquid,packed and despatched to the supermarket ready to be picked by consumers.At this point,a cycle has been completed and a new cycle will begin.第95页/共105页地图地图要注意是否有指南针，要是没有就按照上北下南，左西右东。第96页/共105页地图1The diagrams below show the development of the village of Kelsbey between 1780 and 2000.第97页/共105页范文1The three diagrams illustrate what the village of Kelsbey looked like in 1780,1860 and 2000.In 1780,Kelsbey had only 100 homes.But it had a large expanse of woods in the eastern part of the village and four plots of farmland in the middle,In the west there was a river running from north to south.The year 1860 saw a doubling of the number of homes.But the size of farmland and woods was reduced by half.In the same year,a bridge could be seen over the river and a road was constructed linking the river to the residences.140 years later,the number of homes more than doubled to 500,but farms and woods completely disappeared.Several school buildings and sports facilities were constructed at the south-eastern corner of the village,which were connected with the residential area in the north by a newly-built road.Some shops opened up along the river bank and a large stretch of wetland for birds was established at the southern end of the river.第98页/共105页地图2The map below is of the town of Garlsdon.A nee supermarket(S)is planed for the town.The map shows two possible sites for the supermarket.第99页/共105页地图2第100页/共105页范文2The map shows two proposed locations for a new supermarket for the town of Garlsdon.The first potential location(S1)is outside the town itself,and is sited just off the main road to the town of Hindon,lying 12 kms to the north-west.This site is in the countryside and so would be able to accommodate a lot of car parking.This would make it accessible to shoppers from both Hindon and Garlsdon who could travel by car.As it is also close to the railway line linking the towns to Cransdon(25 km to the south-east),a potentially large number of shoppers would also be able to travel by train.第101页/共105页范文2In contrast,the suggested location,S2,is right in the town centre,which would be good for local residents.Theorically the store could be accessed by road or rail from the surrounding towns,including Bransdon,but as the central area is a n