应用文高分写作拓展信息五大技巧讲义-高考英语写作高分策略.docx

应用文高分写作拓展信息五大技巧讲义应用文高分写作拓展信息五大技巧归纳应用文写作从内容上分解为主题引出、主题和拓展信息三大部分，在这三部分中，学生们最感到困难的是拓展信息部分，因为拓展信息部分要求根据写作要求从how（具体活动）、why（活动目的）和 what(活动效果）三方面进行对主题的拓展。学生们在进行这一部分写作的时候常常找不到写作的思路，不知道如何下手，下面笔者将使用以下五种不同写作微技巧方法来具体阐述，以期起到抛砖引玉的作用。一、排序法对于信息拓展部分是并列的活动介绍时，我们可以使用表示并列关系的连接词进行排序，如：First of all，besides, in addition, additionally, whats more, moreover, last but not least等表示并列关系的连词可以被使用，这个就是排序法。假定你是校排球队队长李华。请写封邮件告知你的队友Chris球队近期将参加比赛，内容包括：1比赛信息； 2赛前准备；3表达期待。注意：1词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear Chris,Are you excited about our coming volleyball game against Yucai Middle School next Friday? Here Id like to inform you of some detailed information so that you can make full preparations for it.First and foremost, the competition to be held in our school stadium will begin at 2 pm and last for roughly 3 hours. So significant is the game that it is required that everyone should present themselves punctually. Further, it is necessary for you to take a good rest, which will provide enough energy for you. To sum up, I wish you could live up to the expectations of our school. And I firmly believe hard work will pay off !Looking forward to our victory!Yours truly,Li Hua上面划线的first and foremost, further和to sum up就是排序法的常见连接词，它们的使用可以使应用文语篇的信息拓展部分层次清晰、结构严谨。二、两分法对于分析正反两方面的信息拓展内容，我们必须更加重视结构的层次性，此时必须使用表示反衬对比的连接词，如on the one hand, on the other hand, on the contrary, however, nevertheless等。这些连接词的使用可以使语篇结构一目了然。你校将举办英语演讲比赛。请你以Be smart online learners为题写一篇发言稿参赛，内容包括：1. 分析优势与不足；       2. 提出学习建议。注意：1. 词数100左右;           2. 题目和首句已为你写好。Be smart online learnersNetwork learning has increasingly become an important means for people to acquire knowledge and solve problems. But being smart online learners has its advantages and disadvantages.On the one hand, as smart online learners, we can make full use of the most extensive educational resources to broaden the horizon. Besides, we can take the initiative in our study by ourselves without time and space limit. On the other hand, there are some disadvantages as follows. Faced with all kinds of information on the internet, we cant tell the difference between the true and the false, which may be harmful to our study and life. In a word, online learning itself has some imperfections, making it difficult for us not to be affected.In conclusion, we should have a good understanding of its advantages and disadvantages and find a proper way to make our study more efficient.上面划线的连接词on the one hand, on the other hand和in a word就是体现两分法的经典连接词，体现了分分总的整体模式。三、反衬法反衬法与两分法的最大差别是两者的比重不一样，反衬法是两者中一项居于次要地位，只是为了衬托另外反面重要的一项，而两分法则不同，正反两项处于同等重要的地位。因而，两分法和反衬法所使用的连接词也不同，反衬法中常常会使用while, though, although, while, as连接的让步状语从句。假定你是李华，上周你与英国交换生Peter一起参加了“弘扬中国传统文化”校园活动。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：1. 回忆活动；2. 分享体会；3. 表达祝愿。注意：1. 词数80左右;      2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear Peter,Last weekend witnessed our unforgettable experience of attending the activity with the theme of promoting traditional Chinese culture.Although the wonderful performance of Peking Opera, the flexibility of Tai Chi as well as the vivid designs of paper cutting left a deep impression on me, what appealed to me most is our hands-on experience of paper cutting. I still remember the fish you cut. I think this activity is a great success, which provides us a platform where we can broaden our horizons and appreciate the profound Chinese culture.I hope you can have a better understanding of Chinese culture after this activity.Yours,Li Hua这里划线连词although使用反衬法，表示京剧表演、太极拳观赏和剪纸赏析虽然都很不错，但相比较，亲身体会剪纸实践更加让我喜欢。这种方式的信息拓展，使应用文写作具有层次性，建议同学们在写作类似作文时尝试使用反衬法。四、虚实法虚实法指的是表示同一内容，我们可以虚实相结合，虚线先笼统概括，然后再用实线具体写出细节内容，这样的手法在不少的应用文语篇中被广泛运用。假定你是校广播站英语节目“Talk and Talk”的负责人李华，请给外教Caroline写邮件邀请她做一次访谈。内容包括：1. 节目介绍；2. 访谈的时间和话题。注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Dear Caroline,Hearing that you are an expert in English study, Im hence writing to invite you to attend our program Talk and Talk.This is an amazing program where you can share your ideas with students. Since It was established ten years ago, it worked very well in our school. Now, when having trouble in learning English well, plenty of students urge to know how to deal with it. As our distinguished foreign language teacher, your aid can help us a lot. If you are available on this Sunday, I together with the whole Talk and Talk staff am waiting for your coming.Id appreciate it if you take my invitation into consideration.Yours,Li Hua第二段前面两句是虚写，用amazing, work very well等褒义词语笼统对这个项目进行正面的定位，而后面则是实写，具体讲述这个项目能够帮助学生的方面，也就是学生们在遇到英语学习的困难，许多学生都讨论如何处理这些困难。虚实结合，可以使应用文语篇结构清晰、层次分明，建议考生们在写作此类语篇时借鉴使用。五、比喻法比喻法指的是一种相当高级的信息拓展方式，它可以把拓展内容表达得非常具体化和形象化，适当在应用文写作中使用比喻法，可以起到事半功倍的效果。上周末你参加了校学生会组织的“认识我们身边的植物”活动。请为校英文报写篇报道，内容包括：1. 活动的过程；2. 收获与感想。注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。To let students get close to nature, the Student Union organized an activity "Getting to Know the Plants Around Us"last Sunday.At 8 oclock we gathered at the playground. Chairman of the Student Union delivered a speech calling on us to know and understand the plants around us. Then we began searching every corner for the plants on campus, discovering many plants that had not been noticed before. Admiring the plants there is really a feast for our eyes. We all enjoyed ourselves during the two-hour activity.Not only did we get close to nature, but also the activity aroused our love of nature. We look forward to participating in such activities again.第二段都在写活动的具体内容，但是如果只是讲述活动的过程，那么在行文上就会稍显枯燥呆板，但是如果加入粗体部分内容（欣赏那里的植物简直就是视觉上的盛宴），那么这样的信息拓展就会让应用文语篇增色不少，所以恰当使用比喻法也是使应用文涨分的妙招。学科网（北京）股份有限公司