高考英语语法定语从句运用分析讲义.docx

高中英语语法定语从句运用分析及巩固练习一、定语从句的构成：先行词（所修饰的名词）+关系代词/关系副词（从属连词）+从句二、定语从句的类型：根据从属连词的不同可以将定语从句分为三种类型：关系代词引导的定语从句，关系副词引导的定语从句，和as/which引导的非限制性定语从句。1. 关系代词引导的定语从句在这一类从句中需要注意的是关系代词在句子中所起的作用。首先，关系代词连接主句和从句；其次关系代词指代所修饰的先行词；最后关系代词往往在从句中做主语或者宾语，且做主语时关系代词不能省略，做宾语时可以省略。例1：He who laughs last laughs best. （笑到最后的人笑得最美。）分析：who引导定语从句修饰主句的主语he，且在从句中做主语，不能省略。例2：He is collecting authentic material which can prove his argument. （他正在收集确凿的证据以证明他的观点。）分析：that引导定语从句修饰名词material，且在从句中做主语，不能省略。例3：The house (which) we bought last month is very beautiful. （我们上周买的这套房子很漂亮。）分析：which引导定语从句修饰名词house，且在从句中做宾语，可以省略。例4：The girl whose mother is a doctor is waiting for you outside. （妈妈是个医生的那个女孩在外面等你。）分析：whose引导定语从句修饰表示人的名词the girl，且在从句中做主语，不可以省略。2. 关系副词引导的定语从句前三种关系副词在考研英语中出镜率比较高，最后一种不太常见，容易被考生忽略。关系副词在意义上常常相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。例1：The commentator must know the value of silence and how to use it at those moments when the pictures speak for themselves. (播音员必须懂得沉默的价值，懂得在画面不需要解释说明的时刻如何利用沉默。)分析：when引导定语从句修饰表示时间的名词moments，在从句中做时间状语。例2：When the work is well done, a climate of accident-free operation is established where time lose due to injuries is kept at a minimum. （工作完成后，一种无事故操作的环境被建立起来，在这种环境中，由于伤害造成的时间损失被保持在最低水平。）分析：where引导定语从句修饰表示场合的名词climate，在从句中做地点状语。例3：Do you know the reason why there are heat losses in a steam engine? （你知道蒸汽机中存在热损耗的原因吗？）分析：why引导定语从句修饰名词reason，在从句中做原因状语。例4：Teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. （按照传统，教书是许多知识分子借以谋生的手段。）3. as/which引导的非限制性定语从句As/which引导的非限制性定语从句不仅可以修饰某个词语，而且可以修饰整个主句。而as引导的从句位置灵活，既可以位于句首，也可以位于句尾或者句中。且有些表达已经固定下来，如as is known to all 众所周知；as is often the case 情况往往如此。相比而言，which的位置就比较受限制，通常位于句末。例1：Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry-William Shakespeare. (众所周知，艾文河畔的斯特拉特福镇，只有一种产业威廉.莎士比亚。)分析：as引导定语从句，使用了其固定表达。例2：She is quite considerate and kind, which her younger sister never is. (她非常善良、体贴，而她妹妹却从不这样。)分析：which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子。定语从句专项考点及答案在复合句中作定语，修饰主句中的某一名词或代词的从句，叫做定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词，位于从句之前。定语从句的基本结构为：先行词 + 关系代/副词  +  句子Do you know the boy who is wearing a blue jacket?The skirt that /which is made of silk is very expensive. I cant afford it.The number of the people who/that own cars is increasing.The house that(which、/) the famous person once lived in is very old now. 关系代词: that, which, who, whom, whose 关系副词: when, where, why.  a. that既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略；不引导非限定性定语从句There are lots of things _ I need to prepare before the trip. （10河北）  A. who    B. that    C. whom    D. whose(答案: B)b. which指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略.可引导非限定性定语从句。This is the dictionary _ Mum gave me for my birthday. (08河北)A. which    B. what   C. whose   D. whom(答案：A)Sorry, we dont have the coat _ you need. (09河北)A. what    B. who    C. whom    D. which(答案：D)c. who般指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略,（常用whom）Jamie is a young cook _ wants to improve school dinners. (10天津)A. who    B. whose    C. whom    D. which(答案：A)d. whose 作定语,表示所属关系。 I like the teacher _ classes are very interesting and creative. (09兰州)A. which   B. who   C. what    D. whose(答案：D)e. when 作时间状语:When =介词 + which She will never forget the day when (=on which) she was married.f. where 作地点状语  where  = 介词 + which  I want to know the place where (= in which) I was born.g. why 作原因状语, 其先行词常常是the reason. why = for which  That is the reason why(= for which) Im late. 定语从句专项练习（附答案）1.That is the only thing _ I bought from the supermarket.   A. which   B. that    C. what     D. where2.The place _ interested me most was the Childrens Palace.   A. which  B. where   C. what   D. in which3.The computer _ last week has gone wrong.   A. which I bought it      B. I bought     C. what I bought         D. I bought it4.That is the poor boy _ father died in a traffic accident last year.   A. who    B. whom    C. whose   D. which5.Do you know the girl _ is standing under the tree?  A. who     B. whom   C. which   D. where6.Is the woman _ talked to our teacher yesterday your mother?   A. who     B. whom   C. which    D. what7.The young lady _ we met yesterday is our new maths teacher.   A. what   B. whose    C. whom   D. which8.I like to live in a house _ is big and bright.   A. that     B. who      C. how     D. why9.I hate people _ talk much but do little.   A. whom   B. which    C. who    D. when10.I am one of the boys _never late for school.    A. that is   B. who are  C. who am  D. who is1-5 BABCA6-10 ACACB 学科网（北京）股份有限公司