高中英语语法专项讲义：名词性从句.docx

名词性从句主语从句一 由连词引导的主语从句1 主语从句可以用that引导，that只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分，本身无词义。That there will be a storm is quite possible，since the wind has changed.2 主语从句可以用连词whether（if）引导，它们只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分，解作“是否”。whether与if可以互换使用，但是whether可以与or连用，而if却不能与or连用。If they will be able to come is still a question.Whether he goes or stays is of no consequence to me.二 由连接代词引导的主语从句1 主语从句表示人时可以用连接代词who，whoever引导。Who did the work is unknown.Whoever does not agree can reserve his view.2 主语从句表示物时可以用连接代词what，whatever引导。What we said is of great importance.Whatever we do should be in keeping with the interests of the people.3 主语从句可以用连接代词which，whichever引导。Which plan is better is clear now.Whichever of you comes in first will receive a prize.三 由连接副词引导的主语从句1 主语从句表示时间时可以用连接副词when引导。When the meeting will take place has not been decided yet.2 主语从句表示地点时可以用连接副词where引导。Where we shall go to spend our summer holidays will be discussed at the next meeting.3 主语从句表示方式或者数量多少时可以用连接副词how，how much（many）引导。How the telephone was invented is a long story.How many people were present at the meeting is unknown to us.How much water can stay in the air depends upon the temperature of the air.4 主语从句表示原因时可以用连接副词why引导。Why he was late for class is unknown.四 含有先行词it的主语从句1 含主语从句的复合句中，如果主句的表语为名词a fact，a question，a good thing，good news或形容词necessary，important，certain，clear，possible，true，obvious，natural，well-known，strange，ridiculous，funny，remarkable，则主语从句可以置于句首（为了强调或者为了使句子平衡），也可以将形式主语it置于句首而将实际主语（即主语从句）置于句尾。这两种结构中，带形式主语it的结构更为常见，尤其是在口语中。It is a well-known fact that all matter is made up of atoms.It is still a question whether this material can be used in our factory.It is a good thing that you have come to join us in the discussion.It is good news that our team has won the championship.It is certain that they will help us.It is remarkable that a tablespoonful of soil can tell us so much about the structure and early history of the moon.2 含主语从句的复合句中，如果主句的谓语是由某些动词的被动式构成的，则必须用形式主语it置于句首，将实际主语（即主语从句）置于句尾，而不能将时主语从句置于句首。常用的这种句型有： It is said that（据说） It is reported that（据报道） It is recorded that（据记载） It is suggested that（有人建议） It must be pointed out that（必须指出） It should be noted that（应当注意） It has been proved that（业已证明） It has been found that（业已发现） It has been arranged that（已经安排） It will be seen that（可以看出） It is said that he is a miser. It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit. It is suggested that at the meeting that a committee of eleven be appointed to make a new constitution. It has been pointed out that their suggestion is reasonable to a certain degree. It must be noted that the current increases proportional to every decrease of resistance. It is estimated that a round-trip flight to Mars would take more than a year and a half.3 有些含主语从句的复合句，其句型本身要求形式主语it置于句首，实际主语（即主语从句）置于句尾。常用的这种句型有：It seems that（好像是） It happened that（碰巧）It turns out that（结果是） It follows that（因此，由此可见）It occurred to sb. that（某人想起了） It suddenly struck sb. that（某人突然想到）It goes without saying that（不言而喻）It is likely that（很可能）It is a pity that（可惜） It is no wonder that（难怪）It seems that he was late for the train.It happened that the harvest was bad that year.It turns out that he was never there.Because a man is rich，it does not follow that he is happy.It occurred to him that he had forgotten to take his notebook.It suddenly struck me that he was a murderer.It goes without saying that health is above wealth.It is likely that we will win.It is a pity that you cannot swim.It is no wonder that he has failed.如果含有主语从句的复合句是个疑问句，则必须用形式主语it的结构。 Is it announced when the plans are to take off？ Why is it that none of them has shown up yet？以what，whatever，whoever引导的主语从句不能用形式主语it的结构。 It is a pity （that） you missed such a good chance.表语从句一 由连词引导的表语从句1 表语从句可以用连词that引导，that只起连接作用，本身无词义。The trouble is that none of us know anything about chemistry. 引导表语从句的连词that在口语中有时可以省略，但是在正式文体中不省为好。 The truth is （that） we had a good time. 当主句中的主语是reason，cause或由why引导的主语从句时，表语从句要用that连接，而不能用because。 The reason for his success is that he worked hard. The cause of the fire is that he was careless. Why he was late for class is that his bike broke down on the way to the school.2 表语从句可以用连词whether引导。The question is whether he will be able to come.3 表语从句可以用连词because引导，但是通常只用在“It（That，This） is because”的句型中。Why did not you phone me last night？ It is because I did not want to disturb you.This is because carbon atoms have special properties.Larry is criticized too often by his friends. Yes，but that is because Larry also criticizes them.“It is not becausebut because”与“It is not thatbut that”意义相同，解作“不是因为，而是因为”。 It is not because I am not willing to do it but because I have no time. =It is not that I am not willing to do it but that I have no time.4 表语从句可以用连词as if（as though）引导，但是此时主句中的谓语常用系词look（看来，好像）。as if（as though）从句中的谓语如果表示真实情况用陈述语气，如果表示非真实情况用虚拟语气。You look as if you had seen a ghost.You look as though you know each other.二 由连接代词引导的表语从句1 表语从句可以用连接代词who引导。What we want to know is who broke the window.2 表语从句可以用连接代词which引导。What he wants to know is which way is the shortest one to the station.3 表语从句可以用连接代词what引导，此时what相当于the thing（s） which。This is exactly what I expected.这种what也可以引导宾语补足语从句。 You may call it what you like.由what引导的表语从句中，what有时指人，相当于the person（s） who。 He is no longer what he used to be.由what引导的表语从句中，what有时指物，相当于the thing which。 Four is to six what two is to three.如果what引导的从句放在主句之前，则主句须用倒装结构。What water is to fish，so is air to man.这种what引导的表语从句也可以用as引导的方式状语从句来替代，其语义不变，同样也可以将从句放在句首，主句用倒装结构放在句尾。Air is to man as water is to fish.As water is to fish，so is air to man.有时as也可以引导表语从句，此时as相当于the thing（s）which。Things are not always as they seem to be.三 由连接副词引导的表语从句1 表语从句表示地点时用连接副词where，表示时间时用连接副词when引导。This is where you are wrong.This question is when and where we shall do the experiment.2 表语从句表示原因时用连接副词why，表示方式时用连接副词how引导。That is why I am not in favor of the plan.The important thing is how we can work better.宾语从句一 由连词引导的宾语从句1 that引导，在口语中that可以省略。I do not think （that） he will have any objection to it.如果宾语从句前还有间接宾语或状语（to sb.），则该宾语从句的连词that常不省略。 Have you informed them that the reception is to be put off？ She explained to me that she had made the mistake chiefly out of carelessness.在动词think，consider，find，feel，make，take后面由that引导的宾语从句，如果后面还有宾语补足语，则通常用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句移到宾语补足语之后。 We all think it very important that theory should be combined with practice. I consider it a great privilege that I have been permitted to study here. She found it quite natural that she should help us. I feel it right that you should know. He made it quite clear that he would not change his mind. I took it for granted that he knew me.当主句的谓语动词为doubt时，如果是否定句和疑问句，则doubt后的宾语从句须用连词that；如果是肯定句，则用连词whether或者if。 No one doubts that it is true. Who doubts that it is true？ I doubted whether（或if） the story was true.2 宾语从句可以用连词whether（if）引导，解作“是否”。I am hesitating whether I should send him a telegram.I wonder if he can solve such a problem.wonder解作“想知道”时，后接whether；如果解作“对感到奇怪”，后接that。 I wonder that he was not caught by the police.有时whether从句用it来代替放在前面，将从句放在句尾。I leave it to your judgment whether you should do it.二 由连接代词引导的宾语从句1 宾语从句表示人时可以用who，whoever引导。Do you know who did all these things？Give it to whoever needs it.2 宾语从句可以用which，whichever引导。Tell me which is better.Take whichever you like best.3 宾语从句表示物时可以用what，whatever引导。I do not know what you mean.I will read whatever book you recommend.What用作关系形容词，既引导名词性从句，又用作从句中的定语，修饰后面的名词，解作“所有的”、“尽可能多的”。what复数时，相当于“as manyas”或者“thethat”；当what修饰不可数名词时，相当于“as muchas”或者“thethat”。 I will give you what books I possess. I will give you what help I can. What few friends I have here have been very kind to me. What little he said on this subject was full of wisdom.三 由连接副词引导的宾语从句1 宾语从句表示时间时用连接副词when，表示地点时用where引导。Have they informed you when they are to hold the meeting？Tom cannot remember where he left his watch.2 宾语从句表示方式或数量多少时用连接副词how或how much（many）引导，表示原因时用why引导。Can you tell me how I shall do the work？They have not decided how many tractors they should buy.Please tell me why the computer is so important in scientific research.四 介词后的宾语从句1 宾语从句除了作及物动词的宾语之外，还可以作介词的宾语。He only laughed at what we said.在某些句型中，宾语从句前的介词可以省略。 I have no idea （of） when she learnt about it.2 以that引导的宾语从句很少用作介词的宾语，只有在介词except，in，but，besides，save后才可以使用。Your thesis is quite all right except that the organization is a bit loose.I like the city，but I like the country better in that I have more friends in the country.He would have helped us but that he was short of money at the time.Besides that he explained the theory，he gave us several examples.We know nothing about him save that he was in the army during the war. 可以将in that，but that看作是连词，引导状语从句，前者解作“因为”，后者解作“要不是，若不”。五 形容词后的宾语从句1 表示喜怒哀乐、确信、惊奇、失望的形容词或过去分词作表语时，其后可以接宾语从句。能这样用的词常见的有：sorry，glad，afraid，content，sure，certain，confident，proud，anxious，determined，convinced，delighted，pleased，annoyed，satisfied，surprised，worried，ashamed，disappointed。 I am sorry that I have to cut you short.She is very glad that you are able to come.I am afraid that you are right.I am not sure whether I have met him before.I am not certain who he is.He is quite confident that he will pass the examination.He is proud that he is the champion.He is delighted that I succeed.She was not in the least annoyed that he criticized her before others. She was surprised how simple his problem was.I feel ashamed that I have done so little for the people.We were disappointed that you could not come.2 用作表语的形容词aware之后可以跟宾语从句。I was not aware that I was in danger.aware后的宾语从句如果以关系代词what（=that which）引导，则在aware后必须加上介词of。 He was not aware of what was going on around him.六 某些固定词组后的宾语从句某些固定词组后可以接宾语从句。这些词组有：make up ones mind，make sure（certain），take care，have an idea（认为，觉得），have no idea（没想到；不知道）。 She made up her mind that，come what may，she would stay there. I only came to make sure that everything was all right. Make certain that the doors are locked before you go out. Take care that you do not slip. I have an idea that he will come today. I had no idea that you were here.学科网（北京）股份有限公司