高中英语语法专项讲义：否定句.docx

否定句一 含not的否定句为了使句子或句子的某一部分具有否定的意思，可以用否定副词not，它可以与谓语连用，也可以与其他成分连用。 You should not be so silly. I can see you tomorrow，but not on Thursday or Friday.no也是否定副词，它既可以用作形容词，也可以用作副词。当no用作形容词时，相当于not a或者not any，解作“没有”、“决非”；当no用作副词时，常与形容词和副词的比较级连用，解作“并不”、“毫不”。 No cigarette is completely harmless. We went no farther than the bridge.否定词not用在think，suppose，believe，expect，fear，fancy，trust，hope，seem，appear，be，afraid，perhaps，probably，absolutely的后面，解作“不会”，代表否定的从句，也可以用在省略结构中，代替被省略的否定的句子或成分。Will they come tomorrow？ I suppose not.二 含有否定意义的副词的否定句当句中有否定意义的副词hardly，scarcely，seldom，rarely时，不能再加别的否定词。 She hardly ever eats bread or potatoes. He scarcely ever works. He is seldom at home. He is rarely at home. Johnny was barely able to walk without help because of the bad injury in his left leg.三 否定的转移当主句中的谓语动词是think，believe，suppose，imagine，feel，fancy，assume，expect，guess，reckon时，如果要否定其后的宾语从句的意思，通常要将这些动词变为否定式。 I do not think you are right. I do not believe she is at home，but I will go and see. I do not suppose anyone will object to the plan. I do not imagine he will do such a thing. I do not feel I can put up with it any longer. I do not expect she will come.若主句中的谓语动词是hope，则否定词not要加在宾语从句中。 I hope she will not come.当谓语动词seem和appear后接不定式时，若要表示否定的概念，not可加在谓语动词前，也可以加在不定式前，但是在正式文体中前者更为常用。 He does not seem to like you.有一些句子，在形式上是否定谓语，但是在意思上却是否定句中的状语或者状语从句。 He does not work every day，but every other day. The motor did not stop running because the fuel was finished.注意：在“notbecause”的句型中，有时可以有两种理解，既可以理解为修饰句中谓语，也可以理解为修饰because，究竟属于哪一种情况，要根据上下文来判断，但从修辞学来说，这种摸棱两可的句子最好不用，而改用其他句型。 I did not write that letter because of what you told me. （因为你跟我讲了，所以我没有写那封信。） （并不是因为你跟我讲了我才写那封信的。）四 部分否定和全部否定当all，both，every，everyone，everybody与not连用时，表示部分否定，解作“不都”、“并非都”。当not位于这些代词之前时，不会引起误解，因为这与汉语表达习惯一样。但是当not与谓语连用时，容易误解为完全否定，其实不是，若要表示完全否定，须用none，neither，nobody，nothing。 Not every man can be a poet. Not everybody thought this was a good thing. All these metals are not good conductors. Both of them are not useful. Every man is not perfect. Everyone cannot answer all the questions. Everybody cannot do it. Everything is not right. None of the boys were interested in this game. I like neither of the books. Nobody likes it. Nothing is ready. No man is perfect.学科网（北京）股份有限公司