主语-表语&同位语从句讲义-高三英语二轮复习.docx

主语从句一、 定义：在句子中作主语的从句叫做主语从句，按照引导词分为以下几种:连接词1、 that: 引导的从句一般位于句首，that在从句中不作任何成分，没有实际意义，只有连接作用。That he will come to the party has excited every one .有时用it作形式主语，把从句后置,常见的结构有：Its+形容词(obvious, true, surprising, good, wonderful, possible.)+that从句It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告诉她了。Its+名词词组(a fact, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise.)+that从句It's a pity that we can't go. 很遗憾我们不能去。It's an honour that our team win the game. 我们赢得这场比赛真荣幸。Its+过去分词(said, reported, expected, decided, announced.)+that从句It is said that Mr. green has arrived in beijing. 据说格林先生已经到了北京。It is reported that coral reefs are being destroyed.据报道珊瑚礁正遭受破坏。It+seems/happens等不及物动词+that从句。It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. Alice似乎不来参加晚会。It happened that I was out that day. 碰巧我那天外出了。2、if/whether: 表示是否，在从句中不作任何成分，whether引导从句时可位于句首句末，但是if引导从句时只能用it作形式主语，从句后置。Whether the work can be finished on time is doubtful.It is doubtful if/whether the work can be finished on time 连接代词&连接副词连接代词what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whichever等；连接副词when/where/why/how等，在从句充当一定的成分。Who will join us has not been decided 谁将加入我们还没被决定。What he likes most is playing computer games. 他最喜欢的是玩游戏。When the new road is open has not been decided.新道路什么时候开通还没决定。Whoever wants to success should work hard.无论是谁想成功必须努力工作。表语从句一、 定义：在句子中作表语的从句叫做主语从句，按照引导词分为以下几种:连接词1、that在从句中不作任何成分，只有连接作用。The fact is that he doesnt really try. The trouble is that I have lost his address. 2、 whether 是否（if不能引导表语从句）The question is whether the film is worth seeing.3、 as if/as though 好像，仿佛It looks as if it is going to rain. 4、 because 因为I am sleepy, and it is because I stayed up late last night.连接代词&连接副词连接代词what/who/whom/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whichever等；连接副词when/where/why/how等，在从句充当一定的成分。This is what I am interested in .The doubt is who has taken away the document. That was where we camped last time. The question is how we can do the work better. 注意点：1、当主句主语为reason时，表语从句引导词需要用that，而不是why/because.The reason for the accident is that the driver was drunk. 事故的原因是司机酒驾。2、 当主句主语是advice/suggestion/request/order等表示命令建议的名词时，从句的谓语常用：(should) +动词原形形式。My advice is that we (should) have a discussion about this matter. 同位语从句一、 定义：同位语从句时用以解释、说明某一名词的内容的从句，在句子的作用等同于前面的名词。可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，advice，hope，message，suggestion，words，possibility, decision等。连接词that 连接作用，没有实际意义The fact that some countries are still suffering poverty is really a big problem.whether “是否”（if不能引导同位语从句）There is some doubt whether he will come.连接代词&连接副词连接代词what/who/whom等（which不能引导同位语从句），在从句中充当一定成分。I have no idea what size shoes she wears.The question who will take his place is still not clear. 连接副词when/where/how/why等，在从句中充当一定成分。We havent yet settled the question where we are going to spend our vacation.The question why many people choose to live in the countryside is under discussion.判断技巧1、 判断从句所在位置：主语从句位于句首或者it作形式主语的句末；表语从句位于系动词后面；同位语位于常见的名词后面（news、idea等，起到解释说明作用）。2、 判断从句缺少的成分以及句子的意思：缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语，考虑连接代词；缺少状语，考虑连接副词；不缺少成分，考虑that/if/whether。习题1、 _ you come or not will not make any difference.A. Whether B. That C. If2、 It is said_ Mike will come tomorrow. A. whether B. that C. why3、 It is surprising _ my parents gave me such a good gift.A. that B. when C. if4、 _ will win first prize is uncertain.A. That B. Who C. Where5、 _ we will visit Shanghai makes me very happy.A. That B. Whether C. When6、 _ caused the accident remains unknown.A. Where B. When C. What7、 _ this happened is not clear to anyoneA. Who B. How C. What8、 _ dinosaurs died out remains a puzzle.A. Who B. What C. Why9、 The reason why he failed is _ he was too careless.A. that B. because C. when10、 I was late for class this morning. That is _ my bike broke down on the way to school.A. that B. because C. why11、 The trouble is _ I have lost his address.A. that B. when C. who12、 The question is _ we get there, 7:00 or 7:30.A. whether B. when C. who13、 It sounds _ you are from the south of the US.A. as if B. when C. who14、 _ wants to be a member of the team must obey the rules.A. Whenever B. Whoever C. What15、 Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That is _ I was born.”A. where B. when C. because16、 The fact _ she works hard is well known to us.A. that B. how C. whether17、 He kept his promise_ he would always do anything to make sure of her happinessA. that B. when C. whether18、I have small doubt _ he is suitable for the job.A. that B. who C. whether19、I have no idea _ he is doing now. A. that B. what C. when补充合适的引导词。1. He excitedly pulled hard at it, and _ he saw made him shout, “Wow! A big, shiny gold chain!” what2. Experts say that _ is needed is continuous attention and maintenance. what3. Problem is _ is to blame, parents, students or other members of society. who4. The idea _ humans own a deep biological need to connect with nature has been called “Biophilia” that5. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _one can be entirely free from dust. that6. The manager put forward a suggestion _ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do. that7.  _we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel. How8. Exactly_ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. when9. It is often the case_ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope. that10. The best moment for the football star was_ he scored the winning goal. when11. It suddenly occurred to him_ he had left his keys in the office. that12. We should consider the students request _ the school library provide more books on popular science. that13. Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday, but I have no idea _ he did it; thats one of his favorite universities. why14. _the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather. When15. There is no denying _ the best times in life are those stolen moments we spend with others. that学科网（北京）股份有限公司