高考英语语法专题复习——现在完成时.doc
高考英语语法专题复习现在完成时1.现在完成时的概念现在完成时指的是过去的动作或状态持续到了现在，对现在造成的影响，可能会持续发生下去。现在完成时的标志词主要有：already已经、yet尚未（放于否定句和一般疑问句句末）、before在之前、just刚刚和ever曾经；不断；总是。2. 现在完成时的动词过去分词的变化规则（1）直接加ed，如：worked,played；（2）以不发音的e结尾，直接加d，如：lived,tasted；（3）辅音+y结尾，去y改i+ed，如：studied,fried；（4）重读闭音节结尾，双写最后一个辅音字母+ed，如：stopped,planned；（5）以c结尾，变c为ck+ed，如：picnic-picnicked,traffic-trafficked；（6）不规则变化，如：bring-brought,cut-cut,drive-driven；3.现在完成时的句型结构（1）基本结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词（p.p）（V-ed）现在完成时的基本构成方式是用动词have加上过去分词。它是用来表达过去发生事情的另一种方式。He has lost his wallet.他的钱包丢了。She has had lunch，so she is not hungry now.她已经吃过午餐了。We have seen that film before.之前我们已经看过那部电影了。I have just finished my homework.我刚刚完成我的家庭作业。（2）肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词（p.p）（V-ed）+宾语（have/has done）例句：I have told her the truth.我已经告诉了她真相。I have found my schoolbag.我已经找到了我的书包。We've had too much rain this year.今年雨水太多。This man has done nothing wrong. 这位男子没有做过不正当的事。 He has done experiments complementary to those of Eigen. 他已经做了与艾根的实验互补的实验。 The news has done wonders for our morale. 这消息大大振奋了我们的士气。 （3）否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词（p.p）（V-ed）+宾语（have/has not done）例句：He hasnt told her the truth yet.他还没有告诉她真相。I haven't found my schoolbag.我还没有找到我的书包。You haven't chucked your job! 你还没有辞掉你的工作！ I haven't eaten since breakfast. 早饭以后我还没吃过东西呢。 We haven't got a television. 我们没有电视机。 （4）一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词（p.p）（V-ed）+宾语（Have/Has +主语+done+其它）例句：Have you told her the truth?你已经告诉她真相了吗？Have you ever been to China.你曾经去过中国吗？Have you asked everybody? 你每个人都问了吗？ Have you hurt yourself? 你伤着自己了吗？ （5）特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词（V-ed）+其他）（特殊疑问词+have/has +主语+done+其它 ）Why haven't I seen you all these months?我怎么这么多月没看见你呢？Why haven't you named any of your sons after yourself? 为什么你没用你名字给你儿子中的任何一个命名？ Why haven't big banks adopted the more secure technology? 为什么大银行没有采用更安全的技术呢？ 4.现在完成时中常用的时间状语（1）since和for +时间（since +具体时间/for+一段时间）；Mary has been married for six years.玛丽已经结婚6年了。The two presidents have met for three hours.两位总统会晤了3个小时。I haven't binged since 1986. 我从1986年以来从未放纵过自己。 We've lived here since 1994. 自1994年以来我们一直住在这里。 She's been off work since Tuesday. 星期二以来她一直没上班。 I have changed my address since last year.自去年以来我就换了地址。（2）so far和up to/till now，表示至今为止；It's been quiet so far. 到目前为止还是安静的。 So far eight workers have been killed. 到目前为止已有8名员工遇难。 Up to now,we have received no news from her.到现在为止，我们没有从她那里收到任何消息。I've survived till now, and will go on doing so without help from you.我一直努力活到了现在，而且没有你的帮助也能继续活下去。（3）in the past/last +时间，表示在过去的时间；Real wage costs have risen by 10% in the past year.在过去的一年里，实际工资成本增加了10%。He's had three accidents in the past fortnight. 在过去两周他出了三次事故。 The group has been notoriously fickle in the past. 这个团体在过去是出了名的善变。 Women have become more assertive in the past decade. 妇女在过去十年已变得更坚定自信。 （4）It is the first time that，表示次数；This is the first time that he has written in English.这是他第一次用英语写作。It is the first time that I have met my nephew. 这是我第一次见到我的侄子。 It is the first time that such a large group of illegals has been uncovered. 一下子揪出如此多的非法者，还是首次。 It is the first time that wrinkles have been linked with high-cholesterol levels. 这是首次将皱纹与高胆固醇联系起来。 （5）还有需要注意的是瞬间动词不能与“for+一段时间”连用，It has been+一段时间+since+瞬间动词。 Its been six years since we last saw each other, you know.要知道,我们六年没见面了。The benefit of this is it quickly shows how long it has been since you've gone to the gym. 这么做的好处是对于已经进行多长时间体育锻炼了，你可以一目了然。 （6）since+过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980，last month，half past six)。例如：I have been here since 1989.1989起，我一直在这儿。I haven't heard from her since last month. 从上月起我就没收到过她的信。 Helen worked at a nursery since last month. 海伦自上个月起就在一家托儿所工作了。 （7）since+一段时间+ago。例如：I have been here since five months ago.我在这儿，已经有五个月了。Since a long time ago, Halloween has been connected with the ghosts. 从很久以前，万圣节就与鬼联系在一起。
