动词填空方法讲义--高考英语专题复习.docx
谈谈动词填空的那些事众所周知,语法填空是高考英语的重要题型之一,动词填空又是语法填空题型考查的重点和热点,也是很多考生头疼的难点。现在我们讨论一下动词填空的解题步骤和注意事项。一、正确区分谓语动词和非谓语动词的方法1. 谓语动词的识别方法 因为谓语动词要承担时态、语态和语气的各种功能,所以我们应该首先从动词在句子中的形式入手来确定谓语。例1:2021年高考全国甲卷The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It _41_ (build) originally to protect the city _42_ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). It is possible _43_ (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.本题中红色的这些动词承担了现在和现在完成两种时态,因此是谓语动词。如果在谓语动词之前或之后的空格处提供了动词,我们需要仔细检查一下,它和谓语动词之间有没有表示并列或者转折的连接词(but,and) 等,如果空格处和谓语动词之间有连接词,这个空格的动词可能是并列谓语,需要根据谓语动词的形式以及它所承担的句法功能,选用适当的谓语动词形式。例如第41小题。如果在整个句子中找不到谓语动词,那么空格处提示词就是谓语动词。如果句中已经有谓语动词,并且它和提示词之间没有表示并列关系的连接词,就需要非谓语动词,比如第43小题,就要考虑使用非谓语动词形式。例2:2021年全国高考乙卷英语试题·Minimize the impact of _67_(visit)the place. ·Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices. ·Provide _68_(finance)aid and other benefits for local peoples. ·Make sure that the tourism provides experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity._69_(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim _70_(have) a low impact on the natural environment.空格67前面有谓语动词Minimize,并且它和空格处提示词visit之间没有表示并列的连接词,我们可以断定它是非谓语动词,作介词of的宾语。根据有关规定,介词后面表示动作意义的的动词作宾语时需要用动名词形式,故正确答案是visiting。 同理可以推断出空格70 前面aim 是谓语动词,与空格后面提示词have之间没有表示并列的连词,则说明have 是非谓语动词,根据固定句式aim to do sth ,确定答案为to have。 二、 空格处是谓语的解题方法 空格处如果是谓语动词,则需要根据动作发生的时间,主动还是被动、虚拟语气还是陈述语气以及主谓一致等因素来确定动词的形式。例1:The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It _41_ (build) originally to protect the city _42_ the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). 空格41前面的it是主语,指代上句的City Wall,是单数;空格处动词build 是谓语动词,并且和主语之间是被动关系;动作发生的时间是明朝,属于过去的范畴,综合考虑,应该是过去时态的被动语态。故答案为was built。例2:China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Change-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess - 61 (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. 通过分析,我们知道空格句的主语是嫦娥4号探测器,空格处提示词touch是谓语动词,两个破折号中间的文字是说明该探测器名字的来源的。时间状语是last week ,故该空格应该是过去式toughed。三、 空格处是非谓语的解题方法1. 非谓语动词作定语。 非谓语动词中定语,参照物是被修饰词。如果提示词用作定语,并且与被修饰词有主动关系,则考虑选ing 形式。如果是被动关系,则选过去分词形式。例如: Granddaughter Gayle Parks, 31-who works alongside her in the family business-said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said, “We dont have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call 68 (say)she was short-listed,We are so proud of her. Its 70 (wonder).” 考查非谓语动词作定语,say 与前面的名词call之间是主动关系,故答案为saying。 2. 非谓语动词作状语 非谓语动词作状语,参照物是句子的主语。如果提示词作状语,并且和句子的主语有主动关系,则需要使用现在分词;如果存在被动关系,需要使用过去分词。例1:On the last day of our week-long stay,we 69 (invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, 70 _ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals. 分析句子结构可知,空格69处是谓语动词,过去时态兼有被动含义,答案是were invited,空格70处提示词与invite之间没有并列连词,是非谓语动词,应该使用非谓语形式。因为提示词listen作状语 和主语we是主动关系,并且和and后面的meeting 是并列关系,故用现在分词。例2:_(follow) by a wedding photographer,the couple made a surprise visit to the hospital before heading to the reception.本题谓语动词是made,空格处动词follow与谓语动词made之间没有并列关系,据此断定它是非谓语动词作状语。因为提示词follow 与句子主语 the couple之间是被动关系,所以需要用过去分词followed。本文仅就非谓语动词作定语和状语两个方面谈了个人的看法,本人认为这两个方面是学生困惑最大,出错率最高的,也是考查的热点和重点。非谓语动词还可以作主语、宾语、表语和宾补等,而且作状语、定语和宾补时还有一些固定句型。非谓语动词中不定式的用法也经常考查,主要是关于不定式作目的状语,作宾语以及形式主语等,这些用法对学生来说,已经不是难点,在这里不再赘述。学科网(北京)股份有限公司