语法讲义：主谓一致therebe倒装句强调句用法考点总结--高考英语语法微专题二轮复习.docx

高考英语微专题 二轮复习讲义高中英语语法主谓一致 there be 倒装句 强调句用法考点总结 讲义主谓一致主谓一致指主语和谓语之间在“人称”和“数”的方面保持一致主谓一致在不同的情况下，原则各不相同，通常有三种形式：语法一致、意义一致、就近一致语法一致主语是单数，谓语也采取单数形式，主语是复数，谓语也采取复数形式This desk is a genuine antique.这个桌子是一个名副其实的古董。Both parties have their own advantages.双方都有各自的优势。不定式、动名词以及从句作主语时应该看作单数，谓语动词用单数Reading books is a very good way to study.读书是学习的好方法。To do this kind of things requires courage.做这种事情需要勇气。What you have done has been seen.你所做的已经被看到了。不定代词one、every、each、everybody、everyone、one of、no one、nothing、nobody、somebody、either、neither、many a 等作主语或修饰主语时看作单数，谓语动词用单数Neither of them is guilty.他们两人都无罪。Every boy and girl shows great interest in English.每个男孩和女孩对英语表现出很大的兴趣。表示国家、机构、事件、作品等专有名词作主语时应看作单数，谓语动词用单数Gone with the Wind is a good book known to lovers of English.飘是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书。China plays an important role in the international affairs.中国在国际事务中起着重要作用。由some、several、both、few、many、a number of等修饰主语，看作复数，谓语动词用复数。Both of us are basketball players.我们两个都是篮球运动员。Some people are playing volleyball and some are lying in the sun.有些人打排球，有些人躺着晒太阳。考点练习One-third of area     covered with green trees. About seventy percent of the trees      been planted.A. are; have  B. is; has  C. is; haveD. are; has答案及解析：C 考查主谓一致，“地区”作主语，不管前面的修饰定语是什么，均为单数；后半句主语是“trees”，复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数。There be句型There be 结构在英语中是一种特殊的句式表示“在什么地方或时间存在（发生）什么事”常用“there be+名词+地点/时间状语”的结构Be应与它后面的主语保持一致，如果出现并列主语，遵循“就近原则”There is a pen and some pencils in the pencil-box.在文具盒里面有一支钢笔和一些铅笔。结构肯定结构there be 句型的肯定结构表示“某处存在某物或某人”There are some ducks on the lake.瓶子里面有一些果汁。否定结构there be 句型的否定结构是在谓语动词be的后面加not或no。There are no books on the desk.桌子上没有书。疑问结构there和be倒装。Are there any people in the room？房间里面有人吗？时态一般过去时：there was/were一般现在时：there is/are一般将来时：there will beThere will be (=There is going to be ) a show on Wednesday.过去将来时：there would beThere would be a magic show at the theatre on Sunday。现在完成时：there has/have beenThere have been lots of accidents round here.这里已经发生多起事故了。拓展用法There is no use +动名词 意为“无用”There is no use waiting any longer.再等下午是没有用的。There is nothing morethan 意为“再不过了”There is nothing more than dangerous than an illusion of security.太平无事的幻觉是再危险不过的了。There is a possibility of (或that) 意为“是有可能的”There is a possibility that I may be able to go to Australia.我去澳大利亚是有可能的。考点练习There       an English Evening next Tuesday Awas Bwill be Cwill have Dare going to be答案及解析：B 本题考查there be固定句型，根据next Tuesday 知道本题用一般将来时，there be 的将来时是there will be。倒装句部分倒装部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词放至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添助动词do、does或did，并将其置于主语之前。Never have I watched such a moving film.我从未看过如此感人的一部电影。Hardly had I gone out of the school when I met my father.我刚走出学校，就遇见了我爸爸。Only in this way can the experiment succeed. (状语从句置于句首，句子用部分倒装)唯有这样做，实验才能成功。完全倒装完全倒装是指将句子的谓语动词全部置于主语之前，一般用于一般现在时和一般过去时。Here is your pen.你的笔。Then came the bus.公交车来了。祈使句倒装Long live the Peoples Republic of China中华人民共和国万岁May you succeed！祝你成功。考点练习Not until I began to work      how much time I had wasted.A. didnt realize   B. did I realize   C. I didnt realize  D. I realized.答案及解析：B 本题考查倒装句，not until +倒装部分+did +主句部分。强调句强调句型的基本结构it +be+被强调股份+that+句子其他部分如果要强调谓语动词，则用助动词do/does/did在强调句型中，无论被强调的是人是物，单数还是复数。Be动词一律用单数is/was形式It was Teacher Li that(who) sent me the letter.（强调主语）给我寄信的正是李老师。It is the book they talked about the day yesterday.（强调宾语）这就是他们昨天讨论的那本书。It was on Monday morning that all this happened.（强调状语）所有这一切都是发生在星期一早上。It is only when one is ill that one realizes the importance of exercise.（强调状语）人们只有在生病时才意识到锻炼的重要性。强调句的特征就是如果把“itbethat”从句中划去，所剩也刚好是一个完整的句子陈述句的强调句型Its Tony who left the keys.是托尼昨天丢失了钥匙。一般疑问句的强调句型Is/was it +被强调部分+that/who+其他Was it Tom that finished the job。完成工作的是吉姆吗？特殊疑问句的强调句型被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+is/was+it+that/who+其他部分When was it that you were born?你是什么时候出生的？Notuntil句型的强调It is/was not until +被强调部分+that+其他部分It was not until his mother came home that he went to bed.直到他妈妈回来，他才去睡觉。考点练习Was it on a lonely island       he was saved several years after the boat went down?A. where     B .that     C. which    D. what答案及解析:B 本题考查强调句，一般疑问句的强调句型为:was it+被强调部分（on a lonely island）+that+其他，和题目对比之后，缺少that。学科网（北京）股份有限公司