【新教材新高考】考点1 阅读理解— 高考英语一轮复习考点易错题提升练.docx

【新教材新高考】考点1 阅读理解2022届高考英语一轮复习考点易错题提升练解题技巧1. 细节理解题（1）题干定位，按图索骥。细心审题，直接就题找答案。先看文章后面的问题，注意题干中的关键词，如：人物、时间和事件等，做到有的放矢。根据题干中的标志性词语定位到原文，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，找到与原文相符的选项，确定正确答案。快速寻找信息点的策略一般适用于做功能型阅读题，主要形式有广告、公告、演出信息、航班时间表等。做这类题时，没有必要阅读全文，宜采用“题干定位法”解题。（2）语义转换，变通理解。变通理解，间接转述找答案。有些细节题主要考查对某句话或某几句话的理解，很少直接用原文中的句子进行考查，题干通常会对这些句子进行语义转换，包括同义转换、概念解析、归纳事实等。如：同义改写：题干将原文中的词或短语换成另外的词或短语，词性和结构不变，意义相近。转变词性与结构：题干关键信息并不一定与原文中相关信息一致，而是作了一定的转化。如将名词词组转化为意义相近的动词或形容词等。（3）查读分析，多点归纳。多点归纳，综合事实找答案。此方法适用于离散型细节理解题或数字计算题。根据题干要求，迅速找到与之相关的事实或数据，对其进行分析整合，得出正确答案。文章中的数字、日期、时间都是设题的重点，此类题目的答案很少是文章中直接出现的数字或日期，通常需要作简单的计算。图文转换类的题，即根据短文描述确定相应图形，或根据图形选出相应的文字答案。此类题可采用“文字锁定法”解题，即找出描述图形的句段，按“文”索“图”，这样，便可迅速地锁定对应图形。2.主旨大意题（1）学会寻找主题句主题句所在的位置一般有四种情况：一是文首。有些文章先提出主题，接着围绕主题展开叙述。二是文末。有些文章在表述细节后，归纳要点，概括主题。此类文章往往以列举事实开头，最后归纳主题。三是文首和文末。有时为突出主题，作者会先点明主题，结尾时再次强调，但前后表述的句子不是简单的重复，后面的表述往往是对主题的进一步延伸和深化。四是文中。通常前面只提出问题，文章的主题由陈述的细节引出，而后又对其进行学会寻找主题句一步的阐释。（2）学会归纳概括在没有明确的主题句时，考生必须根据文中所提供的事实和细节，进行全面考虑、综合分析，归纳出文章的主题。要灵活运用跳读、略读等技巧进行阅读，在这个过程中注意每段的段首和段尾，同时，还可利用信息词、标志词等提示进行概括。（3）学会分析选项在做主旨大意题时，考生不仅可以从文章出发概括出主题，也可以从选项反推出主题。要多注意选项之间的比对。3.推理判断题（1）忠实原文要注意一定要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知，遵循“词不离句，句不离段，段不离篇”的原则。千万不能主观臆断、凭空想象，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。（2）吃透文章要吃透文章，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。考生可以根据文章中所阐述的细节，再结合自己所掌握的基础知识、有关背景知识或常识来进行分析、推断，从而得出符合文章原意的结论。（3）深层挖掘要对文字的深层含义进行挖掘，由表及里，由浅入深，通过分析、判断进行合乎逻辑的推理。（4）理清思路要把握文中句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构，同时还要把握文章的基调，揣摩作者的态度，理清思路，悟出作者的言外之意。4.词义猜测题（1）利用构词法猜词义构词法是英语单词形成的主要途径，根据构词法猜测词义一般比较接近单词的真实意思，准确度比较高。（2）利用语法关系猜词义利用语法关系猜测词义指利用语言表述中的举例子、下定义、同位语、标点符号、定语从句等进行词义猜测的方法。（3）利用逻辑关系猜词义语言表达总是按照一定的逻辑关系展开的，根据语言的内在逻辑关系往往可以粗略地推断出词义或大致义域。对我们猜测词义具有较大帮助的逻辑关系通常有并列、转折、因果等。（4）利用上下文语境猜词义在文章中，任何一个单词都不是孤立存在的，它总会和其他单词产生联系，通过这些联系可以猜测出单词或短语在文中的意思，尤其是代词的指代含义。（5）利用生活常识和文化背景知识猜词义一、    There's more evidence that what's good for your heart is good for your head. A new study shows that people who run, swim or do other moderate intensity(中等强度) exercise have brains that look, on average, 10 years younger than the brains of couch potatoes.    "Our study showed that for older people, getting moderate intensity exercise may be protective, helping them keep their brains work better," said Dr. Clinton Wright of the University of Miami, who led the study. But it's not necessarily easy. Walking, golf, bowling and yoga don't count, and people need to start before they begin showing memory loss, Wright's team reported in the journal Neurology.    The study of nearly 900 people who exercise regularly showed that 90 percent fell into the low-intensity group. These people are part of a larger group taking part in a bigger study called Northern Manhattan Study. They were asked how long and how often they exercised during the past two weeks. Five years later, they were tested for memory and thinking skills and got a brain MRI. Seven years after that, they took the memory and thinking tests again. The 10 percent who said they took part in moderate intensity exercise scored better on the tests. These included running, climbing, swimming, riding bicycles and so on.    "We found that those with moderate intensity activity had higher scores and slower decline than inactive people when comparing the results," the study team wrote.    Many studies have shown that exercise may not prevent Alzheimer's disease but may delay it. The findings fit in with a study that found two years of exercising, eating healthier food and brain training can promote people's memory function.1.What's true about the study?A.Most people surveyed took low-intensity exercise.B.Only 900 people took part in the bigger study.C.High-intensity exercise is better.D.Ten people scored best on the tests.2.How did the study team come to the conclusion?A.By observing people exercise.B.By using examples.C.By making a comparison.D.By doing a brain MRI.3.What do we know from the last paragraph?A.Exercise will definitely strengthen people's memory.B.Alzheimer's disease may be held back by moderate intensity exercise.C.Exercise can put off the beginning of memory decline.D.The findings fit in with the study of healthy food.4.What's the best title for this passage?A.How to keep healthy.B.Ways to make your brain work better.C.To exercise or not.D.Moderate intensity exercise keeps your brain younger.二、   On a clear night in 1994, an earthquake hit Los Angeles and caused a city-wide power cut just before dawn. Awake in surprise, some residents who had escaped outside called various emergency centers to report a mysterious cloud over head.    That unusual object turned out to be the hand of the Milky Way, which had long been unclear because of the city's lights.    Arguably, the light bulb is the most transformative invention humans have introduced to this planet. By pressing a switch or pushing a button, we can lift the veil(面纱) that would naturally cover our lives each night. Now, we work long after the sun sinks below the horizon. We play games outside far into the night. We more safely wander around city streets after dark.    But if light bulbs have a dark side, it's they that have stolen the night. The extra light brightening our environments is endangering ecosystems by harming animals whose life cycles depend on the dark. We're endangering ourselves by changing the biochemical rhythms that normally go and flow with natural light levels. And in a basic sense, we've lost our connection to night skies, on the basis of which our ancestors made up their star-related stories, timed the planting and harvesting of crops, and inferred the physical laws governing the universe.    "The disappearance of the night sky is tied up with our ever more fast-paced world," says Amanda Gormley of the Tucson-based International Dark-Sky Association. "We lose something vital; we lose a part of ourselves when we lose access to the night sky. We lose that sense of stillness that should be right over our heads every night."    Now, as the consequences of light pollution arise out of the shadows and into the spotlight, cities, regulatory agencies, and conservation groups are seeking solutions. And in some areas, lots of improvements are already in place.1. Why is the earthquake hitting Los Angeles mentioned?A. To witness its serious damage.B. To lead in the topic of the text.C. To state its influence on the city.D. To tell background of the text.2. What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?A. Dark nights.B. Endangered ecosystems.C. Light pollution.D. Brightened environments.3. How does the author sound in the last paragraph?A. Hopeful.B. ConcernedC. DoubtfulD. Academic.4. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Bulbs: A Revolutionary Invention To HumansB. Conflict: A World With Light And StillnessC. Earth Is Paying The Price For Brighter NightsD. The World Cannot Go Without The Night Sky三、    If you asked me to dance, I'd probably freeze on the spot and some people say I have two left feet! But with some persuasion and Dutch courage I can be tempted to step on the dance floor and shake some moves  and that, apparently, is only natural.    Experts have found as well as being fun, dancing might have helped us to survive as a species. Evolutionary anthropologist(人类学家) Bronwyn Tarr from the University of Oxford believes that dancing alone is one thing but it's dancing as a group that makes our brain reward us with a cocktail of feel-good hormones that change how we feel about ourselves and those around us. This is likely to lead to profound social effects. It's keeping paces with others that makes us happy. Bronwy Tarr says, "Dancing fosters social closeness between people. It helps us build social connections and communities. In our past, those social connections could have been critical for surviving."    Dance is also a good way to keep fit and improve our mental health. In Wales there have been calls for doctors to prescribe dance classes for people who are unwell. The Arts Council of Wales claims there are many health benefits. And Bronwyn Tarr says, "More and more we're actually discovering that your life expectancy is predicted by the social connections that you have.Still today it's something we should do more."    It could be part of being a conservative Englishman that makes me a reluctant dancer. Look at other nationalities such as Cuba where dancing is at the heart of their cultural identity. And in Brazil at carnival time, people let their hair down by dancing together day and night. They seem to be having a good time so maybe I should get on my feet and dance!1. What does the author imply in the first paragraph?A. He doesn't like dances.B. He does not dance well.C. He lacks confidence in dance.D. He does everything out of nature.2. What can be inferred from Tarr's words in Paragraph 2?A. Dancing alone doesn't benefit at all.B. Dancing with others helps people survive.C. It is funny to keep paces with other people.D. It matters most to dance on social occasions.3. How does the author feel about dancing in the last paragraph?A. Positive.B. Negative.C. Unclear.D. Objective.4. Which is the best title for the text?A. What makes you a real dancer?B. What can dances bring us?C. Why do people love to dance?D. How can we dance well?四、    One thing in which I think I take too much pride, at times, is my academic performance. In the past, I managed to get grades on exams that were unbelievable, even to myself, for the amount of study I had done. The exam may have just happened to ask the questions to which I knew the answers, even though there were many possible questions that would have stumped me.    I've always done well in mathematics, but a few times, I had to step back and take a second look at how much pride I had taken in my ability. Upon receiving the score for my second exam in MATH170, I was rather disturbed. My score was 79%. I had planned to use my math courses to balance the grades I might get in my English and writing courses, so that the score was acceptable. It got worse still. In Statistics and Calculus, I received failing grades on homework assignments. Every time I got these bad grades, I felt the same. I started to think that maybe I really couldn't do these things. After giving an honest effort, however, I did better.    The thing in which I haven't had enough pride is my worth as a person with whom people like to associate. I give up opportunities to socialize because I don't think anyone will want to talk to me. Because of this trait of mine, I have very few friends. Perhaps spending the majority of my time alone isn't bad; it is what I'm used to, but I bet that by living a life of partial seclusion(隐居), I miss out on interesting and amusing life experiences that could be beneficial.    I have illustrated how the extremes of pride can be harmful. In my case, too much pride in academic ability can lead to failing grades, and not enough pride in oneself as a social individual can lead to a lonelier life. A moderate amount of pride leads to a clear view of life, allowing one to make good decisions regarding it.1. Why did the author think he could get good grades in the past?A. Because of hard work.B. Because of much pride.C. Because of good luck.D. Because of high intelligence.2. How did the author feel after exam failures?A. A little ashamed.B. Less confident.C. Less determined.D. A little grateful.3. What is the author's attitude to spending most of his time alone?A. Carefree.B. Tolerant.C. Regretful.D. Positive.4. Which is the best title for the text?A. Avoid being too proudB. Change the poor characterC. Correct the bad behaviorD. Balance the pride degree五、   Worried about the effect reality TV is having on your child? You aren't being overprotective  there's increasing evidence that these programmes can have a big impact on young people.    When our children are young, we tend to give careful thought to how much TV they've watching and whether or not it's good for them. But as they grow up, most parents let their kids make more independent choices about their viewing.    However, if you've got children, you may want to stay attentive. Research indicates that some reality TV shows can be damaging to teenage girls as too many cartoons to kids perhaps even worse.    The truth is that reality TV is anything but reality, but that's not necessarily what our children believe. A study for the Girl Scout Research Institute in the US found that eight out of ten girls aged between 11 and 17 who regularly watch reality shows believe these programmes describe real life.    In fact, much of reality TV is a heavily manipulated(操控) view of what's really happening, and the worst of it strengthens the sort of female stereotypes(刻板印象) women have spent decades trying to remove.    Many of the women on reality TV shows are acting out lives as teenage mothers or drama queens. Strong, hardworking and purposeful young women with ambitions beyond their looks are rare in these programmes. There's a widespread emphasis on the value of women being about how they look and dress, which gives young viewers the message that being a woman is all about style and appearance, but not what you do or stand for.     Cultural critic and writer Jennifer Pozner describes reality TV as "the contemporary backlash(抵制) against feminism". Imran Siddiquee, Director of Social Media and Outreach at Miss Representation, is concerned that these programmes show the worst stereotypes of womanhood and "normalize" them in what appear to be everyday settings. "They offer such a limited view of what it is to be a woman, and all over the world young girls are addicted to it," he says.    Siddiquee does recognize, however, that many girls themselves value reality TV. Some say it encourages them to think about situations different from their own. They also point out that some shows feature women running their own successful businesses.    "It's important to acknowledge that there are some useful elements in reality TV," Siddiquee says. "But many girls need to be inspired to think more critically about some aspects of these shows so they're not manipulated by them and their behavior doesn't change because of them."    We should encourage our children to be critical thinkers and help them develop their media literacy. Whether reality TV is changing our children's views, or whether they are attracted to programmes that agree with their beliefs, it's vital that we recognize their viewing habits could strengthen these unbalanced ideals.1. Who are likely to be the prime victims of reality TV shows?A. Small children.B. Teenage girls.C. New parents.D. Random audience.2. What is the problem with a reality TV show?A. It is too true to life for viewers to believe in.B. Actors in them lack a sense of innovation.C. Its contents and vi