备战中考英语阅读理解热点话题体裁分类训练专题01碳中和碳达峰.doc

广东广州市备战中考英语阅读理解热点话题+体裁分类训练专题01 碳中和/碳达峰(中考真题+各地模拟题)Passage 1（2021·浙江台州·中考真题） The Youth Climate Summit (气候峰会) a week-long festival of climate action for primary and middle schools in the UK, starts on 9 November. It aims to create a fairer, more environmental world and make promises that will help the planet. Climate change is the long-term changes in the worlds weather patterns that are mostly caused by human activity. “Unlike world leaders,” say the summits organizers, “young people are refusing to let it drop off the plan.”Each day has a topic, which includes food and fashion, looking at how humans harm the environment and how to save the planet. Organizations are leading some on line activities. For example, the Marine Conservation Society is hosting meetings on protecting sea fish. Separately, the environmental organization Greenpeace is running a workshop on how to turn worn-out clothing into something new and wearable. The summit will finish on 13 November, when youth ambassadors (大使) wants schools to stop paper waste. Max, another 16-year-old ambassador wants schools to organize more trips and activities that get students outside to experience the beauty of nature. As part of the summit, hundreds of schools across the country are signing up to the Lets Go Zero activity, aiming to become carbon-zero (零碳的) by 2030. Carbon-zero schools are ones that promise to stop emitting carbon in seven areas, including where they get their food and how they use water and recycle their waste. The activity is run by Ashden, a charity working towards climate solutions. Ashden hopes that schools will be able to help each other by sharing ideas and methods. It is also calling on the Government to back the promise. Head over to transform-our-world.org where you can find out more.1The writer develops the first sentence in Paragraph 2 mainly by _.Atelling storiesBcomparing factsCgiving examplesDlisting numbers2Max advises schools to _.Arecycle and reuse old clothesBprevent students from wasting paperChave meetings on saving endangered sea fishDprovide more chances for students to enjoy the nature3The underlined word "emitting" in Paragraph 4 is the closest in meaning to “_”.Ausing upBtaking inCsending outDcutting down4The purpose of the passage is mainly to _.Aexplain the problems with climate changeBdevelop childrens ability to solve social problemsCintroduce the environmental organizations to schoolsDencourage young people to care more about climate changePassage （2021·浙江·杭州市采荷中学三模） If you want your children to grow up to be friendly to the environment, you have to start teaching them while they are young. The Internet can be a great tool for teaching your kids more about the environment and recycling. What are the best recycling websites for kids? Here they are.Website 1: www. kidsplanet.orgThis site has many great games for kids on the web of life, facts on different animals, and they provide excellent information on what kids can do to help protect their own environment. They even have their own Wildlife Adoption Center on the site.Website 2: www. kidsface.orgThis site is to provide information to kids on the environment and to encourage them to work on improving the world around them. It provides information on how they can work in their own community and how they can work on recycling.Website 3: www. epa. gov/students/This is the official site of the EP in the United States. They include many great stories, games, and pictures. There are many funny cartoons that include facts about the environment that kids can enjoy. It also includes excellent ways that kids can improve the environment and keep nature alive as well.Website 4: www. childrenoftheearth.orgThe Children of the Earth website helps to provide information for kids that will allow them to understand and respect the world around them. Lessons are taught on plants, soil, energy, animals, and more. It helps them to learn about how their actions can either have bad or good effects (影响) on the environment. 5Who does the writer most likely write his passage for?AparentsBworkersCkidsDofficers6What do these websites have in common?AThey are all official sites of governments.BKids can play different games on these websites.CMany interesting games are ready for kids,DThey all provide information about the environment.7Which website provides cartoons about the environment?Awww. kidsplanet.org. Bwww. kidsface.org.Cwww. epa. gov/students/.Dwww.childrenoftheearth org.Passage 3（2021·河南·模拟预测）What do people do with their old, out of date but still useful computers? Most people dont know how to deal with them. Many old computers are put away. Many more are simply thrown away as rubbish.Finally, some companies are thinking of ways to bring down the number of old computers. Sony has agreed to help recycle old Sony products(产品). Dell, Hewlett Packard and other companies now also take back some old computers of their own brands.In some countries, laws have been passed, too. Computer companies have to pay for collecting and recycling their used products. And 70% of the computer waste must be recycled. The idea behind the laws is that computer companies themselves should pay for the cost. That will encourage them to make computers which are easier and cheaper to repair and upgrade(升级).Yet many people are throwing away good computers, while others cannot afford them at all. Hundreds of organizations are working on this problem. They collect and repair old computers. Some also teach others how to repair computers. These repaired computers then go to schools, charities(慈善团体) or people who need them. Giving a used computer to one of these organizations can turn one persons rubbish into someone elses useful things and cut down waste, too.根据短文内容，选择正确答案。8What do many people do with old computers?AThey repair them.BThey sell them.CThey send them to others.DThey stop using them.9How many computer companies are mentioned in the second paragraph？AOne.BTwo.CThree.DFour.10According to the laws in some countries, computer companies must _.Arecycle most of their productsBcollect all their used productsCrepair and upgrade old computersDmake more cheaper computers11What do the organizations do to solve the problem of old computers?AHelp the computer companies to collect them.BRepair and send them to those who need them.CHelp people to learn to use them.DTurn rubbish into useful things.12What is the main idea of this passage?ARepairing old computers.BEncouraging to make cheap computers.CRecycling old computers.DHelping those who need computers.Passage 4（2021·湖南·茶陵县教育教学研究室一模） Recently, the term “carbon neutral（碳中和）”has been used frequently at some important meetings in many countries. Many countries have put forward the goal of striving（奋斗目标） to be carbon neutral. China is expected to be carbon neutral by 2060. So, as middle school students, what can we do to protect the environment and live a low carbon life? Here are some suggestions for you. Travel in a green way. Now more Chinese people have cars of their own. It has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well. So wed better do more walking, cycling and less driving. By doing so, we can save energy and reduce pollution.Cut down white pollution. We should reduce the use of plastic bags. When you go to the supermarket, bring your own shopping bags.Save water. Lack (缺乏) of water resources will affect the ecological environment (生态环境). So please turn off the tap after using it. Sore (分类) the rubbish. Doing garbage classification (垃圾分类) in a right way can turn waste into wealth.Plant more trees. Planting more trees means cutting down and reducing the carbon footprint (碳足迹) and spread of greenhouse gases (气体).Use both sides of the paper. The paper production process uses a lot of trees.Now is the time that we should take up our responsibility to protect our environment from being polluted. Lets join our hands and take action immediately.13Which way is bad for the environment ?AWalking.BRiding a bike.CDriving.14White pollution means _Awater pollution.Bplastic pollution.Cair pollution.15When we go shopping, wed better use _Aplastic bags.Bshopping cards.Cshopping bags.16How many suggestions does the writer give in the passage to be carbon neutral?A5.B6.C7.17What is the main idea of the passage?ALive a low carbon life.BSore the rubbish.CTravel in a green way.Passage 5（2021·重庆巴南·一模） In many countries, people are encouraged to buy electric cars. It is said that driving an electric car is good for the environment. But is that true? The University of Minnesota recently studied emissions (排放物) from different cars. The scientists found that sometimes, electric cars are more harmful than petrol (汽油) cars. Surprising? Well, please pay attention to the word “sometimes”. Electric cars are supposed to be clean. The problem lies in the power that is used to charge (给充电) them. If the power comes from wind or solar energy, electric cars will cause little pollution. However, if the power is produced from coal, they will be very harmful. According to the study, emissions from these cars kill about 3,000 people a year. By comparison (比较), pollution caused by petrol cars only leads to 880 deaths a year.In fact, salespeople are not lying when they say electric cars are clean. However, they are right only when the power used to charge their cars is also clean. So _. In France, more than half of the power comes from nuclear stations. Electric cars there should be as clean as they are marketed (推销) to be. In many developing countries, however, electricity still mainly comes from coal. India, for example, depends on coal for 61 percent of its power. Only two percent of its electricity comes from nuclear energy. In countries like India, electric cars are not clean at all!18It is said that driving an electric car is good for _.Athe healthBthe powerCthe countryDthe environment19From the passage, we know that _.Aelectric cars are always more harmful than petrol carsBpollution caused by petrol cars leads to 3,000 deaths a yearCemissions from electric cars powered by wind or solar energy are less harmfulDin India, only twenty percent of its electricity comes from nuclear energy20Which of the following can be the missing part “_” in Paragraph 5?Ahow clean electric cars are depends on where they are drivenBemissions from different cars do different harm to the environmentCelectric cars in India are much cleaner than those in FranceDelectric cars are as clean as they are marketed to be21The best structure of the passage is _.(=Paragraph 1 =Paragraph 2 =Paragraph 3 =Paragraph 4 =Paragraph 5)A; ; B; ; C; ; D; ; Passage 6（2021·江苏姜堰·二模）Thousands of years ago, people didnt know that the Earth moved. They thought the sun really did move across the sky. The Greek god Helios was said to drive the sun around the sky with his chariot（战车）. But now, these ideas have all changed. Nowadays, it is the sun that drives our “chariot” around the sky.So what does all this mean? Well, quite simply, there is now a plane （or “chariot”） that is powered by the sun. It has special parts in its wings. These parts absorb power from the sun. They absorb so much power that they can carry on flying at night. In the Greek myths（希腊神话）, Helios had to take a break at night. It seems were finally even more efficient than the gods themselves.This plane is called Solar Impulse （“太阳驱动”号）. It will fly across the US in May. This is very important for the future of the world.So why is solar energy so good for us? Well, other kinds of energy cause a few problems. If you live in China, youve probably noticed the pollution. This is caused by burning coal or gas to make energy. The heat and chemicals（化学制品）from this make things work. But if we use the heat from the sun, we dont have to burn anything, and theres no pollution.Solar energy is not all there yet. It needs to be improved. But the best thing about it is that, unlike coal and gas, it doesnt run out. Solar Impulse could keep flying forever. Well, actually, the sun will run out too, one day, but not for another 5 billion years. Thats a pretty long flight.22What does “chariot” really refer to in the last sentence of Paragraph 1?AThe Earth.BThe Greek god.CSolar Impulse.DBirds.23Which of the following is TRUE of Solar Impulse?AIt can only fly at night.BIt has already flown across the US.CIt is powered by the sun.DIt needs gas to work.24In the passage, what is mentioned as the cause of pollution in China?AOverpopulation.BBurning coal or gas.CUsing solar energy.DHeavy traffic.25What does the writer mean by “Thats a pretty long flight”?AIt takes a lot of time to get Solar Impulse going.BSolar Impulse moves very slowly.CSolar Impulse will be in use for a long time.DSolar Impulse has a long way to go to take the place of the sun.26The passage is most probably taken from_.Aa Greek mythBa science fictionCa story-bookDa science magazine 试卷第7页，共7页学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司学科网（北京）股份有限公司参考答案1C2D3C4D【分析】文章主要讲了气候变化问题及各组织所举办的相关活动和发出的建议，以此来呼吁更多的年轻人关注气候变化问题。1细节理解题。根据“For example, the Marine Conservation Society is hosting meetings on protecting sea fish. Separately, the environmental organization Greenpeace is running a workshop on how to turn worn-out clothing into something new and wearable.”列举了Marine Conservation Society和Greenpeace两个组织的具体行动，表明作者是通过列举具体示例来说明第一句的。故选C。2细节理解题。根据“Max, another 16-year-old ambassador wants schools to organize more trips and activities that get students outside to experience the beauty of nature.”可知Max建议学校多组织一些户外的短途旅行和活动等，以此来帮助学生体验大自然的美，故选D。3词义猜测题。根据“Carbon-zero schools”以及全文都提及气候变化，可推测出"零碳学校"倡导的是停止碳的“排放"。emitting与“sending out”意思相近。故选C。4主旨大意题。根据文中的第一段提及的气候变化和环境问题以及后文介绍了不同组织所举办的各项活动和所发出的各项倡议，可知作者的意图是通过文章来呼吁更多的年轻人关注气候变化的问题。故选D。5A6D7C【分析】文章介绍了几个最好的儿童回收网站，供孩子们学习有关环境保护和回收的知识。5推理判断题。根据“If you want your children to grow up to be friendly to the environment, you have to start teaching them while they are young. The Internet can be a great tool for teaching your kids more about the environment and recycling.”可知，文章是写给父母的，故选A。6细节理解题。根据“.what kids can do to help protect their own environment”以及“.provide information to kids on the environment”以及“.include facts about the environment.”以及“.how their actions can either have bad or goo