Astronomy：the-science课件2.ppt

Astronomy：the science of the starsUnit 4 牵牵 手手 课课 堂堂People have always watched the beautiful night sky.Many ancient people of the world closely studied the stars for signs from their gods.The Mayan and Mexico built special tall buildings to observe the stars.The ancient people of Egypt，Greece，Italy，and China also studied the stars.The people who lived on the islands of the Pacific used the stars to find their way across huge areas of ocean.The people of Earth today still look to the stars for informationnot about ancient gods，but about the universe.Modern technology has made it possible to see objects in space that are thousands of millions of kilometers away.However，without technology you can see all of the same objects in the night sky that ancient people saw.There is a lot to see and study.It takes a little work and a little knowledge，but it is really very easy.Ancient people who watched the night sky considered five great mysteries.These mysteries were objects that moved from place to place.Some of these objects seemed to move straight ahead.Others seemed to move in one direction for a while and then move back in the opposite direction.Some could be seen for a few months and then disappeared.But they did not seem to shine like other stars.Almost every ancient culture knew of these five mysteries.The ancient Greeks called them“planetes”.The word means wandererone who moves from place to place with no home.On a dark，clear night，away from the lights of a city，you can still find the five wanderers using only your eyes.However they are no longer mysteries.Today we know them as Saturn，Jupiter，Venus，Mercury and the closest planet to Earth，the red planet，Mars.Mars is the fourth planet from the sun and the next planet beyond the Earth.Mars is the only planet whose surface can be seen from Earth.It is about half the size of our planet.The ancient Romans named it after their god of war because of its red color.The surface of Mars is more like Earth than any other planet.However，because it is further from the sun than Earth，temperatures on Mars are much lower.Most of the time the temperatures are far below freezing.Plants and animals could not live now on Mars.However many scientists believe that such life may have existed long ago.Notes：1.Mayan n玛雅人，adj.玛雅人的2.object n天体3.Saturn n土星4.Jupiter n木星5.Venus n金星6.Mercury n水星Section Warming Up and Reading 栏目导航课前教材预案课前教材预案课堂深度拓展课堂深度拓展课后限时作业课后限时作业课末随堂演练课末随堂演练.Scan the text and choose the best answer according to the text.1Why was life able to develop on the earth but not on other planets?AThe earth had a solid shape.BThe earth did not have harmful gases in its atmosphere.CWater stayed on the earth but not on other planets.DThe earth was not too hot and not too cold.答案：C课前教材预案课前教材预案2Why are plants important on the earth?AThey produce oxygen for animals.BThey provide shade for animals.CThey provide a beautiful scene.DThey protect the soil from being destroyed.答案：A3What is the correct order according to the passage?The clever animals with hands and feet appeared and spread all over the earth.The“Big Bang”Small plants began to appear on the surface of the water.65 million years ago，the age of the dinosaurs ended.A BC D答案：D4Early humans appeared after dinosaurs died out _ million years later.A67.6B62.4C65D140答案：B5What is the main idea of the passage?AThe formation of the earth.BThe arrival of humans and their impact on the earth.CThe development of plants and animals on the earth.DThe origin of life on the earth.答案：D.Fill in the blanks in the following passage according to the text.The earth is 1._ special planet in the solar system.The 2._(explode)of the earth produced carbon dioxide，nitrogen，water vapour and other gases,3._(make)the earths atmosphere.As the earth cooled down，water，which was fundamental 4._ the development of life，appeared and stayed on the surface.The continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve 5._(harm)gases and acids into the oceans and seas，and this produced a chain reaction，which made 6._ possible for life to develop.aexplosionmakingtoharmfulitMany millions of years later，the 7._(arrive)of small plants encouraged the development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.Then，with the green plants appearing on land，land animals appeared and dinosaurs developed and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.Then dinosaurs sudden disappearance made the rise of mammals possible on the earth.They were different from all life forms 8._ ever existed in the past because they produced young from within their bodies.arrivalthatFinally，some small clever animals with hands and feet 9._(appear)and spread all over the earth.Thus they have，in their turn，become the most important animals on the earth.However，they are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.So for millions of years to come,10._ life will continue on the earth will depend on whether the problem can be solved.appearedwhether课堂深度拓展课堂深度拓展考点一单词点击单句语法填空。(1)The ground shook _(violent)and some of the adults saw huge rockslides on the mountains，as if the mountains themselves were moving.解析：句意：地面猛烈地摇晃起来，人们看到巨大的岩石从山顶崩裂坍塌，仿佛山峰自己正移动似的。副词修饰动词shook。(2)We know that far too many children are behaving badly at school，even to the point of _(violent)to staff.解析：句意：我们知道有非常多的孩子在学校表现恶劣，甚至到对学校员工暴力相向的程度。因其后还有to staff，因此不宜用violence。violentlybeing violent单句语法填空。(1)(2016全国卷)If you find something you love doing outside of the office，youll be less likely _(bring)your work home.to bringPoint harmful adj.有害的be harmful to对有害单句语法填空。(1)It has been claimed that computer keyboards can harbor _(harm)bacteria than lavatory seat(抽水马桶座板)解析：句意：已经证实，计算机键盘比马桶座更容易成为有害细菌的温床。名词bacteria 前应用形容词来修饰，而从下文than 来看，应用形容词的比较级形式。(2)Recent research done at the University of Texas shown that staying indoors may actually be more harmful _ ones health than being outdoors even in smoggy cities.解析：句意：最近德州大学所做的研究显示，即使是在烟雾弥漫的城市里，待在室内仍可能比待在户外对人健康的危害更大。be harmful to 是固定搭配，意为“对有害”。more harmfultoPoint puzzle(1)n.谜；难题be in a puzzle about sth.对某事迷惑不解(2)vt.&vi.(使)困惑；(使)为难puzzle about/over冥思苦想，苦苦思考(1)puzzled adj.困惑的，迷惑不解的(2)puzzling adj.令人迷惑不解的(3)puzzlement n迷惑单句语法填空。(1)An Australian man asked his Chinese friend to do him a favor.But he _(puzzle)by his friends response.单句改错。(2)But one day，a child saw the coin and was curious，who took it out of the box and looked at it，with a puzzling look on his face.puzzled was puzzled考点二短语诠释all the time一直at no time决不；从不；在任何时候都不at one time一度，曾经at times有时，偶尔for the time being暂时in no time极快；立即；马上on time按时，准时单句语法填空。(1)If you want much more information，get in touch with them _ time.(2)Ill leave my bicycle behind.Ill not need it _the time being.单句改错。(3)In no time and under no circumstances will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.解析：句意：无论什么时候及任何情况下，中国都不会首先使用核武器。At inforin turn依次，轮流，逐个；相应地，转而take turns in sth./to do sth./at/in doing sth.轮流做Its ones turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事单句语法填空。(1)When the economy develops，workers income should increase，which _ turn promotes economic development.单句改错。(2)We made an agreement that we would take turns to do the dishes.Now its our turns to do them.turn in单句语法填空。(1)It is said that James Watts observation of steam issuing from a kettle gave birth _ the idea of the steam engine.解析：句意：据说，詹姆斯瓦特对水壶蒸气的观察使他产生了发明蒸汽机的想法。(2)During the thousands of years of recorded history，the Chinese nation _(give)birth to many national heroes and revolutionary leaders.解析：句意：在中华民族几千年的历史中，产生了很多的民族英雄和革命领袖。tohas given单句语法填空。(1)Without doubt，something must be done to prevent this famous river from _(pollute)by the waste water piped from cities.解析：句意：毫无疑问，必须做些事情来阻止这条著名的河流被从城市里排出来的污水污染。(2)In reality，she was simply frustrated that her“wide and ugly feet”prevented her from _(wear)the latest fashions.解析：句意：实际上，她沮丧仅仅是因为“又宽又丑”的脚塞不进时髦的高跟鞋里。from是介词，其后应跟v.ing形式。being pollutedwearing考点三句型归纳单句语法填空。(1)_ is strange is that the China Writers Association，which brings together nearly all of the countrys best wordsmiths(舞文弄墨者)，knows only how to speak this dead language.解析：句意：奇怪的是我们偌大中国集中了几乎全体最善文字者的“作家协会”，怎么就会说这种僵尸般的语言？what 在句中引导一个主语从句，本身有词义，即：的事情是。What(2)Criminals are never born evil，and in the case of corruption，it is quite clear _ social factors play an important role.解析：句意：罪犯并非生来就是罪恶的，在很多腐败的案例中，很明显，社会因素占了很大成分。句中it 是形式主语，用that引导主语从句时，引导词本身无词义。were that(2)在that从句中，it 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的从句whether the shape would last or not，这是一个主语从句。It was a problem whether they would support us.他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。Its a pity that he didnt come.很遗憾他没来。It was obvious that the driver could not control his car.显然这个司机无法控制他的车。单句语法填空。(1)Last week I lost one of my best friends.It broke my heart because he was _ a musical genius and so young and has two wonderful children.解析：句意：上周，我失去了我最好的朋友之一，这让我心碎，他是个音乐天才，这么年轻，留下两个优秀的孩子。such后跟名词；so后跟形容词或副词。(2)Sir，_ so happened that I was on my way home and noticed who were around and what they were doing.解析：句意：警官，事情是这样的，在回家的路上我注意到了周围的人和他们的活动情况。句中it是形式主语，happen是谓语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。suchit单句改错。(3)Similarly，the sufferings and happiness in life is nothing but a series of illusions，it will not last long，only the one in it is being trapped and thinks it is such big a deal.解析：句意：同样的，生命中之苦与乐也不过只是一系列的变幻景况，维持不了太久，只是当事人困在局中，才感到是天大的事情而已。so 课末随堂演练课末随堂演练课后限时作业课后限时作业制作者：状元桥适用对象：高一学生制作软件：Powerpoint2003、Photoshop cs3运行环境：WindowsXP以上操作系统