新道雅思语法 不定式.ppt

不不 定定 式式structurev1，不定式的，不定式的作用作用（主（主,表表,宾宾,定定,状状,补，独立）补，独立）v2，不定式的，不定式的逻辑主语逻辑主语v3，不定式的，不定式的时态和语态时态和语态一一,语法语法功能：功能：主语主语,宾语宾语,表语表语,定语定语,状语状语,补语补语v (一一)，主语主语v位置：大部分时候放句末（位置：大部分时候放句末（it作形式主语）。作形式主语）。【练练1/3】我我们不可能在很短的时间内就掌握英语。们不可能在很短的时间内就掌握英语。vWe are impossible to master English in a short time.(错误）错误）vvIt is impossible for us to master English in a short time.vv【练练2/3】你在这里停车是违章的。你在这里停车是违章的。vYou are against the regulation to park your car here.（错误）（错误）vvIt is against the regulation for you to park your car here.vv【练练3/3】总体而言，总体而言，我们可以有理由去推断我们可以有理由去推断，相对于噪音，人们更喜欢平静安宁的环境。（剑相对于噪音，人们更喜欢平静安宁的环境。（剑7，T4，R）vSb.should/must/can(过于主观强硬）过于主观强硬）vIn general,it is plausible/necessary/imperative to suppose that we should prefer peace and quiet to noise.（二（二)，表语，表语【练练1/4】我的打算是在英国或者上剑桥，或者上我的打算是在英国或者上剑桥，或者上牛津。牛津。（剑（剑3,T3,S）My plan is to attend either Cambridge or Oxford in England.【练练2/4】儿童的主要任务仍是玩耍和获得乐趣。儿童的主要任务仍是玩耍和获得乐趣。（剑（剑3,T3,W）Childrens main responsibility is still to plan and have fun.【练练3/43/4】地中海国家的森林问题将会在下次专家地中海国家的森林问题将会在下次专家会时被讨论。（会时被讨论。（剑剑7 7，T3T3，R R）Forest problems of Mediterranean countries are to be discussed at he next meeting of experts.v【练练4/4】培养多样性的关键是让人们不仅学习培养多样性的关键是让人们不仅学习占主导地位的语言，同事也学习祖先们传下来的占主导地位的语言，同事也学习祖先们传下来的语言。语言。（剑（剑4,T2,R）vThe key to fostering diversity is for people to learn their ancestral tongue,as well as the dominant language.（三），（三），宾语宾语后接不定式作宾语的动词后接不定式作宾语的动词 详见附录详见附录（四），不定式（四），不定式-作定语作定语v【练练1/4】这的确给了我们不断努力提高英语水这的确给了我们不断努力提高英语水平的勇气。平的勇气。vThis really gave us the courage to keep trying to improve our English.v【练练2/4】所有学生都有一些机会去增强自己的所有学生都有一些机会去增强自己的信心。信心。（剑（剑4,G,TA,R）vAll students are given chances to develop their confidence.v【练练3/4】There are plenty of opportunities for new technologies to help filter and categorize information.（剑（剑5，T3，R）v【练练4/4】我反对那项机场扩建和增加航班数量我反对那项机场扩建和增加航班数量的计划。的计划。（剑（剑3,G,TB,W）vI object to the plan to expand the airport and increase the numbers of flights.（五），不定式-作状语v目的目的状语：状语：v=in order to/so as tovScientists are working to discover the links between the weather and human beings mood and performance.（剑（剑3，T3，R）vId climb the highest mountain,just to see you smile.Id swim the ocean,just to hold your hand.Id run a million miles,just to be with you forever.v我愿意翻越最高的山脉，就是为了目睹你的微笑；我愿意翻越最高的山脉，就是为了目睹你的微笑；我愿意横渡海洋，就是为了与你牵手；我愿意跨我愿意横渡海洋，就是为了与你牵手；我愿意跨越万里，只是为了与你永远共度此生。越万里，只是为了与你永远共度此生。v结果结果状语状语：vLift a stone only to drop it on your own feet.v【练练】这个时代长大的孩子不尊重家人，而只是这个时代长大的孩子不尊重家人，而只是关注自己的利益。关注自己的利益。vChildren grow up during this age not to respect their families,but to only be concerned with their own individual welfare.v宾语补语：宾语补语：vThe fool thinks himself to be wise,but the wise man knows himself to be fool.v愚者自以为智，智者自知其愚者自以为智，智者自知其愚。愚。v【基本形式基本形式】：动词动词+宾语宾语+动词不定式动词不定式（六），不定式-作补语v主语补语：多出现在被动语态之后主语补语：多出现在被动语态之后vThe Olympics is considered to be the highest level of competitive sport.（剑（剑3，T1，W）v【基本模式基本模式】：v主语主语+系动词系动词+动词的被动语态动词的被动语态+动词不定式动词不定式（七），独立使用的不定式vTo begin with,on behalf of all of your American guests,I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality.v -尼可松，尼可松，1972 v首先，我谨代表你们所有的美国客人向你们表示首先，我谨代表你们所有的美国客人向你们表示感谢，感谢你们无可比拟的盛情款待。感谢，感谢你们无可比拟的盛情款待。v不定式可用作独立成分，用来修饰整个句子。不定式可用作独立成分，用来修饰整个句子。v“总之，简而言之，概括来说总之，简而言之，概括来说”vto conclude,all in all,vin conclusion,generally speaking,vin a word,in short，vTo sum up,to be brief,vTo say nothing of,/not to mention,vTo illustrate,vTo do sb.justice,vTo make matters worse,vTo put it another way,二，不定式二，不定式的复合结构的复合结构vBoth Chinese and American parents were asked what they wanted most for their children.Chinese parents wanted their children to be successful,while American parents expressed a desire for their children to be happy.vv【知识点知识点】：不定式的复合不定式的复合结构：结构：vvFor+名词名词(代词代词)+不定式不定式v【练练】有教养的人如果不懂外语是极大的不便有教养的人如果不懂外语是极大的不便.vFor a well-cultivated man not to know foreign languages is a great inconvenience.v(For a cultivated man)to be ignorant of foreign languages is a great inconvenience.三，不定式的时态和语态三，不定式的时态和语态不定式不定式基本形式基本形式进行时进行时?完成时完成时?被动语态被动语态?=to be doing=to be done=to have donev【练练1/3】对于许多环境保护主义者来说，世界对于许多环境保护主义者来说，世界似乎正在似乎正在变糟。变糟。（剑（剑5,T1,R）v【分析分析】Seem to do+进行时进行时v =seem to be doingvFor many environmentalists,the world seems to be getting worse.v【练练2/3】味觉和嗅觉味觉和嗅觉似乎已经似乎已经退化。退化。（剑（剑4,T1,R)v【分析分析】Seem to do,appear to do+完成时完成时v =Seem to have donevThe sense of taste and smell appears to have deteriorated.v【练练3/3】如果在怀孕期间大脑的发育出现意外，如果在怀孕期间大脑的发育出现意外，男孩更男孩更容易受到容易受到影响。影响。（剑（剑1,T2,R）v【分析分析】Be easy to do,be likely to do+被动被动v =be likely to de donevIf something happens to the brains development during pregnancy,_vIt is more likely to be affected in a male.THE END复复 习习v1，不定式的，不定式的作用作用（主（主,表表,宾宾,定定,状状,补，独立）补，独立）v2，不定式的，不定式的逻辑主语逻辑主语v3，不定式的，不定式的时态和语态时态和语态 vv【课后作业课后作业】：vP90,一，一，13,16,17,19,21,22,30vP94,四，四，10，14，16，17高分作文句子高分作文句子v【练练】政府可以做到的一件事情就是要求个人、政府可以做到的一件事情就是要求个人、家庭和企业对他们的垃圾进行分类。家庭和企业对他们的垃圾进行分类。（剑（剑5,G,TB,W）vWhat the governments can do is to require individuals,households,and businesses to separate their waste into different categories.【课后练习课后练习】毫无疑问毫无疑问，增加正面新闻的数量会让增加正面新闻的数量会让人有一种乐观的人有一种乐观的世界观世界观，这也是应该被鼓励的。，这也是应该被鼓励的。-（媒体）（媒体）theres no doubt that/indisputable view of the world/outlook on worldThere is no doubt that increasing the number of good news reports would be advisable and would help to foster a more constructive and optimistic view of the world.BONUS:Outlook on world/value/life