13届语法复习之句子成分.ppt
英语的句子成分可分为：主英语的句子成分可分为：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾补、语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语七种。定语和状语七种。1.WhatisSubject?Thesubjectofasentenceistheperson,place,thing,orideathatisdoingorbeing something.2.WhatcanbeusedasSubject?anoun,anadjective,todo,doing,it,pronoun,thesubjectclause,Subject 3.Underlinethesubjectineachsentence,thentellwhatisusedasthesubject.1.Themanisdrivingtoofast.2.Nobodyknowshim.3.Thericharenotalwayshappy.4.Toperseveremeansvictory.5.Travelinginspacewillbeeasy.6.Itis3kilometersfromheretomyschool.7.Whathesaidistrue.名词名词代词代词形容词形容词tododoingit主语从句主语从句4.Decidewhetherthefollowingsentencesarecorrect.Ifnot,pointoutthemistakesandtrytocorrectthem.1.Threepeoplewereinvitedtotheparty-John,LiMingandme.John,LiMingandI在句中作在句中作wereinvited的主语的主语.2.Ifthesituationcontinueslikethis,poorwillgetpoorer,whilerichwillgetricher.the+adj.表示一类人。单独的表示一类人。单独的adj.不能用作主语。不能用作主语。3.Beinglateforschoolmadehisteacherangry.是谁是谁beinglateforschool？指代？指代不明，所以必须加上逻辑主语不明，所以必须加上逻辑主语his。4.BeatenbyClass3madeeverystudentofourclassverysad.分词不能作主语，所以要将分词不能作主语，所以要将beaten改为动名词的被动形式改为动名词的被动形式beingbeaten才能作主语。才能作主语。5.Hewonthefirstprizeinthesingingcompetitionmadehisparentswildwithjoy.主语从句不能省略引导词。主语从句不能省略引导词。6.Itisnousetoarguewithsuchafellow,forheneverchangeshismind.在在Itisno+n.的结构中，主语必的结构中，主语必须使用须使用doing。1._tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoonesskin.A.ExposedB.HavingexposedC.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed2._themeetinghimselfgavethemagreatdealofencouragement.A.ThepresidentwillattendB.ThepresidenttoattendC.ThepresidentattendedD.Thepresidentsattending3._still_tobediscussed.A.HowistheplantobecarriedoutneedsB.HowistheplantobecarriedoutneedC.HowtheplanistobecarriedoutneedD.Howtheplanistobecarriedoutneeds4.-Whatmadehersosad?-_hersonisalwaysmakingtroubleatschool.A.ThatB.BecauseC.AsD.Since5.Thecompanyhadabout20notebookcomputersbutonlyone-third_usedregularly.Nowwehave60workingalldaylong.（06浙江）浙江）A.isB.areC.wasD.were1.WhatisPredicate?Thepredicate,whichisalwaystheverborverbsthatlinkupwiththesubject,tellssomethingaboutthesubject.2.WhatcanbeusedasPredicate?verbs实义动词实义动词实义动词实义动词 情态动词情态动词情态动词情态动词连系动词连系动词连系动词连系动词及物动词及物动词不及物动词不及物动词情态动词情态动词助动词助动词状态状态变化变化感官感官3.Underlinethepredicateineachsentence,thentellwhatitrefersto.1.Ateamofscientistsdiscoversanimportantancientgravenearthevillageofnativepeople.2.IwasreadingabookaboutMarcoPolowhenyoucalled.3.Wecansendrobotsequippedwithcamerasandothertoolstodoobservationsforus.4.Aftertwoyearsofhardwork,thecouplepaidofftheirdebt.5.Theworldmapwasagreatpuzzletopeopleofearlycivilizations.简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词 +动词;HecanspeakEnglishwell.InadditiontotheInadditiontothetransitiveverbtransitiveverb andtheandtheintransitiveverbintransitiveverb,thereisathird,thereisathirdkindofverbcalledakindofverbcalledalinkingverblinkingverb.The.Theword(orword(orphrasephrase)whichfollowsalinking)whichfollowsalinkingverbiscallednotanobject,butaverbiscallednotanobject,butapredicative(subjectcomplement).predicative(subjectcomplement).1.What is Predicative1.be（am/is/are）2.keep,stay,stand,lie,remain3.appear,seem4.look,sound,feel,taste,smell5.prove,turn out(to be),6.become,grow,turn,fall,get,go，come,runLinkingverbs知识结构知识结构六类系动词六类系动词3.UnderlinethePredicativeineachsentence,thentellwhatisusedasthePredicative.OurEnglishteacherisanAmerican.ThatisallIwanttotellyou.Theweatherhasturnedoutcold.Threetimessevenistwenty-one.Heisalwaysthefirsttoentertheoffice.Timeisup.Theclassisover.Thespeechisexciting.Thecupwasbroken.HisjobistoteachEnglish.Thereasonforhisbeinglateforthemeetingisthatheisillandhasjustbeentohospital.PredicativePredicative2.What can be used as Predicative?noun pronoun numerals adj.adv.to do/doing/done prep.phrase clause1.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_itmoredifficult.AnotmakeBnottomakeCnotmaking Ddonotmake2.Longjingtea,JasmineteaandWuyiteaareallfamous,butwhichdoyouthink_?A.tastesbest B.smellsmostC.drinksmostlyD.soundsbest3.Thatisjust_theyaremistaken.A.whenB.whatC.whereD.which4.ThereasonwhyIburstintotearsis_Idontwanttopartmymother.A.thatB.whichC./D.because5.-WhereisGeorge?Hesaidhewouldmeetmehereat3.-Heseems_withMr.Brownintheoffice.A.totalkB.tobetalkingC.tohavetalkedD.talking6.Aswejoinedthebigcrowd，Igot_frommyfriends.（NMET2001）AseparatedBsparedClostDmissed7.Icanhardlyrecognizethevillage.Oh,itsnolonger_itusedtobe.A.thatB.whenC.howD.what1.Becarefulwhenyoucrossthisverybusystreet.Ifnot,youmay_runoverbyacar.（02北京）北京）A.haveB.getC.becomeD.turn2.Whydontyouputthemeatinthefridge?Itwillfreshforseveraldays.（03全国卷）全国卷）AbestayedBstayCbestayingDhavestayed3.Happybirthday,Alice!Soyouhave_twenty-onealready!（04天津）天津）A.becomeB.turnedC.grownD.passed4.Onhearingthenewsoftheaccidentinthecoalmine,she_pale.（04湖北）湖北）AgotBchangedCwentDappeared5.Someonewholacksstayingpowerandperseveranceisunlikelyto_agoodresearcher.（06山东）山东）A.makeB.turnC.getD.grow6.Thewater_coolwhenIjoinedintothepoolformorningexercise.(全国卷全国卷1)A.wasfeltB.isfeltC.feltD.feels7.-Iwaswonderingifwecouldgoskiingontheweekend.-_good.(06湖北湖北)A.SoundB.SoundedC.SoundingD.Sounds8.Themotherfeltherself_coldandherhandstrembledasshereadtheletterfromthebattlefield.(06上海上海)A.growB.grownC.togrow D.tohavegrownPointoutalltheobjectsineachsentenceandtellwhatisusedaseachoftheObject.1.Bornin1743,JosephBanksplayedanimportantroleinbotanicalresearchintheeighteenthcentury.2.EvenbeforegoingtoOxfordin1760,Banksshowedanappetiteforknowledge.3.AsamemberoftheRoyalSociety,the25-year-oldBankspaid10,000poundsfortheequipmentoftheexpedition.4.TheRoyalSocietygavehimtheopportunityhehadbeenwaitingfor.5.DoyouknowwhoelsejoinedBanksontheexpeditionwithCaptainCookin1768?6.In1772hewentonanexpeditionwithafellowstudent.Whatcanbeusedasobject?宾语宾语动词宾语动词宾语动词宾语动词宾语 介词宾语介词宾语介词宾语介词宾语名词名词名词名词代词代词代词代词数词数词数词数词it it不定式不定式不定式不定式动名词动名词动名词动名词从句从句从句从句使用宾语时需要特别注意使用宾语时需要特别注意以下几大问题：不定式与以下几大问题：不定式与动名词作宾语的用法区别；动名词作宾语的用法区别；双宾语与复合宾语的用法双宾语与复合宾语的用法区别；宾语从句的用法规区别；宾语从句的用法规则。则。1.Pleaseremindme_hesaidhewasgoing.Imaybeintimetoseehimoff.（06全国全国I）A.whereB.whenC.howD.what2.Icantstand_withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses_talkingwhilesheworks.(06北京北京)A.working;stoppingB.towork;stoppingC.working;tostopD.towork;tostop3.Itisdifficulttoimaginehis_thedecisionwithoutanyconsideration.(06全国全国II)A.acceptB.acceptingC.toacceptD.accepted4.Asthetwentiethcenturycametoaclose,therawmaterialsforagreatnationalliteraturewereathand,waiting_.(06湖南湖南)A.touseB.tobeusedC.tohaveusedD.tobeusing5.Afterhebecameconscious,heremembered_and_ontheheadwitharod(06江西江西)A.toattack;hitB.tobeattacked；tobehitC.attacking；behitD.havingbeenattacked；hit6.Isntittimeyougotdownto_thepapers?（06重庆）重庆）A.markB.bemarkedC.beingmarkedD.marking7.Theparentssuggested_inthehotelroombuttheirkidswereanxioustocampoutduringthetrip.（06上海春）上海春）A.sleepB.tosleepC.sleepingD.havingslept8.IfIcanhelp_,Idontlikeworkinglateintothenight.(06全国全国I)A.soB.thatC.itD.them9.Hewasluckyenoughtosellhiscarforexactly_.A.wherehehadpaidforitB.whathehadpaidforitC.whathewaspaidforitD.whichhehadpaidforit10.Thisoldcomputermusthavebeenofgreatuseto_didthescientificresearch.A.thoseB.whenC.whoeverD.whomeverAnobjectisasentenceelementandpartofthesentencepredicate.Itdenotessomebodyorsomethinginvolvedinthesubjectsperformanceoftheverb.1.WhatisObjectComplement?2.PointouttheobjectcomplementineachsentenceandtellwhatisusedaseachoftheObjectComplement.1)Somepeoplefindadvertisementusefulandentertaining.2)AsmyneighbourMr.Whiteisatroublemaker,Ihavetokeepmyselfawayfromhim.3)TheConsumersClubadvisesustomakeinformedchoicesbyreadingadscarefully.4)Companieshopetoseeadsinfluencethebehaviourofcustomers.1)Somepeoplefindadvertisementusefulandentertaining.2)AsmyneighbourMr.Whiteisatroublemaker,Ihavetokeepmyselfawayfromhim.3)TheConsumersClubadvisesustomakeinformedchoicesbyreadingadscarefully.4)Companieshopetoseeadsinfluencethebehaviourofcustomers.形容词形容词形容词形容词副词副词副词副词不定式不定式不定式不定式不定式不定式不定式不定式5)Companiesspendalargeamountofmoneyemployingadvertisers.6)TheUNemploysfamouspeopletomakeitsprogrammesknowntothepublic.7)TheyappointedhimheadoftheBiologyDepartment.8)Wefoundtheroomdecoratedwithframedadsonthewalls.5)Companiesspendalargeamountofmoneyemployingadvertisers.6)TheUNemploysfamouspeopletomakeitsprogrammesknowntothepublic.7)TheyappointedhimheadoftheBiologyDepartment.8)Wefoundtheroomdecoratedwithframedadsonthewalls.现在分词现在分词现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词过去分词过去分词过去分词过去分词过去分词过去分词名词名词名词名词2.Whatcanbeusedasobjectcomplement?宾语补足语宾语补足语名词名词（独一无二的独一无二的独一无二的独一无二的头衔，零冠词）头衔，零冠词）头衔，零冠词）头衔，零冠词）形容词形容词副词副词不定式不定式分词分词介词短语介词短语 I：名词作宾补：名词作宾补TheyelectedJohn_ofthecommittee.A.achairmanB.chairmenC.thechairmanD.chairman当宾语补足语的名词若表示正式的或独一无二的头当宾语补足语的名词若表示正式的或独一无二的头当宾语补足语的名词若表示正式的或独一无二的头当宾语补足语的名词若表示正式的或独一无二的头衔、职位时，前面一般不用冠词，这些名词有衔、职位时，前面一般不用冠词，这些名词有衔、职位时，前面一般不用冠词，这些名词有衔、职位时，前面一般不用冠词，这些名词有:chairman/monitor/president/governor/mayor等等等等。II：形容词作宾补：形容词作宾补Pleasekeepthedoor_andthewindow_.A.close;open B.closed;openedC.close;openD.closed;openclose作作作作形形形形容容容容词词词词时时时时,意意意意思思思思是是是是“亲亲亲亲密密密密的的的的”.closed作作作作形形形形容词容词容词容词时时时时,意意意意思思思思是是是是“关关关关上上上上的的的的”(表表表表示示示示状状状状态态态态）open形形形形容容容容词词词词，表表表表示状态；示状态；示状态；示状态；keep是是是是”保持保持保持保持状态状态状态状态”,所以答案是所以答案是所以答案是所以答案是Ddrivesbmad/crazylikemyteaweakpaintsth.browngetthedinnerreadycutsthshortwishhimaliveagainsetsb.freeprovehimselfrighttear/push/cutsth.open keephimawakefindhimdeaddyethesilkred注意观察下列形容词作宾补的习语注意观察下列形容词作宾补的习语:Themissingboyswerelastseen_neartheriver.(94N)A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay感官性动词后面的宾补若用不定式，则表示一个感官性动词后面的宾补若用不定式，则表示一个完整的动作；若用现在分词，则表示正在进行的动完整的动作；若用现在分词，则表示正在进行的动作。本句应理解为正在进行的动作。作。本句应理解为正在进行的动作。III：非谓语动词作宾补的区别：非谓语动词作宾补的区别Hesawanoldmangetonthebus,_down,takeoutapieceofnewspaperandbegintoread.A.tositB.satC.sittingD.sit句中的句中的get;sit;take和和begin是并列的四个动作是并列的四个动作作宾语补足语，描述了一套完整的动作，所以作宾语补足语，描述了一套完整的动作，所以需要用不定式来表示。另外从并行结构中也可需要用不定式来表示。另外从并行结构中也可以很清楚地找出答案。以很清楚地找出答案。Themanagerdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_thenextyear.(NMET2000)A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout在分析定语从句中的宾补时，可以试着先将定语从句改在分析定语从句中的宾补时，可以试着先将定语从句改在分析定语从句中的宾补时，可以试着先将定语从句改在分析定语从句中的宾补时，可以试着先将定语从句改成陈述句来分析该用什么形式来作宾补。该句中的定语成陈述句来分析该用什么形式来作宾补。该句中的定语成陈述句来分析该用什么形式来作宾补。该句中的定语成陈述句来分析该用什么形式来作宾补。该句中的定语从句改成陈述句应该是：从句改成陈述句应该是：从句改成陈述句应该是：从句改成陈述句应该是：Theywouldliketoseetheplancarriedoutthenextyear.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.(95N)A.nottoB.nottodoC.nottoitD.donotto为了避免重复，常用省略形式为了避免重复，常用省略形式为了避免重复，常用省略形式为了避免重复，常用省略形式 toto来代替前面的动作。来代替前面的动作。来代替前面的动作。来代替前面的动作。如：如：如：如：-Wouldyouliketovisitourschool?-Yes,Idliketo.有些动词后面需要用不定式作宾补，除有些动词后面需要用不定式作宾补，除有些动词后面需要用不定式作宾补，除有些动词后面需要用不定式作宾补，除 tell外外外外，常见的还有常见的还有常见的还有常见的还有：advise;allow;cause;consider;encourage;forbid;force;intend;order;permit;persuade;remind;request;require;urge;warn;ask;wish;want;callon;dependon;carefor;longfor;waitfor;preparefor等等等等特别注意：特别注意：特别注意：特别注意：hope,agree,demand,suggest等没有宾补。等没有宾补。等没有宾补。等没有宾补。Wefoundtheoldman_onthegroundand_intothesky.A.sitlookB.seatinglookingC.seatedlookingD.satlooked findfind后不能加不定式作宾补。只能用现在分词（表主后不能加不定式作宾补。只能用现在分词（表主后不能加不定式作宾补。只能用现在分词（表主后不能加不定式作宾补。只能用现在分词（表主动）和过去分词（表被动），或者加动）和过去分词（表被动），或者加动）和过去分词（表被动），或者加动）和过去分词（表被动），或者加 tobetobe结构。类结构。类结构。类结构。类似的动词常见的还有：似的动词常见的还有：似的动词常见的还有：似的动词常见的还有：catch;keep;wastecatch;keep;waste等。等。等。等。IV:宾补中不定式符号宾补中不定式符号to的去舍的去舍Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister_,todayhewasmade_byhislittlesister.A.cry;tocry B.crying;cryingC.cry;cry D.tocry;cry makemake是使役动词，跟不带是使役动词，跟不带是使役动词，跟不带是使役动词，跟不带 toto的不定式作宾补；但是的不定式作宾补；但是的不定式作宾补；但是的不定式作宾补；但是变成被动语态时变成被动语态时变成被动语态时变成被动语态时 toto不能省略。不能省略。不能省略。不能省略。五看：五看：noticeobserve,see,watch,lookat三使：三使：let,have,make二听：二听：hear,listento一感：一感：feel不带不带to的不定式作宾补的动词概括起来有：的不定式作宾补的动词概括起来有：吾看三室吾看三室（使）（使）两厅两厅（听）（听）一感觉一感觉外加半个外加半个help.1._productionupby60%,thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.A.AsB.ForC.WithD.Through2._everything_,sheleftthesupermarketwithsatisfaction.A.As,buyingB.For,tobuyC.With,boughtD.Because,tobuyV:介词介词+宾语宾语+宾补宾补1.Itissaidthatdogswillkeepyou_foraslongasyouwantwhenyouarefeelinglonely.(06江西江西)A.safetyB.companyC.houseD.friend2.Icouldntdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise_.(05北京北京)A.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoon3.-Areyougoingtohaveaholidaythisyear?-Idloveto.Icantwaittoleavethisplace_.(06江苏江苏)A.offB.outC.behindD.over4.Withnooneto_insuchafrighteningsituation,shefeltveryhelpless.(06陕西陕西)A.turntoB.turnonC.turnoffC.turnover5.Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.Youvehadit_oftenenough.(05天津天津)A.explaining B.toexplainedC.explainD.explained6.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound_inthekitchen.(03NMET)A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked7.Theteacheraskedus_somuchnoise.(03北京北京)A.dontmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake8.Dontleavethewater_whileyoubrushyourteeth.(04天津天津)A.runB.runningC.beingrunD.torun9.Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirchildrensactionsagainstthelawsgetparents_.(04重庆重庆)A.worriedB.toworryC.worryingD.worry10.Ivegottomake_hetoldalie.A.thatclearB.itclearthatC.quiteclearD.thisclearthatAnattributeisasentenceelementusedtomodifyanounorapronoun.1.WhatisanAttribute?1.WhatisanAttribute?2.Pointoutalltheattributesineachsentenceandtellwhatisusedaseachoftheattribute.Hisbicycleneedsrepairing.Twoboysareplayingtabletennis.Hisbicycleneedsrepairing.Twoboysareplayingtabletennis.Pron.Pron.Num.Num.Thelittleboyneedsaredpen.Thereissomethingwrongwiththeradio.adj.adj.adj.adj.Theschoolthereisakeymiddleschoolinourcity.adv.adv.adj.adj.prep.prep.Thehospitalhastwelvemennurses.Theyaretalkingaboutamathsproblem.Hegaveaninspiringspeechyesterday.ThepenboughtbyherismadeinChina.Therearefiveboysleft.Thereisnothingtodotoday.Heissittinginthesmokingroom.Thehospitalhastwelvemennurses.Theyaretalkingaboutamathsproblem.num.n.num.n.n.n.Thereisnothingtodotoday.inf.inf.Heissittinginthesmokingroom.gerger.Hegaveaninspiringspeechyesterday.ThepenboughtbyherismadeinChina.Therearefiveboysleft.Pr.P.Pr.P.P.P.P.P.num.P.P.num.P.P.ThegirlyouwillknowisMary.Therearefiveboyswhowillplaythegame.clauseclausenum.clausenum.clause3.WhatcanbeusedasAttribute?3.WhatcanbeusedasAttribute?Attribute 1.adj.2.adv.3.n.4.pro.5.prep.phrase6.num.7.todo8.doing9.done10.clause1、后置定语问题、后置定语问题Allthepeople_atthepartywerehissupporters.(02北京北京)A.presentB.thankfulC.interested D.important形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边前边,但是下列情况要后置：但是下列情况要后置：present(在场的，出席的在场的，出席的),involved(有关的有关的),concerned(相关的相关的),left(剩下的剩下的),objecting(反对的反对的),mentioned(提及的提及的),selected(当选的当选的)等等。如如thestudentspresent(出席的学生出席的学生)thecostinvolved(所需费用所需费用)下列情况也要后置：下列情况也要后置：a.some,any,no,every构成的复合不定代词的构成的复合不定代词的构成的复合不定代词的构成的复合不定代词的修饰语要后置如修饰语要后置如修饰语要后置如修饰语要后置如：somethingnew;nothingserious;anythinginterestingb.else修饰修饰修饰修饰不定代词不定代词不定代词不定代词和和和和疑问代词疑问代词疑问代词疑问代词时，要后置。如：时，要后置。如：时，要后置。如：时，要后置。如：Nobodyelseissosillyasyouare.c.不定式短语，动名词短语，分词短语，介词短语不定式短语，动名词短语，分词短语，介词短语不定式短语，动名词短语，分词短语，介词短语不定式短语，动名词短语，分词短语，介词短语和从句做定语要后置。和从句做定语要后置。和从句做定语要后置。和从句做定语要后置。Doyoustillremembertheafternooninthefirstyearatcollegewhentheprofessorgaveusachemistrylesson?d.以以以以a-开头的形容词做定语要后置开头的形容词做定语要后置开头的形容词做定语要后置开头的形容词做定语要后置alike,alive,alone,asleep,afraid,awake如：如：Heistheonlymanawakeatthattime.IcantgetagoodpictureonmyTVset.Theremustbesomething_withit.A.badB.matterC.thematterD.thewrong2._totakethisadventurecoursewillcertainlylearnalotofusefulskills.A.BraveenoughstudentsB.EnoughbravestudentsC.StudentsbraveenoughD.Studentsenoughbrave3.Thereis_toholdthewater.A.nothingbige
