高三英语一轮复习主谓一致讲义.docx

主谓一致一、 语法一致1. 主语是单数，谓语动词用单数；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数。The results of the research are to be published soon.His suggestion has been accepted.2. 不定代词anyone，somebody，everything，nothing，each等作主语，谓语动词用单数。If anyone sees Lisa, ask her to call me. 3. “we, you, they 或复数名词+each”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。“each of us, you, them, 或名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。The students each have an apple.Each of the students has an apple.4. all作主语：若指人，谓语用复数；若指事物或现象，谓语通常用单数。All are equal before the law.All is well that ends well.结局好就一切都好。注意：若all修饰其他名词或接“of + 名词”，则谓语动词与其中的名词的数保持一致。All (of) the money is mine.All (of) his friends are poor.5. 不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。To say you were ignorant of the rules is no excuse.Having to change trains is a small inconvenience.6. “many a + 名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。Many a page in this book is missing.二、 意义一致1. 形式为单数但意义为复数的police, cattle(牛；牲口)等作主语，谓语动词用复数。The police have not made any arrest.2. 表示一类人的the poor/rich/dead/injured/wounded等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。The rich are to help the poor.3. 表示某国人的总称的the Chinese, the British, the Irish等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。The Chinese are hard-working.4. 以-s结尾，但意义为单数的news, physics, politics等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。The news is exciting.5. 单复数同形的名词sheep，deer, means等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数与实际意义一致。Three sheep are eating grass there.A sheep is lying there.Not every means is useful.6. 集体名词family，class， crew， team，audience， crowd， government， committee等作主语时，谓语动词的形式要根据主语所指的意义而定。当把集体名词当做一个整体看待的时候，谓语动词常用单数形式；如果指的是集体当中的各个成员时，谓语动词常用复数形式。The class consists of twenty-five boys and twenty girls.The class are doing experiments.三、 就近一致or, either or, neither nor, not only but also, notbut, 在句子中连接并列主语的时候或者在there be 句型中，谓语动词要和离它最近的主语保持一致。Not his parents but he doesnt want to go.Neither you nor I am wrong.Does neither he nor his classmates know the secret?Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday.There is a cup of tea and some apples on the table.四、 就远原则谓语动词单复数与离它最远的那个主语的一致，代表词汇有：as well as; together/along with, rather than; expect; besides; in addition to.Everybody except you likes me.A woman with two children has come.Jack, together with his classmates, has seen the film.五、 主谓一致的几个难点1. 并列主语的主谓一致并列主语谓语单复数例句两个单数名词或不可数名词用and连接，表示两个不同的概念复数Steam and ice are different forms of water.两个单数名词用and连接,表示同一人/物或同一概念，或表示不可分割的整体单数Trial and error is the source of our knowledge.由every, each, many a, no等限定的单数名词由and连接单数Each boy and each girl has an apple.一个单数名词或不可数名词被几个用and连接的并列形容词修饰，可以指一件事或几件事根据意义一致原则决定English and American literature are appealing to her.Simple and plain living is a fine quality.and连接两个what从句根据意义一致原则决定What he says and does do not agree.What he says and does doesnt concern me.名词或代词+with, together/along with, as well as, rather than, but, except等+名词或代词与第一个名词或代词单复数一致Tom as well as two of his classmates was invited to the party.2. 由两部分构成的表示物体的名词，如trousers, pants, jeans, glasses, shoes等作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。但是如果这类名词前面用了a pair of 来修饰，谓语动词的单复数往往取决于pair的单复数。These trousers need cleaning.This pair of trousers is mine.3. 数词与量词作主语时的主谓一致。（1） 表示时间、重量、距离、价格、体积等名词的复数作主语时，通常作为整体看待，后接单数谓语动词。如：Twenty years is a long time in ones life.Forty miles was covered in a single night.20,000 dollars is not a small sum of money.（2） “分数/百分数/half/the rest/most of + 名词”作主语，其谓语动词的形式应与of 后的名词保持一致。About one third of the books are worth reading.Half of the wheat crop was ruined by the flood.The rest of the students are going to play tennis.注意：Two thirds of the population in China are farmers.（3） 由“kind(form, type, sort, species, series) of”等修饰的主语，其谓语形式取决于这些词的单复数而不是它们后面所跟的名词。This new type of buses is now on show.All kinds of difficulties have to be overcome.Some new forms of art were discussed at the meeting.A series of debates between the lecturers is scheduled for the next weekend.（4） “ a number of”许多，“a variety of”各种各样的，以及“a group of ”一群/一组，修饰名词作主语，谓语动词要用复数形式。但是，“the number of 的数目”和“the variety of 的种类”修饰名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。A number of students are from the south.The number of students from the north is small.A variety of toys are in that shop.The variety of goods in that shop is surprising.（5） 如果主语由“more than one +名词”构成，谓语动词用单数。More than one student has failed the exam.（6） a quantity of 后面接可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数；a quantity of 后面接不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数。 Quantities of 后面接复数名词或不可数名词，后面的谓语都用复数形式。There is a large quantity of milk in the bottle.A large quantity of books are on sale now.Great quantities of fish were caught that day.With more and more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.4. 定语从句、强调句型中的主谓一致（1） 定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数方面应该与其先行词保持一致。I am not the one who is afraid of difficulty.Dont choose me, who am not fit for this job.This is one of the novels that have been written by Mo Yan.She is the only one of the girls who sings well in class.She is not the only one of the girls who sing well in class.（2） 在强调句型“it is/was + 被强调部分+ that/who+其他成分”中，当被强调部分是句子主语时，“其他成分”中的谓语动词应该和被强调的主语保持一致。It is I who am a teacher.It is the boys who are responsible for the accident.学科网（北京）股份有限公司