高考英语语法主谓一致：表数量词汇做主语时易错点归纳讲义.docx

高中英语语法主谓一致：表数量词汇做主语时易错点归纳a (the) number of作主语时谓语的数一、“the number +复数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。如：The number of the students increased to 500. 学生人数增加到了500人。The number of students absent is 6. 缺席的学生人数为6。The number of jobs is increasing. 工作的数目正在增加。The number of chairs in the room is ten. 屋内椅子共有十把。The number of the unemployed is still increasing. 失业的人还在增加。The number of cars has greatly in creased. 轿车的数量大大地增加了。The number of stamp-collectors is growing apace. 集邮者的人数在迅速增加。And here are the main points of the news again. The pound has fallen against the dollar. The Prime Minister has said that the governments economic policies are working. The number of unemployed has reached five million. There has been a fire. 下面把新闻要点再说一遍。英镑对美元的比价已经下跌。首相说政府的经济政策正在起作用。失业人数已经达到500万。发生了一场大火二、“a number of+复数名词”作主语，谓语用复数。如：A number of people were injured. 不少人受了伤。There were a number of swans on the lake. 湖上有好些天鹅。There are a number of factors which were to consider. 有很多因素我们需要考虑。A number of houses were burned down in the fire. 在火灾中烧掉了不少房子。A large number ofpeople have come to see the exhibition. 许多人来看展览会。A number of workers have recently left the company. 最近有很多工人辞掉了工作。A number of veterans have retired and some are ready to. 很多老队员已退役，另一些也准备退役。A number of people have tried to find the treasure, but they have all failed. 许多人都努力寻找宝藏，但是他们都失败了。“the+形容词”作主语时的主谓一致一、“the+形容词”作主语时，若指一类人，则谓语用复数。如：The young are mostly ambitious. 年轻人多半有雄心。The sick and the wounded were sent home. 伤病员都送回家了。The rich get richer and the poor get poorer. 富者愈富，贫者愈贫。The injured were carried away on stretchers. 用担架把受伤的人抬走了。The old are more likely to catch cold than the young. 老年人比年轻人更容易感冒。二、若指个别或抽象概念，谓语用单数。如：The beautiful is not always the useful. 美的并不总是有用的。The unknown is always something to be feared. 未知的东西总是一种令人害怕的东西。The beautiful is not always the good, and the good is not always the true. 美未必是善，善未必是真。注：有个别的“the+形容词”结构既表示单数意义，也表示复数意义，若用作主语，谓语动词用单数还是复数需视情况而定。如：the good 指“好人”时表复数意义，指“善”时表单数意义；the accused 指一名被告时表单数意义，指多名被告时表复数意义。比较：The accused was acquitted of the charge. 被告被宣告无罪。(指一人)The accused were acquitted of the charge. 被告均被宣告无罪。(指多人)many a与more than one作主语时谓语的数many a的意思是“许多”，more than one的意思是“不止一个”，从意义上，它们表示复数，但用作主语时，谓语却习惯上用单数。如：1. many aMany a fine man has died in that battle. 许多优秀的士兵死于那次战役。Many a ship has been wrecked on those rocks. 许多船只毁于那些礁石之上。Many a young man has tried and failed. 很多年轻人都试过，而且失败了。Many a successful store has paid its rent cheerfully. 许多成功的店铺都非常乐意地付了房租。2. more than oneMore than one man has been dismissed. 不止一人被解雇了。More than one person is involved in this. 与此事有牵连的人不止一个。If things dont get better, more than one person is going to have to find a new job. 如果情况没有好转，需要另谋新工作的就不是个别人了。比较：Many a boy likes swimming.=Many boys like swimming. 许多男孩子喜欢游泳。More than one student has read the book.=More students than one have read the book. 不止一个学生读过这书。one in out of作主语时的主谓一致 当one in或one out of用作主语时，其后谓语动词通常用单数，因为真正用作主语的是one。如：Only one in ten students has passed the examination. 只有十分之一的学生通过了考试。One out of twelve bottles was broken. 每12个瓶子中有一个破了。但是，在非正式文体中有时也用复数谓语。如：Nationwide, one in five adults are illiterate. 就全国范围而言，五个成年人中有一个是文盲。population作主语的主谓一致问题1. 表示意义较抽象的“人口”时，表单数意义；表示某地区的全体居民时，为集合名词，既可表示单数意义(视为整体)也可表示复数意义(考虑其个体)。如：Most of the population has have fled. 大部分居民都逃走了。Chinas population is by far the largest of any country. 中国是全世界人口最多的国家。What percent of the population read reads books? 识字的人占人口总数的百分之几?Half the worlds population doesnt dont get enough to eat. 世界有一半人口没有足够的食物吃。注：有的人认为，当population作主语时谓语动词一般用单数，但若前面有分数或百分数修饰时，谓语动词用复数这是不准确的，以上例句均引自权威词典，完全可以说明这一问题！2. 若其后跟的是系表结构，且表语为复数，谓语动词通常用复数。如：One third of the population here are farmers. 这里三分之一的人口是工人。more than one作主语谓语动词用单数还是复数请看两个句子：More than one boy _ read the story.More boys than one _ read the story.A. have，have                        B. has，has                        C. have，has                        D. has，have此题应选D。该题很容易误选A，认为既然more than one意为“不只一个”(多个)，那么其谓语就应该用复数。 其实more than one 用作主语时，谓语通常要用单数(要从形式一致来考虑)。more than one用作主语时，要注意以下两个结构：“more than one+单数名词”用作主语，其谓语通常用单数(即从形式考虑)“more+复数名词+than one”用作主语，其谓语通常要用复数也就是说，以上结构中名词的数决定其后动词的数。不只一个学生受到惩罚。正：More than one student was punished.正：More students than one were punished.类似以上用法的还有：many a+单数名词(意为：许多)，用作主语，谓语用单数(即从形式一致考虑)many+复数名词(意为：许多)，用作主语，谓语要用复数也就是说，以上结构中名词的数决定其后动词的数。很多小孩在那儿玩。正：Many a child was playing there.正：Many children were playing there.means作主语时谓语动词用单数还是复数means 表单数意义还是复数意义? 用作主语时，谓语动词用单数还是复数？如：All possible means _ been tired.Every possible means _ been tired.A. have，have                        B. has，has                        C. have，has                         D. has，have此题应选C。名词means(方法)的单复数同形，用作主语时，其谓语的单复数要视具体含义而定：1. 如果means与all，such，these，those等词连用，则其含义应该是复数：These means are very good. 这些方法很好。Such means sound interesting，but in fact theyreimpossible. 那样的方法听起来有趣，但实际上是不可能的。2. 如果means与a，such a，this，that，every等词连用，则其含义应该是单数：Such a means is really unpleasant. 这样的方法确实是令人不愉快。There is an effective means of doing it. 做此事有一种很有效的方法。3. 有时从句意和上下文无法确定means 到底是单数还是复数，则其谓语用单数或复数均可以：做这事还有其他的什么办法吗?正：Are there any other means of doing it?正：Is there any other means of doing it?没有好的方法。正：There is no good means.正：There are no good means.is a 还是 are a谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致，请看下面一题：We Chinese _ a hard-working people. A. is                         B. are                         C. is being                        D. are being此题应选B。这里考生要注意的是：我们通常说的是主谓一致(即谓语与主语保持一致)，而不是表谓一致(即不是谓语与表语一致)，本题意为：我们中国人是一个勤劳的民族。注意以下类似例子：These two dictionaries are a present for my best friend Jim. 这两本词典是我送给我最好朋友吉姆的礼物。The planets were the object of his study. 这些行星是他研究的目标。The most important thing I need is books. 我需要的最重要的东西是书。The countrys leading export is watches. 这个国家的主输出品是手表。The best part of the meal is the coffee and cookies. 这餐饭最好的部分是咖啡和饼干。但是有些主语由于本身具有单数和复数两种可能，它的谓语到底用单数还是复数，要看具体的语境(多数情况是看其后面词语的单复数)：1. a. Who is your brother? 谁是你的兄弟?b. Who are your brothers? 哪些是你的兄弟?2. a. What he said is quite correct. 他所说的完全正确。b. What he left me are only a few old books. 他 给我留下的只是几本旧书。minority作主语时谓语用单数还是复数minority表示“少数”时，为集合名词；单独用作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式（具体用法与majority大致同相）。如：The minority is subordinate to the majority. 少数服从多数。Only a minority of people support these new laws. 只有少数人支持这些新法令。The nation wants peace; only a minority want the war to continue. 全国希望和平，只有少数人希望战争继续下去。Only a minority of British households do does not have a car. 英国只有少数家庭没有汽车。management作主语时谓语用单数还是复数1. 若表示“管理层”“管理人员”，为集合名词；用作主语时，谓语动词可用单数（视为整体）或复数（考虑其个体）。如：The management is having talks with the workers. 管理人员正在和工人谈判。The management want all the employees to be punctual. 管理阶层要求所有职员准时。The management was were in favor of the plan. 经理部赞成这个计划。2. 若表示“管理”，为不可数名词，用作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：Poor management sank the project. 管理不善导致这个项目失败。School management is often too detached from the classroom. 学校管理往往太脱离课堂。couple作主语时的主谓一致问题couple表示“夫妇”“夫妻”且用作主语时，谓语动词可用单数（视为整体，尤其是当有each, every, only one等修饰时）或复数（考虑其个体）。如：The couple were married last week. 这一对夫妇是上星期结的婚。Each couple was asked to complete a form. 要求每对夫妇填一张表。有时语境上不明确强调个体还是整体，则用单数或复数均可：The couple is are spending its their honeymoon. 这对新婚夫妻在度蜜月。另外，couple还可表示“一些”“几个”，此时表示复数意义，用作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。如：我的几个朋友准备开办一个旅行社。误：A couple of my friends is going to open a travel agency.正：A couple of my friends are going to open a travel agency.crew作主语时的主谓一致问题1.crew表示飞机或轮船的全体工作人员时，是集合名词。用作主语时，若视为整体，谓语用单数；若考虑其个体，谓语用复数。如：The crew is large. 工作人员众多。The crew of the plane are ten in all. 这架飞机的机组人员一共10人。The crew are paid to do all the work on the ship. 船员被雇佣在船上工作。2.若crew受到some of, most of, many of等的修饰，谓语要用复数。如：The ship was wrecked, and most of the crew were drowned. 那艘船意外遇难，大部分船员都淹死了。3.另外，crew本身通常不用复数，除非是表示不同船或不同飞机的全体工作人员，此时若用作主语，谓语要用复数。jewel和jewellery作主语时的主谓一致问题1. jewel有两个意思是，一是表示“宝石”，为可数名词，用作主语时，其后谓语动词的数由jewel的数决定（即jewel为单数，谓语动词用单数；jewel为复数，谓语动词用复数）；二是表示“（镶有宝石的）首饰”，此时通常用复数形式，此时若用作主语，谓语动词通常用复数。如：A jewel has fell off her ring. 他的戒指掉了一颗宝石。The jewels were her personal property. 这些首饰是她的私人财产。2. jewellery（也可写成jewlry）用于表示“珠宝”“首饰”的总称，为不可数名词，只表示单数意义；若用作主语，谓语动词通常用单数。如：All her jewellery was in pawn. 她所有的珠宝首饰都典当了。Her sparkling jewellery serves as the perfect foil for her fine complexion. 她戴着闪闪生辉的首饰，更显得容貌姣好。majority作主语时的主谓一致问题 1. the majority表示“大多数”时，为集合名词；单独用作主语时，如果强调整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式。如：The majority agree agrees with me. 大多数人同意我的意见。The majority was were in favour of the proposal. 多数人赞成这个建议。但是若单独用的 the majority后跟有复数表语，则谓语通常要用复数。如：The majority are young people. 大多数是年轻人。2. “the majority of+复数名词”用作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数，但偶尔也可用单数。如：The majority of his books are kept upstairs. 他的大部分书藏在楼上。The majority of people realize the importance of limiting population growth. 大多数人意识到了限制人口的重要性。The majority of students were was indifferent to the political meeting. 大多数学生对政治集会漠不关心。3. “the majority of+集合名词”用作主语时，谓语动词可用单数（视为整体）或复数（考虑其个体）。如：The vast majority of the population lives live in utter misery. 这里的绝大多数人生活在极度贫困之中。4. “the majority of+不可数名词”用作主语时，谓语动词总是用单数。如：The majority of the work has been finished. 大部分工作已完成。The majority of the damage is easy to repair. 这次的损害大部分容易补救。注：按传统语法，the majority of只用于修饰可数名词复数或具有复数意义的集合名词，但在现代英语中也可用于修饰不可数名词。5. “a majority of+复数名词”用作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。如：A majority of visitors have arrived. 大多数参观者已经到了。A clear majority of voters were in favour of the motion. 绝大多数选民赞成这一动议。A majority of people seem to prefer TV to radio. 大部分人似乎喜欢看电视而不喜欢听收音机。学科网（北京）股份有限公司