高考英语一轮复习部分非谓语动词考点讲义.docx
高考英语非谓语动词汇考法too.to.句式的用法一、too.to.句式的结构分析too.to.句式的结构形式为“too+形容词或副词+to+动词原形",通常翻译成“太而不能”。如:She's too mean to make a donation. 她很小气,不肯捐款。Now I'm too busy to discuss it with you.我现在太忙,没时间和你讨论。He is too young to know right from wrong. 他太小,还分不清是非。The ice is too thin to bear your weight.冰太薄,承受不住你的重量。The film is too small to compete against large companies.该公司太小无法与大公司竞争。二、for sb引出不定式的逻辑主语根据语境的需要,不定式前可以带有一个由介词for引出的逻辑主语。如:He's too old for you to marry. 他比你大得多,你不宜嫁给他。The box is too heavy for me to carry. 这箱子太重了,我搬不动。The road was too narrow for cars to pass.路很窄,汽车过不去。He spoke rather too quickly for me to understand. 他说得有些太快了 我听不懂。三、关于不定式是否带宾语一般说来,too.to句式中的不定式可根据它是否是及物动词来确定它是否带宾语。如:She is too ill to move.她病得很厉害,动弹不得。(不定式to move不及物,无需带宾语)I'm too short to reach the apples on the tree.我太矮够不看树上的苹果。(不定式to reach后带有军语the apples on theTree不过,如果句子的主语与后面的不定式有动宾关系,则后面的及物动词不定式不能带有自己的代词宾语。如:This coffee is too hot to drink.这咖啡太汤,不能喝。(这单的to buy为及物动词,但由干句子主语this coffee与不定式todrink之间为动宾关系,所以不能再在其后加上代词it作宾语同时要注意,如果句子的主语与后面的不定式之间为动宾关系,同时其中的不定式为不及物动词,此时就要在不及物动词后面加上合适的介词。如:The light is too weak to read by光线太暗不能看书。(句末的介词by不能省略)四、其中的不定式是否可以用被动式一方面,如果句子主语与其后不定式有动宾关系,其后作为及物动词的不定式不再带宾语。但此时的不定式习惯上也不用被动语态(即用主动式表示被动意义)。如:This problem is too difficult to solve.这个问题太难,无法解决。但在某些特别强调被动意义的语境中,也可能用被动式。如:He spoke in a voice too low to be heard.他说话的声音太低,听不见。He is too young to be sent to America for advanced study他太年轻,不能送到美国去深造。五、too.to.有时可表示肯定意义在以下几种情况,too.to,结构可以表示肯定意义,而不是否定意义:1.当不定式前有否定词修饰时。比较:He is too wise not to see that他很英明不会看不出这一点。He is too smart not to jump at the chance他这人很精明,不会错过这个机会。She is too careful not to notice it.isn't she?她非常细心,不会不注意到这一点,是吗?2.当副词too的前面有否定词修饰时。如:English is not too difficult to learn英语并不太难学。It is not too late to learn. 只要肯学习,时间并不晚。But l am not too busy to eat and drink. 可是我还没忙到陌不上吃喝的程度。3.当副词too后面修饰的形容词是glad.ready,pleased等表示“积极”意义的词汇时。如:I'm only too glad to be of help. 我非常乐意帮忙。Everyone here is too ready to help others.这里人们都很乐意帮助他人。注:这类句子中的too通常含有very之意,且too前通常会有only,just等副词修饰。have+宾语+非谓语动词(1) have +宾语+不定式表示有某事要做,其中的不定式为定语。如:She didn't have the courage to refuse.她没有勇气拒绝。表示因为有A结果发生了B,其中的不定式为结果状语。如:I had the luck to find him at home. 我真幸运,找他时他正在家。(2)have+宾语+动词原形该结构中的动词原形,实为省略了to的不定式,用作宾语补足语,其中的have为使役动词。该结构的主要用法有:1表示叫(请、使、让)某人做某事。如:I'll have the gardener plant some trees. 我要让园丁种些树。表示容忍或允许某人做某事(用于否定句,尤与 won't,can't连用)。如:I won't have you tell me what to do. 我不能让你对我做的 事指手划脚。(3)have+宾语+现在分词该结构中的现在分词用作宾语补足语,其中的have为使役动词。该结构的主要用法有:表示使(让)某人(某事物)一直做在做某事或处于做某事的状态之中。如:Within minutes he had the whole audience laughing and clapping,没出几分钟他就让全体听众笑起来,鼓起掌来。表示容忍或允许某人做某事(用于否定句,尤与 won't,can't连用)。如:He won't have boys arriving late.他不允许孩子们迟到。I won't have you smoking at your age. 我不能让你在这个年纪就抽烟。说服或命令某人做某事。如:He had me doing all kinds of jobs for her他叫我为她做各种事情。注:have difficult(problem)doing sth是英语中一个很有用的句式,其中的have表示“有”。如:We had the greatest difficulty imaginable getting here in time.我们为了及时赶到此地,经历了可能想见的最大的困难。(4)have+宾语+过去分词该结构中的过去分词目作室语补足语,其中的have为使役动词。该结构的最大特占就是,其中的过手分词与其前的官语有被动关系。具体说来,该结构有以下主要用法:表示请(让)别人做某事。如:We had the machine repaired. 我们请人修理了机器。She's gone into hospital to have her appendix taken out她已住院去切除阑尾。注:有时指无意志的行为。如:He had his salary raised. 他加新了。表示经历或遭遇某情况。如:He had his finger cut.他的手指弄伤了。I had my watch stolen yesterday. 我的表昨天被人偷去了。表示主动地完成某动作或解决某事。如:I've had all my mistakes corrected. 我已把所有的错误都改正过来了。I have had everything prepared beforehand.我已事先把一切都准备好了。表示容忍或允许做某事(用于否定句,尤与 won't,can't 等连用)。如:We won't have anything said against the Party. 我们不允 许有人这样攻击党。make+宾语+非谓语动词(1) make+宾语+动词原形表示“使某人或某物做某事”,其中用作宾语补足语的不定式不能带to,即用动词原形。如,It's no use trying to make her hurry.想催她快点是没用的。The mixture of drinks made me vomit.我喝了温合饮料后呕叶起来。注意:这类结构中不定式不带 to,但在被动语态口须带 to。如:He was made to work twenty hours a day. 他被迫一天工作20小时。另外,若make不表示“使”,而表示其它意思,表示“做”“制造”等,则情况不同。如:We make candles to give light. 我们做蜡烛照明。He made a box to put his money in. 他做了个盒子来装钱。(2) make+宾语+过去分词表示“某人或某物被",其中的过去分词表示被动。如:He tried to make his ideas known.他设法让别人知道他的想法。She had to shout to make herself heard 她以须大声喊才能让人听见她说话。注意:英语习惯上不用"make+宾语+现在分词”结构。如:他让司机在外面等他。: He had the driver waiting for him outside误:He made the driver waiting for him outside学科网(北京)股份有限公司