高三英语一轮语法知识梳理之现在分词的用法.docx

高考英语语法知识点讲解-现在分词的用法现在分词 一、现在分词的形式一、现在分词的形式1.肯定式2.否定式（1）not doingHe stood helpless，not knowing what to do.他无可奈何地站在那里，不知如何是好。（2）not having doneNot having done it right，I tried it again.因为没做对，我又试了一次。二、现在分词的句法作用二、现在分词的句法作用1.作定语What disappointing news！ 多么令人失望的消息！The story had a satisfying ending.这故事有一个令人满意的结局。The man standing by the window will give us a report.站在窗口的那人将给我们做报告。There is a gentleman asking to see you.有一位先生要求见你。【提示】 单个的分词作定语时常置于被修饰词的前面，但分词短语作定语时要后置。2.作表语amazing 令人惊异的astonishing 令人惊讶的disappointing 令人失望的exciting 令人激动的frightening 令人恐惧的interesting 令人感兴趣的moving 动人的relaxing 使人放松的 shocking 令人震惊的surprising 令人惊讶的 worrying 令人担忧的 puzzling 使人迷惑的This book is quite interesting.这本书很有趣。The news is encouraging.这消息令人鼓舞。3.作宾语补足语（1）作及物动词的宾语补足语用现在分词作宾补的动词：bring 引起catch 碰上（撞上）discover 发现feel 感觉find 发现 get 使have 使hear 听见keep 使 leave 听任listen to 听着 look at 看着notice 注意到 observe 观察see 看见 send 使（突然做某事）set 引起（做某事）start 使（开始做某事）watch 观看His letter left me feeling pretty humble.他的信使我感到自己很卑微。This news started me thinking.这消息使我深思。（2）有些动词可接不定式或现在分词作宾补（1）feel sb.do sth.感觉某人做了某事 feel sb.doing sth.感觉某人正在做某事（2）have sb.do sth.让某人做某事 have sb.doing sth.感觉某人一直做某事（3）hear sb.do sth.听见某人做了某事 hear sb.doing sth.听见某人正在做某事（4）notice sb.do sth.注意到某人做了某事 notice sb.doing sth.注意到某人正在做某事（5）see sb.do sth.看见某人做了某事 see sb.doing sth.看见某人正在做某事（6）watch sb.do sth.观察到某人做了某事 watch sb.doing sth.观察到某人正在做某事I saw the children playing in the street.我看见孩子们在街上玩。I saw the children enter a shop.我看见孩子们进了一家商店。【提示】have sb.doing sth.意为“使某人一直做在做某事”。She had her audience listening attentively.她使听众听得入神。The film had us all sitting with excitement.这部影片让我们大家激动不已。wont/cant have sb.doing sth.意为“不容忍或允许某人做某事”。He wont have boys arriving late.他不允许男孩们迟到。I cant have you smoking at your age.我不能让你在这个年纪就抽烟。4.作状语（1）时间状语Hearing the news，they set off for the station.听到这个消息，他们出发去车站。Seeing the cat，the mouse ran off.见到猫，老鼠就跑了。【提示】 有时when，while，unless等连词也可以保留。While crossing the road，she met an old friend.过马路时她遇见了一位老朋友。（2）原因状语Being sick I was absent from school yesterday.因为生病，我昨天没去上学。Not knowing his address，I cant write to him.由于不知道他的地址，我无法给他写信。（3）条件状语Working hard，you will succeed.如果努力工作，你就可以成功。Adding them all up，we can find the answer.如果把它们加起来，我们就可得到答案。（4）让步状语Admitting what you say，we think you are still in the wrong.尽管我们承认你说的话，你仍然是错的。Living miles away，he attended the course.虽然住在几英里以外，他仍去上课。（5）伴随状语The boy came running to meet me.那男孩跑着来迎接我。They went along singing happily.他们一边走一边欢欣唱歌。【提示】静态动词sit，stand，lie等常接分词短语作伴随状语。She sat there，reading last night.昨晚她坐在那儿读书。I stood，leaning against a tree.我靠着树站立。He lay in bed，reading a book.他躺在床上读书。（6）方式状语Using his fingers，he drew a picture quickly.他用手指很快就画成了一幅图。He earns a living driving a truck.他靠开卡车谋生。（7）结果状语The child slipped and fell，hitting his head against the door.这孩子滑倒了，头撞到了门上。The wind blew away the earth，leaving only sand.风把泥土刮走了，只留下了沙子。【提示】现在分词做结果状语则表示自然的结果。He died，leaving his wife with five children.他死了，留下他妻子和五个孩子。动词不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。He hurried to the station only to find the train gone.他匆匆忙忙地赶到火车站，却发现火车已经开走了。（8）作插入语generally speaking 一般说来strictly speaking 严格的说judging from 从判断all things considered 从整体来看Judging from his face，he must be ill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。Generally speaking，dogs can run faster than pigs.总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。三、现在分词的时态三、现在分词的时态1.一般时：表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生。When we arrived，we found him sleeping.我们到达时发现他在睡觉。Living in the suburbs，we have few visitors.因为住在郊外，我们没什么访客。2.完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前。Having cleaned the desks，we began reading.擦完桌子后，我们便开始看书。Not having finished his homework，the boy didnt go to sleep.因为没有完成作业，这男孩没有睡觉。学科网（北京）股份有限公司