Unit1学案--高中英语人教版选择性必修第四册.docx

一词多义1nail n. 指甲；趾甲；钉子vt.(用钉子)钉牢；固定He drove in a nail with one stroke of the hammer.I have tried to discourage him from biting nails.He nailed boards together to make a box. 2dismiss vt. 让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除；开除He dismissed me from the club because of my serious mistake.The pupils were dismissed from school. She tried to dismiss the idea from her mind. 知识点解析test out 检验；测试教材原句P2 It was going to be tested out by Larry's wife，Claire.例1Scientists test out theories by experiment.例2 The Ferrari team wanted to test their new car out on the racetrack. 知识拓展test sb.out试用，试验，考验(某人)test for 检验成分等；对人或物做检测或化验、测试等put.to the test 使经受考验；检验test.on. 在.上做实验stand the test of time 经得起时间的考验即学即练单句语法填空The software has been tested_ viruses.My new boss gave me the most difficult clients to deal with.I felt he was really testing me_ to see if I would cope.appointment n预约；约会；委任教材原句P2 She had an appointment to paint her nails，then she went into an expensive clothes shop.例1 They made an appointment for the second day of May.例2 He has taken up an appointment as Professor of Chemistry.造句 I'd like to make an appointment to see the doctor. 知识拓展(1)have/make an appointment with sb.约见某人；与某人约会keep/break an appointment 守约/违约(2)appoint vt. 委派；任命；指定；约定；确定appoint sb.to be/as. 任命某人(某职)appoint sb.to do sth. 委派某人做某事appoint time/place for. 安排/确定时间/地点(3)appointed adj. 约定的；指定的即学即练单句语法填空The man has been appointed_(be) managing director of the department.I've got a cold and I'll make an_ (appoint) with my doctor.The competitors, excited and energetic, gathered together at the_(appoint) time, and set off at the school gate at 7: 00 am. dismiss vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；拒绝考虑教材原句P3 The guests would be arriving soon，so Claire dismissed Tony for the rest of the night.例1 It was not easy to dismiss the matter from his mind.例2 He just laughed and dismissed my proposal as unrealistic造句The class was dismissed early today. 知识拓展dismiss from将(某人)从开除；解雇；使退去be dismissed from one's service (某人)被免职；被解雇dismiss fear/doubts from one's mind 消除(某人)心里的恐惧/疑虑dismissal n. 解雇，开除即学即练单句语法填空The minister _(dismiss) from his office last week.I could not understand why Mr.Rochester had not asked the police to arrest her，or at least dismissed her _ her service.declare vt. 表明；宣称to state sth. firmly and clearly 宣布；公布to say sth. officially or publicly申报教材原句P3 She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day，and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.例1 If you have nothing to declare, please go through the Green Channel. 例2 He declared that he would never steal again.造句Most people declared for peace and against war.知识拓展(1)declare sb./sth.to be n./adj. 宣布/宣称/某人/某事为declare that. 宣布/宣称/声明declare war on/upon. 向宣战declare against 声明反对declare for 声明赞成(2)declaration n. 宣布，宣告，声明即学即练 我在会上声明我不支持他。_知识要点5 guilty adj 内疚的；有罪的；有过失的教材原句 p2 Although it was completely innocent, Claire felt guilty. 例1 John had a guilty look on his face, leaving all the tasks to me.例2He was set free, for there wasnt enough evidence to prove him guilty. 知识拓展be/feel guilty at/about (对)感到内疚guilt n. 内疚,过失a sense of guilt 负罪感即学即练我因没有常去看望父母而感到内疚. _my parents more often.知识要点6 suspend vt. 悬；挂to hang sth. from sth. else 暂停；暂缓to officially stop / delay sth. for a time教材原句 p3Claire tried to help by working on a light suspended from the ceiling, but she fell off the ladder. 例1 2)Due to lack of funds, we have no alternative but to suspend the project.例2 Sales of the drug will be suspended until more tests are completed.造句 A lamp was suspended from the ceiling.知识拓展(1)be suspended from the ceiling吊在天花板上be suspended from school/club被勒令停学/退出俱乐部(2)suspense n.悬念;焦虑 in suspense悬而未决;处于焦灼等待状态 (3)suspension n. 暂停；中止；暂时停学（停职）即学即练The builders worked on wooden platforms, _(suspend) by ropes from the roof of the building.知识要点7superior adj. 更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的教材原句P6 In sci­fi stories，robots often become superior and take over.例1 You're a very superior young woman.例2Team 1 was superior in number to Team 2.造句The new products are far superior to the old ones. 知识拓展superior to比更好；更胜一筹be superior in 在方面优越be superior to 胜过；比好；不为所动/屈服rise superior to 超越；不为所影响即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子The microwave is vastly superior _ design to all other models.A man with a strong will may_ temptation.意志坚强的人可以不为诱惑所动。 知识要点8conflict with与冲突或抵触教材原句P7 A ROBOT MUST OBEY THE ORDERS GIVEN IT BY HUMAN BEINGS EXCEPT WHERE SUCH ORDERS WOULD CONFLICT WITH THE FIRST LAW.例1 He held firm opinions which usually conflicted with mine.例2The two reports of what had happened conflicted with each other.知识拓展in conflict with 与冲突/与矛盾come into conflict with 与冲突/与矛盾即学即练一句多译He is so cautious that he tries not to_ his wife.He is so cautious that he tries not to_ his wife. He is so cautious that he tries not to_ his wife.他很谨慎，尽量避免与妻子发生冲突。 知识要点9turn out关掉；熄灭；出席，参加；结果是教材原句P8 Night came as if a lamp was being turned out，and in another moment came the day.例1 About 70% of the population turned out for the election.例2 He said he was a doctor，but later he turned out to be a cheat.知识拓展turn to 转向；求助于turn in 上交turn off 关掉turn on 打开turn down 关小；调低；拒绝turn up 出现；到场；出席；出来；来到；调大(声音、火等)即学即练单句语法填空When Jack turns up，please turn_ the radio，for he is a little deaf.Please turn_ me for help when you are in trouble.She has turned_ an invitation to visit that country. 知识要点10fall away(逐渐)减少；消失，向下倾斜教材原句P8 As my pace grew faster，the walls of the laboratory fell away，and I was left in the open air.例1 I saw that the ground fell away and down to a river，far below me.例2 The view from the top was wonderful and our tiredness fell away. 知识拓展fall apart分裂；解体；崩溃fall back 后退；倒退fall behind 落后(于对手)fall down 跌倒；失败；倒塌即学即练完成句子Angie fell_ because she had lost everything.He fell_ when we were climbing the mountain.The deal fell_ partly because there were a lot of unanswered questions.知识要点11urge n强烈的欲望；冲动，多与for或to do 搭配 vt.催促；力劝；驱策教材原句P8 I had a strong urge to look at the random things that were being flashed before my eyes!例1 Urged on by the crowed, the Italian team scored two more goals.例2 We all urged him to go ahead with his plan.造句Suddenly she had an overwhelming urge to be with her son. 知识拓展(1)urge sth./sb.on 催促某物/某人前进urge sb.to do sth. 催促某人做某事urge that.(should) 动词原形 催促；极力主张It is urged that. 坚决要求；极力主张(2)have an urge to do sth. 有做某事的欲望/冲动(3)urgent adj. 紧急的；紧迫的即学即练单句语法填空/一句多译I urged that_ to prevent such a thing happening again. I urged_ to prevent such a thing happening again.我极力主张他应该立刻采取措施阻止这样的事情再次发生。知识要点12 alarm vt. give a warning or feeling of danger to (a person or an animal); frighten; disturb 使警觉；使惊恐；惊动 n. a warning of danger, typically a loud noise or flashing light 警报fear and excitement caused by the expectation of danger 惊恐教材原句 however, when she first saw the robot, she felt alarmed.例1 They were alarmed at the negative effect of the Internet.例2 “Whats up?” he asked in alarm. 知识拓展alarmed adj. 担心的；害怕的alarming adj. 令人惊恐的in alarm 惊恐地be alarmed at/ by 对感到忧虑或害怕be alarmed to do sth. 害怕做某事即学即练His son always feels stressed out, which makes him_ (alarm).I was very_ to hear the_ news that the situation was getting worse and worse. (alarm)Sentence Patterns形式主语it教材原句P2 Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot，but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him. 例1 It is important that you arrive on time.例2It is necessary that he come next Monday.造句It is natural that he changed his mind.知识拓展英语中把主语从句后置，同时把形式主语it放在主语位置的常见句型有：(1)It is过去分词(reported，believed，said，announced等)主语从句 (该结构可与“Sb./Sth. be过去分词to do.”结构相互转换)(2)It不及物动词(seem，happen，turn out，appear等)主语从句(3)It is名词词组(a pity，a fact，a wonder，an honour等)主语从句(4)It is adj.(clear，natural，obvious，possible，likely等)主语从句即学即练完成句子/一句多译_ the film star will come to our city.据报道那位电影明星将来我们市。_ you can't go with us to enjoy the concert.你不能跟我们一块去欣赏音乐会真是可惜。_ he studied abroad，but we don't know which country he studied in.He_ abroad，but we don't know which country he studied in.据说他在国外学习过，但是我们不知道他是在哪个国家学的。 be being 形容词教材原句P3 Tony told her she was being sensitive and was just as good as Gladys.例1Is he being funny? 例2The children are being quiet，I wonder what they're up to.造句并非所有人都认为政府这样做特别慷慨。Not everyone thinks that the government is being particularly generous. 知识拓展“be being adj.”结构用于陈述句，表示“被陈述对象一时的反常举止或行为以及说话人的惊讶、不满、责备、讽刺等情绪”。即学即练完成句子He must be wondering why everyone is being so rude to him他一定正在纳闷为什么大家都对他如此粗鲁。Reg is being very nice all of a sudden.What's his game? 雷格突然变得非常和蔼可亲，他在耍什么花招？ 3强调句型教材原句P8 It was at ten o'clock today that the first of all Time Machines began its career.句中It was at ten o'clock today that为强调句型：it's被强调部分that 其他成分。例1It was John who/that bought an old bike yesterday in a marketplace.是约翰昨天在市场上买了辆旧自行车。例2It was not until I got off the bus that I realized it.直到下车之后我才意识到这事。造句我把雨伞落在了教室里。It was in the classroom that I left my umbrella. 知识拓展强调句型的基本结构为：it is/was被强调部分that/who其他成分(1)此结构中it 没有词汇意义，只是引出被强调部分。(2)此强调句型只能强调主语、宾语、状语，不能强调谓语。(3)被强调的成分是表示人的词时用who/that，而被强调是其他时(事物、时间、地点等)只能用that。即学即练单句语法填空Why is_ that you put off the meeting?It was me_ he helped yesterday.It was Susan and John who_ (be) absent from school yesterday.教材高考1.She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day，and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.(2018·浙江卷)In texts，you don't have to declare who you are or even say hello.2.She had an appointment to paint her nails，then she went into an expensive clothes shop.(2019·全国卷) Postpone his appointment.3.He suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return.(2018·浙江卷)Alexander Graham Bell，the inventor，suggested that people say，“Ahoy！”.单句语法填空1There are many science_ (fiction) to choose from at the library.2The officers had run the risk of _(dismiss)3These_ (bonus) will be paid when your savings plan matures in ten years' time.4Crocodilians，he explained，were much more like birds_ snakes.5They could accept this suggestion_ dignity.6May I make_ appointment for sometime early this afternoon?7I can't get this lid off It seems to_ (nail) down.8The two_ (saleswoman) were busily trying to keep up with the demand.9These processes cannot contain any activity that causes them _ (suspend)10We need to cover all of these situations before_ (declare) our work finished.短语填空test out；make an appointment with；dismiss from；declare for1When the proposal was put to a vote，they all_ it.2The model must_ before you put the product on sale.3The director will_ those to seek the job.4The worker _ his post for unprofessional conduct.课文语法填空A robot 1. _(use) for housework 2. _(test) out in a family.He looked like a tall and handsome man with smooth black hair，3. _(speak) in a deep voice.Larry was going to be away from home so he asked such a robot 4. _(accompany) his wife Claire.Claire didn't like the idea at the beginning，5. _ she agreed to it at last.6. _ her first sight of Tony，Claire was alarmed.When Tony offered to help her dressing，Claire felt 7. _(embarrass)Tony began to win Claire's trust 8. _(gradual)He helped Claire realize her 9. _(dream) by making her home elegant，giving her 10. _ new hairstyle，changing the makeup she wore and giving her advice on her dresses.8 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司