高考英语语法知识讲解（强调句 虚拟句 倒装句）讲义.docx

高考英语语法知识讲解一、强调句【定义】通过各种方式对句子中的某个部分进行强调，从而起到修辞的作用。例句：It was Lily who broke the cup. 是丽丽打碎了杯子。【分类】1.使用强调句型表示强调It is/was +被强调部分+that/who+其他例句：It was her who I saw yesterday.我昨天看到的是她。Is/Was it +被强调部分+that/who+其他例句：Was it her who I saw yesterday？我昨天看到的是她吗？被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+is/was+it+that/who+其他？例句：when and where was it that you were born?你什么时候出生的？出生在哪里？It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其他例句：It was not until his mother came back that the boy went to bed.直到他妈妈回来，男孩才肯上床睡觉。2.使用一个单词表示强调do/does/did+动词前可表示强调例句：I do complete my tasks.我真的完成了我的任务。never/only/very/mere /perfect可表示强调例句：This is a very question that deserves careful analysis.这真是一个值得仔细分析的问题。二、虚拟句【定义】虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜疑、建议或与事实不符的假设等，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。例句：If I were a bird, I would be able to fly in the air.如果我是鸟，我就能在空中飞行。【分类】1.虚拟条件句条件从句与现在事实不一致，其句型为：If 主语过去时，主语 should (could, would, 或might) 动词原形例句：If I were you, I would try.如果我是你，我会试一试。条件从句与过去事实不一致，其句型为：If 主语had过去分词，主语 should（could, would, 或might） have 过去分词例句：If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have been saved.如果昨晚医生来了，这个孩子也许可以救活。条件从句与将来事实不一致，其句型为：If 主语过去时/ should 动词原形/ were to动词原形，主语 should (could, would, 或might) 动词原形例句：If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.如果明天下雨，我们就待在家里。注： 条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装。例句： Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have been saved.如果昨晚医生来了，这个孩子也许可以救活。 If条件句中绝对不可以出现would。2.从句中的虚拟语气 定语从句虚拟语气：表示：“早该做某事了”其句型为：It is (high / about) time that + 主语+ 动词的过去式/ should+ 动词原形例句：It is high time you should go to work. 你早该上班了。 主语从句虚拟语气：表达惊异、惋惜、遗憾、理应如此等意义其句型为：It is a pity / a shame / no wonder.that.It is suggested / requested / desired / proposed /. that.It worries me that.It is admirable / necessary / natural.that.例句：It is a pity that we should not meet last night. 真遗憾我们昨天晚上没有见过面。 表语从句或同位语从句虚拟语气：表示请求、要求、命令、建议等名词advice, desire, decision, idea, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish充当句子的主语而后面接表语从句或它们后面接同位语时；其句型：(should) + 动词原形。例句：He told us his idea that he should go to university. 他告诉了我们他的想法：他想上大学。 宾语从句虚拟语气：advise, ask, demand, desire, decide, insist(坚决要求) , order, propose, request, suggest(建议) 表示请求、要求、命令或建议等意义的动词所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气；其句型：(should) + 原形动词。例句：He insisted that he hadnt taken the cup. 他坚持说他没有拿那个杯子。believe, expect, suspect, think, imagine 等动词的否定句或疑问句中的宾语从句常用虚拟语气。其句型：should + 原形动词。例句：Can you believe that she should do it? 你能相信她竟然做到了？wish 之后的宾语从句，表示一种没有实现或根本不可能实现的愿望，常用虚拟语气；其句型：发生在主句动作之前，从句用had + 过去分词或者would / could / might / should + have + 过去分词；与主句动作同时发生，从句用过去时(be 用were )；发生在主句动作之后，从句用would / could / might / should + 原形动词例句：I wish she did not show up. 我真希望她没有出现。 状语从句虚拟语气方式状语从句：as if, as though 引导的方式状语从句常用虚拟语气；其句型：发生在主句动作之前，其从句用had + 过去分词；与主句动作同时发生，其从句用过去时(be 用were )；发生在主句动作之后，would / could / might / should+原形动词；例句：He coughed twice as if someone should come. 他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。目的状语从句：在 for fear that, in case, lest 引导的目的状语从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为：should + 动词原形。并且 should 不能省略；例句：He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他很早就出发了以防迟到。so that, in order that 所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为：can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 动词原形；例句：He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能挺得更清楚。让步状语从句：though, although等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为 should +动词原形例句：Though he should often be late, he is a good student. 尽管他经常迟到，他还是个好学生。三、倒装句【定义】为了强调、突出等词语的目的而颠倒原有语序的句式叫做倒装句。为什么要用倒装句！ 特别强调：如only和否定词引导的“部分倒装”类句型，就是为了强调这个内容而特别把它放到最前面； 区分语气：如陈述句用降调的，而疑问句是升调，从而对话过程中容易知道对方说话的情绪； 避免主语太长，将谓语放在前面先讲出来，然后再将主语叙述出来；【分类】1.部分倒装句首是否定意义的副词时，句子需部分倒装；如：not, hardly, never, seldom, rarely, scarcely 等词放在句首，表达一种惊讶和不可思议的语气，例句：Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽车上班。 only放在句首，与副词、介词短语或状语从句连用时，句子需要部分倒装；例句：only in this way could we afford to eat.只有这种办法才能让我们解决温饱问题。 sothat句型，且so置于句首；例句：So beautiful was the girl that nobody could talk of anything else.这女孩漂亮的让人再说不出别的来了。 在if引导的虚拟条件从句中，并且含有had, were, should等时，如果要将if省略，则需要部分倒装，将had, were, should移到主语之前。例句：Had I been there, this problem wouldn't have happened.我如果在那，就不会发生这样的问题。2.完全倒装 表示地点、时间或顺序的副词here, there, now, then等置于句首时；例句：Here comes the car. 车来了。 当There be/live开头的句子中，主语后并无其他成分时；例句：There live a lot of sportmen.那里住着很多运动员。 当表示方向的副词置于句首时，全句完全倒装；例句：up went the umbrellas. 撑起伞。但是主语是人称代词的时候，不能使用倒装句型。例句：Away it went.（无倒装） 表语或地点状语放在句首，表示强调，全句用完全倒装；例句：Round the corner came three girls. 三个女孩从转角处走了过来。4学科网（北京）股份有限公司