人教八年级英语下全册各单元知识点考点汇总.pdf

人教八年级英语下全册各单元知识点考点汇总Unit 1 What s the matter?一、基础知识1.What s the matter?怎么啦？出什么事情了？【解析】matter/maeta(r)/n.问题;事情What1 s the matter with you?=What/s the trouble with you?=What s wrong with you?你怎么了？【注】:matter和trouble为名词，其前可加th e或形容词性物主代词，wrong是adj.不能加the【用法】用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题其后跟询问对象时，与介词with连用。即：What s the matter with sb.?=What s your trouble?=What7 s up?=What happens to sb.?一What s the matter with you?I have a bad cold.2.1 had a cold.我感冒了。have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu 感冒have a fever 发烧 have a cough 咳嗽 have a stomachache 胃疼，肚子疼 have a toothache 牙疼 have a headache 头疼3.身体部位+ache（疼痛）构成新的复合词stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothacheback+ache=backache 后背痛4.much too+形容词，意 为 太 ，too much+名 词,意 为 很 多，大 量。5.enough【形容、副词】足够的/地,enough放在名前后，形副后。good enough足够好zenoughmoney=much money6.lie down躺下 J i e躺，躺 着,过去式lay;lie说 谎，过去式lied7.maybe 或许，常用于句首,表示可能性，后加句子。Maybe you are right.may be，是情态动词+be的结构，意为可能，也许，后加名词、代词或形容词。He may be angry.sound like+名词代词和从句:It sounds like you don t know the truth.It sounds like a good idea,sound+形容词，听起来，好像“，The music sounds nice.9.need需 要，实义动词need+名 词,需要某物;need to do sth.需要做某事,主语通常是人，表示人主动的动作：You need to listen carefullyduring class.need doing sth.主语通常是物，表示被动的动作：Your dirty clothes need washing.10.get off(the bus)下(公交车)get on 上车11.agree同 意,赞 同；agree with sth.同意某事 如：I agree with that idea.agree to sb.同意某人的意见 如：I agree to LiLei.12.trouble 问 题,麻 烦;be in trouble 遇到麻烦,make trouble 制 造 麻 烦，have trouble(in)doing sth.=have difficulties(in)doing sth 做 有麻烦。13.right away=right now=at once,意为 马 上。14.advice 不可数名词 劝 告，建 议,向 征求意见，give sb.advice on sth.就某事给某人建议;advise 动词advise sb.to do sth.建议某人做某事advise sb.doing sth.【复习】exercise练习、锻炼当exercise意为练习时，为可数名词即可加s当exercise意 为 锻 炼 时，为不可数名词 即不加s16.hurt 及物动词，使 疼 痛，受 伤，He hurt his leg while exercising.不及物动词.(部 位)疼。His leg hurt badly.clean【动词】打 扫，dean the classroom打扫教室，【形容词】干 净 的,cleaner意 为 清 洁 工。18.hit(用手或器具)打;击 打 The boy hit the dog with a stone.hit sb.on the head/nose/back打某人的头、鼻子、后 背,on用在所打较硬的部位；hit sb.in the face/eye/stomach打某人的脸、眼睛、肚 子，in用在所打较软的部位。be used to sth./doing sth.习惯于、适应了.做某事，强调状态；His grandpa was used tocountry life.Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning.get/become used to sth./doing s t h.变得习惯，逐渐适应”强调过程、动 作：It s difficult for one to get used to another country s habit.2 0.【复习】free 形容词 空闲的 free time;免费的 the drink is for free;自由的 I want to becomea free bird.free【动词】使 解 脱，得到自由:He could not free his arm.run out 用 完,用尽 When his water run out,he knew that he would have to do something tosave his own life.物sth.run out.某物用尽了。人 sb.run out of sth.人用尽了某物。He run out of all his money last night.22.risk(sb.)to do sth.冒险去做某事 take a risk=take risks 冒险23.the importance of(doing)sth.(做)某事的重要性We students should know the importance of(learning)English.importance n.重 要 性)，important adj.重要的,unimportant adj.不重要的decision【名词】决 定;抉 择；make a decision做 决 定；make a decision to do sth.=decide to do sth.o25.be in the control of 掌 管，管理 The headmaster is in the control of this new school.be out of control无法控制，无 法 管 理be under control被控制住，在控制之中26.【复习】mind意 为 介 意，mind doing sth.介意做某事，Would you mind my opening the window?27.give up(doing)sth.放 弃(做)某 事,give up(playing)computer games;give up后可接名词、代词和动词ing形 式，也可不接，如：Never give up easily.二、重点语法【反身代词】英语中共有八个反身代词，在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性S lk数上保持一致。数 人 称第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself herself itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves【用法】1.可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。如:Maria bought herself a scarf.We must look after ourselves very well.2.可用作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。如：She isn t quite herselftoday.3.可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。如:She herself will fly to London tomorrow.I met the writer himself last week.4.用在某些固定短语当中。look after oneself/take care of oneself 照顾自己 teach oneself sth./learn sth.by oneself 自学enjoy oneself玩得高兴，过得愉快help oneself to sth请自用（随便吃/喝些）.hurt oneself摔伤自己say to oneself自言自语leave sb.by oneself把某人单独留下buy oneself sth.给自己买 东西introduce oneself 介绍 自己【提醒】1.反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。如：我自己能完成作业。（误）Myself can finish my homework.（IE）I myself can finish my homework./1 can finish myhomework myself.2.反身代词表示某人自己不能表示某人的东西，因为它没有所有格的形式。表达某人自己 的（东 西）”时，须要用one s own.如：我用我自己的蜡笔画画。（误）I m drawing with myself crayons.（IE）F m drawing with myown crayons.Unit 2 F II help to clean up the city parks一、基本知识点1.sick 生病的，有病的；可在句中作表语 Mary could not come because she is sick.也可作定语a sick child【区别ill ill与sick同 义；但是只在句中做表语，不做定语。Mary could not come because sheis ill.2.cheer(sb.)up(让某人)变得高兴才辰奋起来 The good news cheered up everyone in our class.3.give out分发 散发 相当于 hand out,The teacher is giving out/handing out the test papers.give sth.out to sb.意为把某物分发给某人。4.volunteer【名词】志 愿 者【动词】义务做，自愿做（某 事）volunteer to do sth.自 愿 做 某 事，The girls could volunteer in an after-school study program.5.used to do sth.过去/曾经（常）做某事，表示过去的习惯、动作或状态，并强调现在已经不再存在或发生。There used to be a cinema here.这里曾有一个照相机。They told me stories about the past and how things used to b e.他们告诉我关于这里过去的故事。6.a lo n e【形容词】独自一人的，无感情色彩:The musician enjoyed living alone and writingsongs himself.lonely（感 到）孤独寂寞的，带有很强的感情色彩，可做表语或定语。The lonely boy is not lonelynow.7.care for sb./sth.照 顾;照料c a re【名词】小 心，关心take care of=look after【动词】care about sb./sth.关 心，在意某人/事【形容词】careful仔 细 的/careless粗 心 的 一【副词】carefully仔细地8.such 这样的，这 种，如此，用于修饰名词such+a/an+形容词+单数名词：such a good day 多么美好的一天/such an exciting match 多么精彩的比赛such+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词：such important decisions多么重要的建议such deliciousfood多么美味的食物如果名词前被 many,much,few,little 修饰时，只能用 so，而不用 such:so many sick children/solittle time9.try out for.参加 选 拔,争取成为Thirty football players tried out for the Best Player of theyear.try out试 用，试验10.jo u rn ey【名词】（尤指长途）旅 行，行 程；trip【名词】多指短途旅行；travel【名词、动词】travel around the world _【名词】traveler旅行者11.【复习】be busy with sth.忙 于（做）什 么 事 情be busy doing sth.忙 于（做）什么事情12.【复习】try doing sth.试着去做某事try to do sth.尽力去做某事try one s best（to do sth.）尽某人最大的努力去做某事13.【复习】be worried about sb./sth.=worry about sb./sth.担心某人、某事14.raise money 集 资,筹 钱;raise money for.为 筹钱raise【动词】举 起；提 高；募集15.keep【动词】keep+名 词，保 留(某 物)；keep+形容词，保持16.【形容词】broken破损的，出毛病的;blind瞎 的，失明的;deaf聋 的;disabled有残疾的，丧失能力的；在句中做定语和表语。make it possible(for sb.)to do sth.使(某 人)做某事成为可能，You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky.make it+形容词(+for sb.)to do sth.使(某 人)做某事成为.;think/find it+形容词 to do sth.18.make a difference to对.有影响；对.有作用,difference 前可以用 no,any,some,much等修饰，如The rain made no difference to the game.Hard-working makes much difference to study.19.difficulty【可数/不可数】表示抽象意义的 困难 时为不可数；表示具体的 难题、难事 时为可数；have difficulty(in)doing sth.=have trouble(in)doing sth.做某事有困难20.train【动词】训 练，trained为过去分词,可做定语，意为 受过训练的a trained dog21.be excited about sth.对某事感到兴奋,Everyone is excited about the good news.【复习】excited意 为 兴 奋 的，修 饰 人；exciting意为令人兴奋/激动的，修饰物。22.order【名词】命 令，指 示；顺 序,次 序【动词】订 购；点(菜)follow the order.23.change【动词】变 化,改变 It s hard for a person to change his life(style).【名词】变 化；零钱change A for B 用 A 换成 B:When you travel in China,remember to change US dollars forRMB.re p air【动词】修 理，修 补；fix【动词】安 装；使 固 定【fix up修理=repair】Unit3 Could you please clean your room?Peter zcould you please take out the trash?彼 得，你能把垃圾倒了吗？Could you please do sth?请 你(做)好 吗？用于提出请求，希望得到对方的肯定回答，说话的语气比较客气委婉。Could不 是can的过去式，是委婉、礼貌的说法。回答用can.【常用答语】肯定回答:Sure./Of course./Certainly./No problem.否定回答:Sorry,I can,t2、take out 取 出(v+adv)【注】：跟代词做宾语，代词放中间；跟名词做宾语，可放在中间，也可放在后边His teeth hurt badly.The dentist take them out.【短语】take out the trash倒 垃 圾take a walk散 步take away拿 走,取走take back 收回 take place 发生 take off 脱 下；起飞3.Can you do the dishes.?那你可以洗盘子吗?do the dishes 洗碗【结 构1】do the+名 词：do the dishes/laundry洗餐具/衣服 结构2 do the+动词-ing do the cleaning打扫卫生【结 构3】do one1 s+名 词do one1 s housework/homework做家务/家庭作业【结构 4】do some+动词-ing do some reading/shopping 读写书/购物Could I at least finish watching this show?至少让我看完这个节目可以吗？1 Could I do a sth?我可以做.吗？用于表达请求/语气比较委婉。Could I go out with my classmate this weekend?2 at least至 少，多指数量或程度上的蜀氐限度。（反）at most至 少，不超过Now all of us exercise at least an hour a day and outside school.3 finish v结 束;完 成finish doing sth做完某事一Can you finish _reading_ these books before 10 oclock?Yes,I can.5、I think two hours of TV is enough for you!我觉得你看两个小时的电视已经足够了。1 two hours of T V表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时，通常被视作整体，谓语动词用单数形式。How time is flies!Three years _i s（be）really a short time.足够的，充分的（在句中作定语或表语）【解析 2 enough I don t have enough money with me.足 够；充 分（放在形容词；副词后）The river is deep enough for swimming.【记】Mr.Smith has enough money zbut he isn t kind enough to help others.【注意】enough修饰名词时，置于名词前；修饰形容词时，置于形容词之后。6、Could you take out the rubbish,fold the clothes and do the dishes?你能把垃圾倒了。把衣服叠好,再把碗洗了吗？【解析】take out拿 出；取出take的用法:Please take some books to the classroom.Take this medicine three times a day.takeThey usually take the bus to work.It takes me two hours to do my homework every day.【拓展】take构成的短语：take a walk 去散步 take a rest 休息 take care of 照顾 take off 脱 下；起飞 take up 占据 takedown 拿下 take one s time 不 急；慢慢来 take one s temperature 量体温7.The minute I sat down in front of the TV,my mom came over.我刚坐在电视机前面,我妈妈就过来了。【解析 1】the minute=as soon as .就.Please write to me the minute you getthere.【解 析2】in front of指在物体外部的前面There is a bike in front of the classroom.【辨析】指在物体内部的前面Our teacher is standing in the front of the classroom【记】The driver sat in the front of the car.The policeman stood _ in frontof the car.【注意】有the无the区别大：at table吃 饭；进 餐in hospital住院at the tabel在 桌 边in the hospital在医院（不一定看病）解析3 come over过来【拓展】come短 语：come across（偶然）发现 come back 回来 come up with 想出come true 实现 come down 下来 come from=be from 来自,出生于come in/into进入，进 来come on赶快，加 油come along走吧，过来，快点come and go来来去去come up上 来come out出 来，（花）开，（照片）冲洗出来7.You watch TV all the time and never help out around the house!你总是看电视,从不帮忙做 家 务！all the time=always 一 直;总是8.1 m just as tired as you are!我和你一样累!【解析】as.as.和 一样 9.For one week,she did not do any housework and neither did I.一周的时间，她不做任何家务，我也不做。【解析】neither+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主 语 某 人（主 语）也不（1）neither两者都不neither.nor.既不 也不，连接两个词做主语，谓语动词由后一个主语确定Neither Tom norJim is a student 表 达”也不 则 用Neither/Nor+be/V助/V情+主The first one wasn t bad.Neither was the second.10.The next day,my mom came home from work to find the house clean and tidy.第二天，妈妈下班回到家后发现房间很干净、整洁。【解析】find+宾语+宾语补足语【注】find found found v 郭戈find sb.doing sth发现某人做某事(2)find it+adj.+to do sth发现做某事很find it difficult/hard to do sth 发现做某事很困难 She found _it_ hard to finish the work byherself.11.She asked in surprise.她吃惊地问道。【解析】in surprise惊 奇 地;吃惊地surprise v 使吃惊surprising adj.令人吃惊的surprised adj.吃惊的to one1 s surprise使某人吃惊的是in surprise吃 惊 地be surprised a t对 感到吃惊To my surprise使我吃惊的是),he got the first prize in the exam.12.“F m do sorry,Mom.I finish understand that we need to share the housework to havea clean and comfortable home.I replied.对不起，妈妈。我终于理解为了拥有一个干净、舒适的家我们需要共同来分担家务。我 回 答 说。解析1 need v需要用于肯定句，是实义动词。人做主语，sb.need to do sth某人需要做某事(2)物做主语，sth need doing sth=sth need to be doneStudents need _ to h a v e(h a v e)a good rest in studying.The watchneeds_mending_(mend).用于否定句或疑问句，是情态动词(l)needn t=don t have to 没有必要(2)need zmust引导的一般疑问句，肯定会的用must,否定回答用needn t一 Must I go there now?Yes,you must/Noz you needn t解析2 share分 享;共 用share sth分享或共用某物share sth with sb.与某人分享某物(All his friends _Shared_ his happiness when he won the match.13.Could I hang out with my friends after the movie?看完电影后我能和朋友们一起闲逛吗？【解析】hang out闲 逛hang u p把.悬挂/挂起14.Could you please pass me the salt?你能把盐递给我吗？【解析】pass(i)v给；递；走 过；通 过pass sb.sth把某物递给某Pass o n传递Please pass the paper on to the other students.(2)v 通 过;路过 I pass your home.v 通 过(考 试)；及格 Tom can pass his math exam.15.Could I borrow that book?我能借下你那本书看吗、Could you lend me some money?你能借我一些钱吗？【解析】borrow/lend/keep(l)borrow借 入，与from连 用,尤 指 主 语 【借 进 来 】borrow sth from sb.从某人那里借某物 You can borrow the book from the library.(2)lend借 出，与t。搭 配【指借出去】lend sb sth=lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人 He doesn t want to lend his book to others.(3)keep保 留，保 存(延续动词，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用)【指借一段时间】【记】I want to _borrow_ a b汰e from my friend but he didn t _lend_ it to me,because Tom had _kept_it for two days.16.1 cut my finger and F m trying not to get it wet.我的手指割伤了，伤口不能弄湿。【解析】try(not)to do sth努 力(不)做 某 事。try v试 图，设 法，努力【拓展】(l)try o n试穿(2)try to do sth努 力 做 某 事【侧重尽力做】(3)try doing sth试 图 做 某 事【侧重尝试做】(4)try one s best to do sth=do one s best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事17.1 hate to do chores.我讨厌做家务。hate to do sth讨厌做某事，表示某次具体行为或动作。I hate to trouble him.hate doing sth不愿意做某事 表示经常或习惯性行为或动作。She hates smoking in her room.18.Could I ask you to help me with some chores then?那我能请求你帮我做些杂活吗？【解析】ask sb.to do sth要求某人做某事。ask for请求，要某物ask sb.about sth向某人询问关于某事(l)ask sb.for help向某人请求帮助(2)ask sb.(not)to do sth请求某人做某事ask构成的短语：短语含义ask sb.to do sth请某人做某事ask sb.not to do sth不让某人做某事ask sb for sth向某人要某物ask for help寻求帮助19.F II finish my homework while you help me with the dishes.当你帮我洗盘子的时候，我将完成我的家庭作业。【解 析1】finish doing sth完成某事 Can you finish _reading_ these books before 10 o clock?Yes,I can.【解 析2】w hileco nj.在期 间；当的时候W hile引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是延续动词。_While _ the children have fun,parents can take dance lessons on the beach.解析3 help sb.with sth.在某事上帮助某人。【注】help v帮 助 helpful adj.有帮助的(l)help sb.do sth.=help sb.with sth.帮助某人做某事with the help of sb.=with one s help 在某人的帮助之下without the help o f没有在 的帮助之下I think reading is very _helpful_(help).(2)Without_your help,we couldnf t catch the thief.20.Could I invite my friends to a party?我能邀请我的朋友们来聚会吗？【解析】invite sb.to Sp.邀请某人去某地【解析】invite v invitation n 邀请(1)invite sb.to do sth邀请某人做某事(2)invite sb.to+地点 邀请某人去某地21.1 dont understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores athome.我不理解为什么有些父母在家让孩子fl帮忙做家务和杂务。【解析】make sb.do sth让某人做某事make made made v.做，制作，使得make sb/sth+形容词让某人或某物 make you happy(2)make sb/sth do sth 使某人做某事 make me laugh.Colors can change our moods and make us _feel_ happy or sad,energetic or sleep.22.They donz t have time to study and do housework,too.他们也没有时间来学习家务和做家务。【解析】have time to do sth.有时间做某事have time=be free 有空23.Housework is a waste of their tim e.做家务是在浪费他们的时间。【解析】a waste o f浪 费a waste of tim e浪费时间a waste of money浪费金钱waste v 浪费waste time/money on sth waste time/money(in)doing sth 在做某事上花费时间/金钱Don t _waste water.Can t you see the sign save water”?24.They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades andget into a good university.为了取得好成绩并考上一所好大学，他们应该把时间用在学习上。解析1 spend.on sth在某事上花费 spend/pay/cost/take 花费(l)spend spent-spent v 花费，主语是人 sb.+spend+时间/钱+on sth*sb.+spend+时间/钱+(in)doing sthspend on=pay for 支付He spends too much time on the computer games.Remember to spend some time _with_ your loved ones,because they re not going to bearound forever.My father _spent_ one hundred thousand yuan on his new car.(2)pay paid-paid v支 付，主语是人sb.+pay+钱+for sth I pay 10 yuan for the book.How much did you _p a y_ for this computer?Five hundred dollars.cost-cost-cost V花 费，主语是某物或某事sth cost sb.+钱某物花费某人多少钱A new computer costs me a lot of money.I bought a new sweater last weekend.It _cost_ me 120 yuan.(4)taketook taken v 花费It takes/took sb.some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多长时间It takes him 3 hours to do his homework.解析2 in order to 目的是；为了 后接动词原形。in order to do sth为了做某事He ran quickly in order not _to be_ late for the meeting.【解 析3】get into=enter进入【拓展】与get相关的短语：get up 起床 get back 返