考研英语基础班阅读分册.pdf
考研英语阅读理解电子教材主讲：范猛欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材“即WWW.KOOLBARN.COM教材说明：本电子教材w ord文档下面的页码跟教材完全样，学员只需根据老师说的多少页找到相应的页面学习即可。请提前预习、认真学习、及时复习，祝广大考研学子考研成功!阅读理解全真试题（19942004年）UnitlPassage 1The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise,market-orientedeconomy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in themarketplace for those goods and services that they want most.Private businessmen,striving to makeprofits,produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen;and the profit motive,operating under competitive pressures,largely determines how these goods and services are produced.Thus,in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers,coupled with thedesire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes,thattogether determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demandscan be expressed and responded to by producers.In the American economy,this mechanism is providedby a price system,a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumersand supplies offered by sellerproducers.If the product is in short supply relative to the demand,the pricewill be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market.If,on the other hand,producingmore of a commodity results in reducing its cost,this will tend to increase the supply offered byseller-producers,which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.Thus,price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system.The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to ownproductive resources(private property),and they are permitted to hire labor,gain control over naturalresources,and produce goods and services for sale at a profit.In the American economy,the concept ofprivate property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights,including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another privateindividual.51.In Line 7,Para.1,the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes1 meansAJ Americans are never satisfied with their incomesB Americans tend to overstate their incomesCl Americans want to have their incomes increasedD Americans want to increase the purchasing power of their incomes52.The first two sentences in the second paragraph tell us that.A producers can satisfy the consumers by mechanized productionB consumers can express their demands through producers|C producers decide the prices of productsD supply and demand regulate prices53.According to the passage,a private-enterprise economy is characterized by.A private property and rights concernedB manpower and natural resources controlC ownership of productive resourcesD free contracts and prices54.The passage is mainly about.AJ how American goods are producedB how American consumers buy their goodsC how American economic system worksD how American businessmen make their profitsPassage 2One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card.They theirowners automatic credit in stores,restaurants,and hotels,at home,across the country,and even abroad,and they make many banking services available as well.More and more of these credit cards can be readautomatically,making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations,whether or not thelocal branch bank is open.For many of us the cashless society1*is not on the horizon-it*s alreadyhere.While computers offer these conveniences to consumers,they have many advantages for sellers too.Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales.They can keep a wide range ofrecords,including who sold what,when,and to whom.This information allows businessmen to keeptrack of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving.Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made.At the same time these computersrecord which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient,allowing personnel andstaffing assignments to be made accordingly.And they also identify preferred customers fbr promotionalcampaigns.Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons.Computer-analyzed marketingreports can help to decide which products to emphasize now,which to develop fbr the future,and whichto drop.Computers keep track of goods in stock,of raw materials on hand,and even of the productionprocess itself.Numerous other commerical enterprises,from theaters to magazine publishers,from gas andelectric utilities to milk processors,bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the useof computers.55.According to the passage,the credit card enables its owner to.A withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishesB obtain more convenient services than other people doC enjoy greater trust from the storekeeperD cash money wherever he wishes to56.From the last sentence of the first paragraph we learn that.AJ in the future all the Americans will use credit cardsB credit cards are mainly used in the United States todayC nowadays many Americans do not pay in cashD it is now more convenient to use credit cards than before57.The phrase ring up sales(Line 2,Para.2)most probably means”A make an order of goodsB record sales on a cash registerC call the sales managerD keep track of the goods in stock58.What is this passage mainly about?A Approaches to the commercial use of computers.B conveniences brought about by computers in business.C Significance of automation in commercial enterprises.D Advantages of credit cards in business.Passage 3Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age.For thesechildren to develop to their full adult potential,their education must be adapted to those differences.Although we fbcus on the needs of exceptional children,we find ourselves describing theirenvironment as well.While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention,we are aware of theimportance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself.Both the family and the society inwhich exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development.And it is in the publicschools that we find the full expression of societys understanding the knowledge,hopes,and fearsthat are passed on to the next generation.Education in any society is a mirror of that society.In that mirror we can see the strengths,theweaknesses,the hopes,the prejudices,and the central values of the culture itself.The great interest inexceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling inour society that all citizens,whatever their special conditions,deserve the opportunity to fully developtheir capabilities.All men are created equal.Weve heard it many times,but it still has important meaning foreducation in a democratic society.Although the phrase was used by this countrys founders to denoteequality before the law,it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity.That concept implieseducational opportunity for all children the right of each child to receive help in learning to thelimits of his or her capacity,whether that capacity be small or great.Recent court decisions haveconfirmed the right of all children 一 disabled or not 一 to an appropriate education,and have orderedthat public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education.In response,schools are modifyingtheir programs,adapting instruction to children who are exceptional,to those who cannot profitsubstantially from regular programs.59.In paragrah 2.the author cites the example of the leading actor on the stage to show that.A the growth of exceptional children has much to do with their family and the societyB exceptional children are more influenced by their families than normal children areC exceptional children are the key interest of the family and society|D the needs of the society weigh much heavier than the needs of the exceptional children60.The reason that the exceptional children receive so much concern in education is that.AJ they are expected to be leaders of the societyBJ they might become a burden of the societyC they should fully develop their potentialsD disabled children deserve special consideration61.This passage mainly deals wi t h.A the differences of children in their learning capabilities|B|the definition of exceptional children in modem societyC the special educational programs for exceptional childrenD the necessity of adapting education to exceptional children62.From this passage we learn that the educational concern for exceptional c h i l d r e n.A is now enjoying legal supportBJ disagrees with the tradition of the countryC was clearly stated by the countrys foundersD|will exert great influence over court decisionsPassage 4nI have great confidence that by the end of the decade well know in vast detail how cancer cellsarise,1 says microbiologist Robert Weinberg,an expert on cancer.But,he cautions,nsome people havethe idea that once one understands the causes,the cure will rapidly follow.Consider Pasteur,hediscovered the causes of many kinds of infections,but it was fifty or sixty years before cures wereavailable.This year,50 percent of the 910,000 people who suffer from cancer will survive at least five years.In the year 2000,the National Cancer Institute estimates,that figure will be 75 percent.For some skincancers,the five-year survival rate is as high as 90 percent.But other survival statistics are stilldiscouraging-13 percent for lung cancer,and 2 percent for cancer of the pancreas.With as many as 120 varieties in existence,discovering how cancer works is not easy.Theresearchers made great progress in the early 1970s,when they discovered that oncogenes,which arecancer-causing genes,are inactive in normal cells.Anything from cosmic rays to radiation to diet mayactivate a dormant oncogene,but how remains unknown.If several oncogenes are driven into action,thecell,unable to turn them off,becomes cancerous.The exact mechanisms involved are still mysterious,but the likelihood that many cancers areinitiated at the level of genes suggests that we will never prevent all cancers.nChanges are a normal partof the evolutionary process,t says oncologist William Hayward,Environmental factors can never betotally eliminated;as Hayward points out,HWe cant prepare a medicine against cosmic rays.”The prospects for cure,though still distant,are brighter.“First,we need to understand how the normal cell controls itself,Second,we have to determinewhether there are a limited number of genes in cells which are al-ways responsible for at least part of thetrouble.If we can understand how cancer works,we can counteract its action.63.The example of Pasteur in the passage is used to.A predict that the secret of cancer will be disclosed in a decadeBJ indicate that the prospects for curing cancer are brightC prove that cancer will be cured in fifty to sixty yearsD warn that there is still a long way to go before cancer can be conquered64.The author implies that by the year 2000,.A there will be a drastic rise in the five-year survival rate of skin-cancer patientsB 90 percent of he skin-cancer patients today will still be livingC the survival statistics will be fairly even among patients with various cancersDJ there won t be a drastic increase of survival rate of all cancer patients65.Oncogenes are cancer-causing genes.A that are always in operation in a healthy personB which remain unharmful so long as they are not activatedC that can be driven out of normal cellsD which normal cell cant turn off66.The word dormant in the third paragraph most probably means.A dead B ever-present C inactive D potentialPassage 5Discoveries in science and technology are thought by untaught minds to come in blinding flasheror as the result of dramatic accidents.Sir Alexander Fleming did not,as legend would have it,look at themold on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then.He experimented withantibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery.Inventions and innovations almostalways come out of laborious trial and error.Innovation is like soccer;even the best players miss thegoal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.They point is that the players who score most are the ones who take the most shots at the goal一andso it goes with innovation in any field of activity.The prime difference between innovators and others isone of approach.Everybody gets ideas,but innovators work consciously on theirs,and they follow themthrough until they prove practicable or otherwise.What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions,professional innovators see as solid possibilities.Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that theres no particular virtue in doing thingsthe way they have always been done,wrote Rudolph Flesch,a language authority.This accounts for ourreaction so seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that makelife more convenient:How come nobody thought of that before?The creative approach begins with the proposition that nothing is as it appears.Innovators will notaccept that there is only one way to do anything.Faced with getting from A to B,the average person willautomatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route.The innovator will search foralternate courses,which may prove easier in the long run and are bound to be more interesting andchallenging even if they lead to dead ends.Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer.67.What does the author probably mean by untaught mind in the first paragraph?AJ A person ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation.B A citizen of a society that restricts personal creativity.C A person who has had no education.D An individual who often comes up with new ideas by accident.68.According to the author,what distinguishes innovators from non-innovators?A The variety of ideas they have.B The intelligence they possess.C The way they deal with problems.D The way they present their findings.69.The author quotes Rudolph Flesch in Paragraph 3 b e c a u s e.A Rudolph Flesch is the best-known expert in the study of human creativityB the quotation strengthens the assertion that creative individuals look for new ways of doingthingsC the reader is familiar with Rudolph Fleschs point of viewD the quotation adds a new idea to the information previously presented70.The phrase march to a different drummer1(the last line of the passage)suggests that highly creativeindividuals are.AJ diligent in pursuing their goalsB reluctant to follow common ways of doing thingsC devoted to the progress of scienceD concerned about the advance of societyUnit 2Passage 1M
