2021年《大学英语》考试题及答案.pdf
2021年 大学英语考试题及答案2021年大学英语习题及答案解析（1）第 1 卷（选择题，共 125分）I.P honetics（5 points）Directions:In each of thefollowing groups of words,there are four underlinedletters or letter combinations marked A,B,C andD.Compare the underlined parts and iden-tify the onethat is different from the others in pronunciation.Markyour answerby blackening the corresponding letter on theAnswer Sheet.1.A.P enaltyB.momentC.quarrelD.absent2.A.SympathyB.materialC.courageD.analysis3.A.StarvationB.suggestionC.satisfactionD.situation4.A.donkeyB.turkeyC.moneyD.obey5.5.A.reviseB.consistC.advertiseD.visitII.Vocabulary and Structure(15 points)Directions:T here are 15 incomplete sentences in this section.For eachsentence there are four choices marked A,B,C andD.Choose one answer that best completes the sentenceand blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.6.Jonathan and Joe left the house to go for_ aftersupper.A.walkB.t h e w a l kC.w a l l k sD.a w a l k7.H e p o i n t ed a t t h e n ew c a r a n d a s k ed,_ _ i s i t?H a v e y o u ev er s een i t b ef o r e?”A.W h yB.W h er eC.W h oD.W h o s e8.M y f a t h er a s k ed t o h el p w i t h h i s w o r k.A.I a n d T o mB.T o m a n d m eC.m e a n d T o mD.T o m a n d I9.N o w a d a y s l i t t l e k n o w l ed ge _ t o b e a d a n ger o u s t h i n g.A.s eemB.s eem edC.d o es s eemD.d o s eem10.If their marketing team succeeds,they _ theirprofits by 20 percent.A.will increaseB.would be increasingC.will have increasedD.would have been increasing11.Youd better take these documents with you _ youneed them for the meeting.A.UnlessB.in caseC.untilD.so that12.I haven t been to a pop festival before and Mikehasn,t A.T ooB.as wellC.neitherD.either13._ is known to the world,Mark T wain was a greatAmerican writer.A.AsB.OnceC.ThatD.It14.John complained to the bookseller that there wereseveral p a g e s in the dictionary.A.lackingB.losingC.missingD.dropping15.Not until the game had begun _ at the sports grounD.A.should he have arrivedB.would he have arrivedC.did he arriveD.had he arrived16.Moviegoers know that many special effects arecreated by computers,they often don tknow is that thesescenes still require a lot of work.A.ThatB.W homC.W hatD.How17.T he president is to give a formal _ at the openingceremony.A.SpeechB.debateC.discussionD.argument18.W hen I am confronted with such questions,my mindgoes _,and I can hardly remember myown date of birth.A.faintB.blankC.darkD.blind19.If they are willing to lend us the money weneed,all our problems will beA.solvedB.causedC.coveredD.met20.T his article _ more attention to the problem ofcultural conflicts.A.cares forB.allows forC.applies forD.calls forIII.Cloze(30 points)Directions:For each blank in thefollowing passage,there are four choices marked A,BO CandD.Choose the one that is most suitable and mark youranswer by blackeningthe corresponding letter on the AnswerSheet.W hat enables some people to get big creativebreakthroughs while others only get small and non-creativebreakdowns,blaming themselves and society?Are some people“gifted?Are there other factors 21 work-factors that wehave more control over than we think?W hile nobody can denythe 22 that some people seem to be blessed with particularcreativity,research shows that anyone can 23 their chancesof coming up with new and original ideas 24 they would onlyengage themselves more in the process of 25.It s the oldT homas E dison thing about“discovery 26 99 percentperspiration（汗水）and 1 percent inspiration.27 ,thestudies prove this:great creative breakthroughs usuallyhappen only 28 intense periods of struggle.It is sustainedeffort towards a specific goal 29 eventually prepares forgreat creative insights.T his kind of sustained effort doesnot always 30 immediate results,a fact that not only-separates the innovators（革新者）from non-innovators,but31 leads some people to conclude that it is just not 32 forthem.Maybe I should have gone to medical school like mymother wanted,“they wonder when the breakthrough is 33 tobe foun D.Alas,one forgets during inevitable encounters34 self-doubt,that the big surprise is never 35.Indeed,itcan happen at any time and place.21.A.T oB.inC.atD.by22.A.issueB.problemC.reasonD.fact23.A.missB.reduceC.increaseD.lose24.A.becauseB.ifC.whileD.whether25.A.creationB.practiceC.productionD.achievement26.A.beingB.beC.wasD.were27.A.Sooner or laterB.Some day or otherC.Every now and thenD.Time and again28.A.beyondB.afterC.aboveD.through29.A.thatB.whoC.whatD.as30.A.createB.produceC.inspireD.encourage31.A.tooB.onceC.againD.also32.A.goodB.difficultC.possibleD.stupid33.A.anywhereB.everywhereC.somewhereD.nowhere34.A.againstB.acrossC.withD.into35.A.far awayB.used upC.cleared offD.near byIV.Reading Comprehension(60 points)Directions:Thereare five reading passages in this part.Each passage isfollowed by four questions.For each question there arefour suggested answers marked A,B,C andD.Choose the best answer and blacken the correspondingletter on the Answer Sheet.P assage OneDebate is a valuable way to practise communicating.Itcan also bring long-lasting rewards,especially for peopleworking with W estern businesses.T he main activity ofdebate is presenting one s opinion and suppmting it withevidence,such as statistics or facts.It is a way ofpersuasive communication.Charles Lebeau helped create the“Discover Debate“methoD.He says debate is important to understanding howpeople communicate in W estern business.Successful debaterslearn how to give their opinkm,reasans and support.W hatwe are trying to do is to develop a kind of thinking orapproach to discussion and how to interact（交流）withsomeone else s opinion,rather than brush their opinionaside.Debate skills are also important in selling aproduct,he says.In that situation,the judges are thecustomem.So on Monday,for example,one company may comein and present their case to the customer and they 11 makeas strong a ease as they can.On Tuesday,the next day,another company will come in and present their ease to thecustomer.Usually the party that can present the strongestcase wins“Debate also strengthens critical thinking.Inother words,it helps students learn to ask questionsandtry to understand someone s reasons and evidence,lift-.Lebeau points out that successful debaters learn to listencarefully to what other people are saying.Then,they lookfor the weak points in someone else,s opinion or argument.He says debate teaches a systematic way ofquestioning.Successful debaters also learn to think fromsomeone else s point of view.Mr.Lebeau says debate canhelp broaden the minD.”There s an expression in English:don，tcriticize another person before you have walked in theirshoes.I think the wonderful thing about debate is,it putsus in another person，s shoes.”36.According to Paragraph 1 ,what is the purpose ofdebate?A.To bring long-lasting material rewards.B.To present evidence such as statistics and facts.C.To respond to questions in a systematic way.D.To persuade people to accept your opinions.37.Why is debate important.9A.It helps people understand others better.B.It allows people to present their opinions.C.It develops one,s thinking and communicativecompetence.D.It gives one the opportunity to brush othersopinion aside.38.What does the underlined word case in Paragraph3 refer to?A.Container.B.Evidence.C.P roblem.D.P roduct.39.W hat can debaters benefit from“walking in anotherperson，s shoes”.9A.Becoming more broad-mindeB.Developing critical thinking.C.Finding others weak points.D.T rying out others;methods.P assage T woW e al 1 love a hero,and rescue dogs are some of thebiggest heroes of all.You will often find them going aboveand beyond duty to save someone,risking-and at timeslosing-their lives in the process.Rescue dogs aregenerally found in the Sporting and Hunting Groups,or fromthe traditional Herding Group.T hese types include theBloodhound,Labrador Retriever,Newfoundland,GermanShepherd,Golden Retriever,and Belgian Malinois-all ofwhich are chosen for search-and-rescue duty because oftheir amazing physical strength,loyalty,and theirtendency for mental stability.T hese types also have a keensense of hearing and smell-to better locate lostindividuals and are often able to access hard-to-reachareas.As highly trained animals,they serve in manydifferent fields,including specialist search,snow sliderescue,dead body location,and tracking.T o overcomeobstacles and succeed when performing the demanding dutiesof a search-and-rescue worker,a dog must display certainqualities.In addition to intelligence and strength,thedog must be swift,confident,easily trainable,adaptable,and have a high level of stamina（耐力）and endurance.Astrong sense of group cooperation and an ability to engagein friendly play during down time is also required ofsearch-and-rescue dogs.A rescue dog goes through many,manyhours of intensive training to be fit for duty.T raining isnot for the faint-hearteD.Certification training can take from two to threeyears,working three to four hours a day,three to six daysa week,often in group,team-oriented sessions.E ach search-and-rescue field requires different types of training.Rescue training,for instance,includes air scenting”一where dogs are trained to smell the air for the victim sscent（气味）and then follow the scent to the person.T hisability is crucial to finding victims trapped undercollapsed buildings and snow slide.39.Rescue dogs are chosen probably because_A.they are loyalB.they are braveC.they have amazing appearancesD.they have good eyesight41.W hat does faint-hearted in P aragraph 5 mean?A.Courageous.B.Cowardly.C.E nergetiD.Slow.42.W hich ability is most important for dogs to rescuepeople trapped in snow?A.Sharp hearing.B.Swift movement.C.E xtraordinary smelling.D.A strong memory.43.W hat is the passage mainly about?A.Selection process of rescue dogs.B.Qualities and training of rescue dogs.C.Risks rescue dogs are faced with.D.T ypes of tasks rescue dogs can perform.P assage T hreeE ating an apple a day doesn，t keep the doctor away,but it does reduce the amount of trips you make to the drugstore per year.T hat s according to a new study thatinvestigates whether there s any truth in the old saying.Ateam of researchers led by Dr Matthew Davis,of theUniversity of Michigan School of Nursing,asked 8,399participants to answer survey questions about diet andhealth.A total of 7 53 were apple eaters,consuming atleast 149g of raw apple per day.T he remaining 7,646 wereclassed as non-apple eaters.W hen both groups answeredquestions on trips to the doctor and trips to the drugstore per year,the apple eaters were found to be 27%lesslikely to visit the druggist for drugs.T rips to the doctorwere not significantly affected by apple consumption,though.E vidence does not support that an apple a daykeeps the doctor away.However,the small number of USadults who eat an apple a day does appear to use fewerprescription medications,the study concludes.Apple eaterswere also found to be less likely to smoke and be morelikely to have a higher educational attainment than nonapple eaters.W hile apples do not compete with oranges,they docontain some immune（免疫的）system-increasingvitamin C,which may be why apple-eaters visit the druggistless.W ith over 8mg of vitamin C per medium-sized fruit,anapple can provide roughly 14%your daily recommendedintake.P revious studies have also linked apple consumptionto a lower risk of T ype 2 diabetes（二型糖尿病）,improvedlung function and a lower risk of colon（结肠）cancer.44.How many non-apple eaters answered surveyquestions in the research?A.149.B.7,646.C.753.D.8,399.45.What is the conclusion of the study?A.Apple consumption has greatly reduced US adults)trips to the doctor.D.B.An apple a day does keep the doctor away.C.Apples are far more nutritious than oranges.D.A small number of US adult apple eaters tend to takeless medicine.46.What can we learn from the passage?A.Apples are better than oranges.B.Apples do have some vitamin C to increase the immunesystem.C.Apples can help cure certain diseases.D.Apples can provide people with sufficient dailyintake of energy.47.W hat can be described as the writing style of thispassage?A.Objective.B.Creative.C.subjectiveD.persuasiveP assage FourSometimes I scratch my head when I read about thegovernment,s efforts to improve schools:new standards andtests to be applied,strict teacher evaluations,andthreats of school closures and job losses.T hey frightenthe school employees,not to mention the students.Insteadof making people unable to solve problems or try new ideas-which is what fear does to us-research on school reformstrongly suggests that policy-makers should encourageschool leaders to take a more humane approach.In theirstudy on the reform efforts of twelve Chicago publicschools,Bryk and Schneider found that enabling positivesocial relationships between the adults was the key tosuccessful school improvement and that trust was at theheart of those relationships.T rust in schools comes down toone thing:psychological safety or safety to speak onesmind,to discuss with openness and honesty what is and isnt working,to make collective decisions.Yet this kind ofsafety doesn t come easily to schools.According to Brykand Schneider,the adults in school rely on each other todo their jobs correctly and with integrity（正直）.T hechalleage is that our expectations are very diverse basedon our unique backgrounds.At one school where I taught,each teacher had different expectations about how mucheffort teachers should put into their work-a bigdifference between the teachers who left af the last belland those who worked into the evening.And whenexpectations are uncoasci or unspoken,it becomesimpossible for others to 1ive up to them.W e also makeassumptions about the intentions behind a person sbehavior.As we all Imam,assumptions are often wrong.Forexample,parents and teachers my think the principal tamlparticular decision based on his career advancement ratherthan hat s best for the studeata.dont feelpsychologically safe to question our assumptions ande aecmtiatm,trust itiea am the window and ourrelationships suffer.48.According to P aragraph 1,why does the authorscratch his head?A.Because he doesn t know what to do once schoolsare closeD.B.Because he is not sure about the practicability ofthose new tests.C.Because he is concerned that many teachers willlose their jobs.D.Because he is not in favor of the government，sreform efforts.49.According to Bryk and Schneider,what was mostimportant for successful school improvemt?A.New standards and tests in schools.B.Positive social relationships.C.Strict teacher and student evaluations.D.Assistance of the government.50.What is meant by trust in school?A.Freedom to express one s views,B.Extra effort teachers put into their work.C.Independence of the teachers in schools.D.Unconscious and unspoken expectations.51.What does the author say about the assumptions madeabout the intentions behind a person，s behavior?A.They should be trusteB.They are often bolC.They are often incorrect.D.They should be encouragePassa
