2021年广西高考英语总复习：阅读理解（附答案解析）.pdf

2021年广西高考英语总复习：阅读理解1.Transport has a lot to answer fbr when it comes to harming the planet.While cars and trains aremoving towards greener,electric power,emissions from air travel are expected to increasemassively by 2050.If we want big green sky solutions,we need blue sky thinking.Fortunately,there*s plenty of that happening right now,particularly the short-haul flights powered bybatteries.Harbour Air is the largest seaplane airline in North America,flying 30,000 commercialflights in 40 seaplanes each year.Significantly,all Harbour Air routes last less than 30 minutes,making it perfectly fit for electric engines.As an airline,were currently in the process ofturning all our planes into electric airplanes.says CEO Greg McDougall.To make thishappen,the airline has partnered up with MagniX to create the worlds first commercial flightwith an electric engine.Making the skies electric isnt just good for the environment,it also makes sound financialsense：a small aircraft uses$400 on conventional fuel fbr a 100-mile flight,while anelectric one costs$8-12 for the same distance,and that*s before you factor in the highermaintenance costs of a traditional engine.Theres also the added bonus that electric planes arejust much more pleasant to fly in.No loud engine noise,no smell of fuel,just environmentallyfriendly peace and quiet.While there has been real progress in the e-plane industry,the technical challenges thatremain are keeping everyones feet firmly on the ground.A battery,even a lithium one,onlyprovides 250 watt-hours per kilogram；compare this to liquid fuel,which has a specificenergy of 11,890 watt-hours per kilogram.Carrying adequate batteries,however,wouldmake the plane too heavy to get off the ground.In aircraft,where every bit of weight counts,this cant just be ignored.The transition（过渡）from gas to electric in the automobile industry has been madeeasier by hybrids-vehicles powered by both fuel and electricity.Many believe the samepattern could be followed in the air.Fuel consumption could be reduced as the electriccomponent is switched on at key parts of the journey,especially on take-off and landing.Its certainly an exciting time for electric flying.With companies like Harbour Air taking第1页 共7 2页the lead,battery-powered planes,especially on short-haul journeys,are set to become areality in the next few years.(1)According to Para.1,what is happening in air transport?A.New explorations of the sky are being launched.B.Pollution caused by batteries is being controlled.C.Efforts are being made to make air travel greener.D.Demand for short-haul flights is increasing massively.(2)Why is Harbour Air fit for electric flights?A.It runs short routes.B.It has a strong partner.C.Its planes can land on the sea.D.It has planes with powerful engines.(3)The expression added bonus refers to the fact that electric p l a n e s.A.give passengers more pleasant viewsB.bring airlines more financial benefitsC.offer more enjoyable flying experiencesD.cost less in maintenance than traditional ones(4)What might be the biggest challenge of electric flying?A.To improve the ground service for e-planes.B.To find qualified technicians fore-plane industry.C.To calculate the energy needed to power e-planes.D.To balance power and weight of batteries in e-planes.(5)What could be done during the transition from gas to electric in air flight?A To produce new electric components.B.To increase battery consumption.C.To use mixed-power technology.D.To expand the landing field.(6)What is the authors attitude towards the prospect of electric flying?A.Short-sighted.第2页 共7 2页B.Wait-and-see.C.Optimistic.D.Skeptical.2.Wild Track is an organization that aims to protect endangered animals like rhinos.They use acomputer program that runs photos of animal tracks through an algorithm(演算法).Thenthe program makes the same observations as a tracker would,allowing scientists to knowwhere individual animals go.However,the program itself needs training.It starts with collecting good photos of prints from endangered animals in captivity(圈养).As people send in photos of tracks from animals in the wild,the FIT program cancompare it to tracks from animals it knows.As the program becomes more accurate,WildTrack hopes it will become a major tool for monitoring any endangered species.Anyone can help Wild Track by taking images of tracks and sending them to a partnerorganization called naturalist.org.The only tool you need is a digital camera orcellphone.After finding a clear track,place one ruler along the bottom of the footprint andanother along the left side.Below the footprint,place a note containing your exact name andthe date.Holding the camera or cellphone directly above the track,take a photo showing thefootprint,rulers and note.Later,visit inaturalist.org and follow the instructions on the siteto send your photo.Wild Track needs photos of footprints made not only by animals in captivity but alsothose living in the wild.In wild places,you should take care not to disturb animals in theirnatural environment.If you intend to photograph in a wild area that is unknown to you,thenyou should not go there alone.Instead,go with someone who is familiar with the region andexperienced at tracking.(1)How does the writer begin this article about WildTrack?A.By discussing the software that it employsB.By praising its recent efforts to raise fundsC.By explaining how and when it was foundedD.By summarizing different opinions about it(2)According to this article,which animals are WildTrack mainly interested in?第3页 共7 2页A.Those which cause a threat to human settlementsB Those which are now at risk of becoming extinctC.Those which have been illegally kept as petsD.Those which disappeared from the Earth long ago（3）What does this article talk about in detail?A.A list of locations worth exploringB.A strategy for acquiring equipmentC.A warning not to engage in huntingD.A technique containing several steps（4）What does the article suggest doing in wild areas?A.Admiring the wild landscapeB.Preparing well for wild weatherC.Leaving wild creatures aloneD.Consuming a diet of wild plants3.Royal Dutch Shell is launching a$300 million and forestry program,at a time when anincreasing number of oil companies are putting money in carbon offset（碳补偿）plans tomeet climate goals.The company will spend the money over the next three years on projectsto store carbon,including large forests in the Netherlands and Spain,and will start offeringmotorists the option of purchasing carbon offsets when they buy petrol at the pump.The executives of the company explained that these carbon offset projects were a newbusiness opportunity for Shell,as well as a way to meet is climate targets.We believe thatover time we will be building a business,because these carbon credits will become morevaluable as carbon becomes more limited,they said.Shell recently decided to cut its netcarbon footprint（碳用F放）by 2-3 percent in five years,which includes emissions（用 F放）from the products it sells.The company plans to produce carbon credits from the forestryprojects,then sell these credits on to customers buying is oil and gas products,or apply thecredits to is own operations to lower its carbon footprint.Plants absorb carbon dioxide as they grow and restoring forests and other natural areas isconsidered one of the simplest ways to store carbon.However,the voluntary market forcarbon credits based on forestry projects has its critics,as projects in developing countries can第4页 共7 2页be hard to monitor.Shells move has also been criticized by some environmentalists.Theyworried that there was a risk of green wash when companies invested in forestryprojects.There is an entire debate about whether forestry projects truly reduce emissions ornot,they said,pointing out that planting in one area could cause deforestation(滥伐森林)to another.Shell said it would rely on the third party to ensure its forest program to meet theVoluntary Carbon Standard and strict biodiversity requirements.Mark Lewis,head ofclimate change investment research at BNP Paribas,said,“Planting trees to offset emissions,as far as it goes,is a step in the right direction.(1)What is popular among oil companies these days?A.Studying climate changes.B.Launching forestry programs.C Working out carbon offset plans.D.Attracting motorists to buy their petrol.(2)How will Shell Company make profits from its carbon offset projects?A.By quitting the emissions of its products.B.By reducing its carbon footprint by a quarter.C.By limiting the oil used by its own operations.D.By putting carbon credits it produces on the market.(3)W hat concerns some environmentalists about forestry project?A.The projects cant really stop carbon emissions.B.The projects are hard to monitor in poor countries.C.The projects may lead to deforestation in other forests.D.The projects havent met strict biodiversity requirements.(4)What does the underlined word green wash in paragraph 3 mean?A.Discount.B.Cheat.C.Decline.D.Change.第5页 共7 2页4.Memories are stronger when the original experiences are accompanied by unpleasant smells,ateam of researchers has found.The study broadens our understanding of what can drivePavlovian responses（巴甫洛夫条件反射）and points to how negative experiences influenceour ability to recall past events.These results prove that bad smells can lead to memoryimprovement in both adolescents and adults,explains Catherine Hartley,an assistantprofessor in New York Universitys Department of Psychology（心理学）and the seniorauthor of the paper,which appears in the journal Learning&Memory.The effect of negative experiences on memory has long been shown-and is familiar tous.For example,if you are bitten by a dog,you may develop a negative memory of the dogthat bit you.Because of the painful memory suiTounding the bite,you are likely to have astronger impression of it than your other past experiences with dogs.In order to better understand how learned negative experiences influence memory duringthis stage of development,the researchers designed a Pavlovian learning task for individualsaged 13 to 25.The task included the viewing of a series of images belonging to one of twokinds：objects and scenes.As the studys participants viewed the images,they wore a maskconnected to a special equipment.While participants viewed images from one kind,unpleasant smells were sometimes sent through the piece of equipment to the mask；whileviewing images from the other kind,air with no smell was used.This allowed theresearchers to examine memory for images connected with a bad smell as well as fordescription of related images.A day later,researchers tested the participants,memory for the images.Their findingsshowed that both adolescents and adults showed better memory for images paired with the badsmell 24 hours after they saw these images.They also found that some individuals had largerresponses at the point when they thought they would experience either a bad smell or clean airwhile viewing the image,no matter whether a smell was actually delivered.And thosepeople were proved to have better memory.This suggests that unpredictability（不可预测性）or surprise was connected with the outcome leading to better memory.（1）What has a stronger influence on our memory according to the text?A.Painful experiences.第6页 共7 2页B.An easy journey.C.Warm weather.D.A lovely toy.(2)What*s the function of the equipment connected to the mask in the research?A.To collect data.B.To show images.C.To provide bad smells.D.To protect the participants.(3)Whats the best title for the text?A.Bad smells lead to good memoriesB.Surprises improve peoples memoriesC.An important lesson on human memoriesD.The relationship between smells and memories5.In an attempt to win back old customers,restaurants and companies often introduce new menuitems or new flavors.Most of these are successful with customers because they have alwaysbeen researched and tested by companies before they meet the public.However,there arestill some that are so unpopular with customers and they fail so badly as a product that theybecome infamous.One of the most well-known marketing failures happened in 1985 with New Coke,asoft drink created to replace the original Coca-Cola flavor.The Coca-Cola Companytested several new flavors and found that people always preferred a sweeter soda.As a result,the CEO decided that the sweeter soda would replace the original Coca-Cola drink.Many customers however,soon started to express their dissatisfaction with the newdrink.The Coca-Cola Company received over 1,500 angry telephone calls every day.TheCoca-Cola Company actually employed special experts to talk to customers because theywere so angry and sad about the change.Some Americans were buying old Coca-Coladrinks from overseas where the new drink had not yet been introduced.And in some parts ofAmerica people were so angry that they emptied bottles of New Coke into the street.So many people were unhappy with Coca-Colas new drink that the company decidedonly three months later to return to the old Coca-Cola drink.On July 10,1985,the Coca第7页 共7 2页-Cola Company said that it would bring back the old Coke and rename the drink Coca-Cola Classic or Coke Classic.Thousands of customers phoned the company to express their support.Even today,business experts are interested in this case.Even though the Coca-ColaCompany had carefully tested and experimented with New Coke before introducing it tocustomers,the New drink was still very unpopular.So,what did Coca-Cola do wrong?It seems the company simply did not understand customers*deep historical and emotionalattachment to the drink.(1)Why do companies usually introduce new menu items?A.To attract past customers.B.To attract new customers.C.To attract elderly customers.D.To attract customers with special needs.(2)What is the difference between New Coke and the original one?A.New Coke is sweeter.B.New Coke is more acidic.C.New Cokes color is lighter.D.New Cokes bottle is bigger.(3)What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?A.Why New Coke failed in America.B.The harm New Coke did to people*s health.C.How customers acted in answer to the introduction of New Coke.D.The comparison between sales of New Coke and the original one.(4)When was New Coke put on the market?A.In May 1985.B.In April 1985.C.In June 1985.D.In July 1985.(5)What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?第8页 共7 2页A.The reasons why New Coke succeeded overseas.B.The history of the Coca-Cola Company in the 1990s.C.The difference between New Coke and Coke Classic.D.The importance of peoples feelings about old products.6.If plastic had been invented when the Pilgrims（清教徒移民）sailed from Plymouth,England,to North America-and the Mayflower had been stocked with bottled water and plastic-wrapped snacks-their plastic waste would likely still be around,four centuries later.Ifthe Pilgrims had been like many people today and had simply thrown their empty bottles andwrappers over the side,Atlantic waves and sunlight would have worn all that pl