英语一阅读理解考研真题.pdf
英语一阅读理解考研真题英语一阅读理解考研真题1Text 2A new survey by Harvard University finds more thantwo-thirds of young Americans disapprove of PresidentTrump s use of Twitter.The implication is thatMillennials prefer news from the White House to befiltered through other source,Not a president,ssocial media platform.Most Americans rely on social media to check dailyheadlines.Yet as distrust has risen toward all media,people may be starting to beef up their medialiteracy skills.Such a trend is badly needed.Duringthe 20XX presidential campaign,nearly a quarter ofweb content shared by Twitter users in thepolitically critical state of Michigan was fake news,according to the University of Oxford.And a surveyconducted for BuzzFeed News found 44 percent ofFacebook users rarely or never trust news from themedia giant.Young people who are digital natives are indeedbeing more skillful at separating fact from fictionin cyberspace.A Knight Foundation focus-group surveyof young people between ages 14and24 found they useadistributed trustw to verify stories.They crosscheck sources and prefer news from differentperspectives especially those that are open aboutany bias.Many young people assume a great deal ofpersonal responsibility for educating themselves andactively seeking out opposing viewpoints,n thesurvey concluded.Such active research can have another effect.A20XX survey conducted in Australia,Britain,and theUnited States by the University of Wisconsin-Madisonfound that young people s reliance on social medialed to greater political engagement.Social media allows users to experience newsevents more intimately and immediately while alsopermitting them to re-share news as a projection oftheir values and interests.This forces users to bemore conscious of their role in passing alonginformation.A survey by Barna research group foundthe top reason given by Americans for the fake newsphenomenon is“reader error,n more so than made-upstories or factual mistakes in reporting.About athird say the problem of fake news lies inmisinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news”via social media.In other words,the choice to sharenews on social media may be the heart of the issue.“This indicates there is a real personalresponsibility in counteracting this problem,w saysRoxanne Stone,editor in chief at Barna Group.So when young people are critical of an overtweeting president,they reveal a mental disciplinein thinking skills-and in their choices on when toshare on social media.26.According to the Paragraphs 1 and 2,manyyoung Americans cast doubts onA the justification of the news-filteringpractice.B people s preference for social mediaplatforms.C the administrations ability to handleinformation.D social media was a reliable source of news.27.The phrase“beer up”(Line 2,Para.2)isclosest in meaning toA sharpenB defineC boastD share28.According to the knight foundation survey,young peopleA tend to voice their opinions in cyberspace.B verify news by referring to diverse resources.C have s strong sense of responsibility.D like to exchange views on udistributedtrust”29.The Barna survey found that a main cause forthe fake news problem isA readers outdated values.B journalists,biased reportingC readers mi s interpretat ionD journalistS,made-up stories.30.Which of the following would be the best titlefor the text?A A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing NewsOnlineB A Counteraction Against the Over-tweetingTrendC The Accumulation of Mutual Trust on SocialMedia.D The Platforms for Projection of PersonalInterests.英语一阅读理解考研真题2TEXT 2Just how much does the Constitution protect yourdigital data?The Supreme Court will now considerwhether police can search the contents of a mobilephone without a warrant if the phone is on or arounda person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refrain froma sweeping ruling,particularly one that upsets theold assumptions that authorities may search throughthe possessions of suspects at the time of theirarrest.It is hard,the state argues,for judges toassess the implications of new and rapidly changingtechnologies.The court would be recklessly modest if itfollowed Californias advice.Enough of theimplications are discernable,even obvious,so thatthe justice can and should provide updated guidelinesto police,lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding Californias lameargument that exploring the contents of a smartphone-a vast storehouse of digital information is similarto say,going through a suspects purse.The courthas ruled that police dont violate the FourthAmendment when they go through the wallet orpocketbook,of an arrestee without a warrant.Butexploring one1s smartphone is more like entering hisor her home.A smartphone may contain an arresteesreading history,financial history,medical historyand prehensive records of recent correspondence.Thedevelopment of cloud puting.*meanwhile,has madethat exploration so much the easier.But the justices should not swallow Californiasargument whole.New,disruptive technology sometimesdemands novel applications of the Constitutionsprotections.Orin Kerr,a law professor,pares theexplosion and accessibility of digital information inthe 21st century with the establishment of automobileuse as a digital necessity of life in the 20th：Thejustices had to specify novel rules for the newpersonal domain of the passenger car then；they mustsort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digitalinformation now.26.The Supreme court,will work out whether,during an arrest,it is legitimate toA search for suspects mobile phones without awarrant.B check suspects phone contents without beingauthorized.C prevent suspects from deleting their phonecontents.D prohibit suspects from using their mobilephones.27.The authors attitude toward Californiasargument is one ofA tolerance.B indifference.C disapproval.D cautiousness.28.The author believes that exploring one*s phonecontent is parable toA getting into one*s residence.B handing ones historical records.C scanning one*s correspondences.D going through ones wallet.29.In Paragraph 5 and 6,the author shows hisconcern thatA principles are hard to be clearly expressed.B the court is giving police less room foraction.EC phones are used to store sensitive information.D citizens privacy is not effective protected.30.Orin Kerrs parison is quoted to indicate that(A)the Constitution should be implemented flexibly.(B)New technology requires reinterpretation of theConstitution.(C)California1s argument violates principles ofthe Constitution.(D)Principles of the Constitution should never bealtered.英语一阅读理解考研真题3Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank ofAmerica in August,his explanation was surprisinglystraight up.Rather than cloaking his exit in theusual vague excuses,he came right out and said hewas leaving“to pursue my goal of running a pany.”Broadcasting his ambition was“very much mydecision,“McGee says.Within two weeks,he wastalking for the first time with the board of HartfordFinancial Services Group,which named him CEO andchairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined upgave him time to reflect on what kind of pany hewanted to run.It also sent a clear message to theoutside world about his aspirations.And McGee isn talone.In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avonand American Express quit with the explanation thatthey were looking for a CEO post.As boardsscrutinize succession plans in response toshareholder pressure,executives who don t get thenod also may wish to move on.A turbulent businessenvironment also has senior managers cautious ofletting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to takehold,deputy chiefs may be more willing to make thejump without a net.In the third quarter,CEOturnover was down 23%from a year ago as nervousboards stuck with the leaders they had,according toLiberum Research.As the economy picks up,opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decisiona better one isand headhuntersmost attractiveto quit a senior position to look forunconventional.For years executiveshave adhered to the rule that theC EO candidates are the ones who mustbe poached.Says Korn/Ferry senior partner DennisCarey：I can t think of a single search I ve donewhere a board has not instructed m e to look atsitting CEOs first.nThose who jumped without a job haven t alwayslanded in top positions quickly.Ellen Marram quit aschief of Tropicana a decade age,saying she wantedto be a C EO.It was a year before she became head ofa tiny Internet-based modities exchange.RobertWiHumstad left Citigroup in 20XX with ambitions tobe a CEO.He finally took that post at a majorfinancial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading fortop performers.The financial crisis has made it moreacceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one.“The traditional rule was it，s safer to stay whereyou are,but that s been fundamentally inverted,“says one headhunter.The people who ve been hurtthe worst are those who ve stayed too long.”26.W hen M cGee announced his departure,hismanner can best be described as beingAarrogant.Bfrank.Cself-centered.Dimpulsive.27.According to Paragraph 2,seniorexecutives quitting may be spurred byAtheir expectation of better financial status.Btheir need to reflect on their private life.Ctheir strained relations with the boards.Dtheir pursuit of new career goals.28.The word poached”(Line 3,Paragraph 4)most probably meansAapproved of.Battended to.Chunted for.Dguarded against.29.It can be inferred from the last paragraphthatAtop performers used to cling to their posts.Bloyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.Ctop performers care more about reputations.Dit s safer to stick to the traditional rules.30.Which of the following is the best title forthe text?ACEOs：Where to Go?BiCEOs：All the Way Up?CTop Managers Jump without a NetDThe Only Way Out for Top Performers英语一阅读理解考研真题4Text 2An old saying has it that half of all advertisingbudgets are wasted-the trouble is,no one knows whichhalf.In the internet age,at least in theory,thisfraction can be much reduced.By watching whatpeople search for,click on and say online,paniescan aim“behavioural“ads at those most likely tobuy.In the past couple of weeks a quarrel hasillustrated the value to advertisers of such finegrained information：Should advertisers assume thatpeople are happy to be tracked and sent behaviouralads?Or should they have explicit permission?In December 20XX America*s Federal TradeCommission(FTC)proposed adding a do not track”(DNT)option to internet browsers,so that userscould tell adwertisers that they did not want to befollowed.Microsofts Internet Explorer and ApplesSafari both offer DNT；Googles Chrome is due to doso this year.In February the FTC and DigitalAdwertising Alliance(DAA)agreed that the industrywould get cracking on responging to DNT requests.On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row：It saidthat Internet Explorer 10,the version due to appearwindows 8,would have DNT as a default.It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond.Geting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stoptracking,although some panies have promised to do so.Unable to tell whether someone really objects tobehavioural ads or whether they are sticking withMicrosoft s default,some may ignore a DNT signaland press on anyway.Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone.Atter all,it has an ad business too,which it sayswill ply with DNT requests,though it is stillworking out how.If it is trying to upset Google,which relies almost wholly on default will bee thenorm.DNT does not seem an obviously huge sellingpoint for windows 8-though the firm has pared some ofits other products favourably with Googles on thatcount before.Brendon Lynch,Microsofts chiefprivacy officer,bloggde：nwe believe consumers shouldhave more control.Could it really be that simple?26.It is suggested in paragraph 1 that“behavioural“ads help advertisers to：A ease petition among themselvesB lower their operational costsC avoid plaints from consumersD provide better online services27.“The industryw(Line 6,Para.3)refers to：A online advertisersB e-merce conductorsC digital information analysisD internet browser developers28.Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as adefaultA many cut the number of junk adsB fails to affect the ad industryC will not benefit consumersD goes against human nature29.which of the following is ture according toParagraph.6?A DNT may not serve its intended purposeB Advertisers are willing to implement DNTC DNT is losing its popularity among consumersD Advertisers are obliged to offer behaviouralads30.The authors attitude towards what BrendonLynch said in his blog is one of：A indulgenceB understandingC appreciactionD skepticism
