英语高考真题卷--北京（含答案解析）.pdf
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试北京卷英 语本试卷共1 2 0 分。考试时长1 0 0 分钟。第一部分:知识运用（共两节,45 分）第一节 单项填空（共 1 5 小题;每小题1 分，共 1 5 分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1 .H i,I m Peter.A re you new here?I haven t seen you around.H ello,Peter.I m B ob.I just on Monday.A.start B.have startedC.started D.had started2.we don,t stop climate change,many animals and plants in the world will begone.A.A lthough B.WhileC.I f D.Until3.along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.A.Travel B.TravelingC.H aving traveled D.Traveled4.Susan had quit her well-paid job and as a volunteer in the neighborhood when Ivisited her last year.A.is working B.was workingC.has worked D.had worked5.She and her family bicycle to work,helps them keep fit.A.which B.whoC.as D.that6.D uring the Mid-A utumn F estival,family members often gather t o g e t h e r a meal,admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.A.share B.to shareC.having shared D.shared7.C hina s high-speed railways from 9,0 0 0 to 2 5,0 0 0 kilometers in the past fewyears.A.are growingC.will grow8.I n any unsafeyou the help youB.have grownD.had grownsituation,simplyneed.the button and a highly-trained agent will getA.press B.to pressC.pressing D.pressed9.A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who in the mountains for twodays.A.are trappingC.were trapping1 0.Ordinary soap,B.D.have been trappedhad been trappedcorrectly,can deal with bacteria effectively.A.used B.to use C.using D.use1 1.Without his support,we wouldn,t be we are now.A.how B.when C.where D.why1 2.I n today s information age,the loss of data cause serious problems for acompany.A.need B.should C.can D.must1 3.They might have found a better hotel if theya few more kilometers.A.droveB.would driveC.were to drive D.had driven1 4.一G ood morning,Mr.Lee s office.一G ood morning.I d like to make an appointmentnext Wednesday afternoon.A.for B.on C.in D.at1 5 .This is my father has taught me-to always face difficulties and hope for thebest.A.how B.which C.that D.what第二节 完形填空（共 2 0 小题;每小题L 5分，共 3 0 分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。The H omeless H eroF or many,finding anof temptation（诱惑）.B utstreets with little food17 more remarkable.unattended wallet filled with 40 0 in cash would be a source（来源）the 1 6 would no doubt be greater if you were living on theand money.A l 1 of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom SmithA fter spotting a 1 8 on the front seat inside a parked car with its window down,hestood guard in the rain for about two hours waiting for the 1 9 to return.A fter hours in the cold and wet,he 2 0 inside and pulled the wallet out hoping tofind some I D so he could contact（联系）the driver,only to 2 1 it contained 40 0 innotes,with another 5 0 in spare change beside it.H e then took the wallet,to a nearby police station after 2 2 a note behind to let theowner know it was safe.When the car s owner J ohn A nderson and his colleague C arol Lawrencereturned to the car-which was itself worth 3 5,0 0 0 in G lasgow city centre,they were2 3 to find two policemen standing next to it.Theand that the wallet was 2 4.policemen told them what Mr.Smith didThe pair were later able to thank Mr.SmithMr.A nderson said:I couldn,t believe thatsleeping on the streets tonight 2 6 he couldforthehis 2 5guy never took a penny.To think he ishave stolen theto staythoughtthere.Mr.in.This guy has nothing and 2 7 he didn t take theabout others 2 8 .I tSmith,s act 3 0 muchmedia users after Mr.A ndersons unbelievable.I t just provesof the public s attention.H e3 1 about the act of kindnessmoney and paid for a placewallet for himself;hethere are 2 9 guys outalso won praise from socialon his blog.Now Mr.A nderson has set up an online campaign to 3 2 money for Mr.Smith and otherhomeless people in the area,which by yesterday had received 8,0 0 0.think the faiththat everyone has shown 3 3 him has touched him.People have been approaching him in thestreet;he,s had job 3 4 and all sorts,z/Mr.A nderson commented.F or Mr.Smith,this is a possible life-changing 3 5 .The story once again tells usthat one good turn deserves another.1 6.A.hopeB.aim C.urgeD.effort1 7.A.stillB.even C.everD.once1 8.A.walletB.bag C.boxD.parcel1 9.A.partner B.colleagueC.ownerD.policeman2 0.A.turnedB.hid C.steppedD.reached2 1.A.discover B collectC.checkD.believe2 2.A.takingB.leavingC.readingD.writing2 3.A.satisfiedB.excitecC.amusedD.shocked24.A.safeB.missingC.foundD.seen2 5.A.service B.supportC.kindness D.encouragement2 6.A.whenB.ifC.whereD.because2 7.A.ratherB.yetC.alreadyD.just2 8.A.tooB.thoughC.againD.instead2 9.A.honestB.politeC.richD.generous3 0.A.gaveB.paidC.castD.drew3 1.A.learned B.postedC.caredD.heard3 2.A.borrowB.raiseC.saveD.earn3 3.A.ofB.atC.forD.in3 4.A.details B.changesC.offersD.applications3 5.A.lessonB.adventureC.chanceD.challenge第二部分：阅读理解（共两节,4 0分）第 一 节（共1 5小题;每小题2分，共3 0分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AMy F irst Marathon（马拉松）A month before my first marathon,one of my ankles was injured and this meant notrunning for two weeks,leaving me only two weeks to train.Yet,I was determined to go ahead.I remember back to my 7 th year in school.I n my first P.E.class,the teacher requiredus to run laps and then hit a softball.I didn,t do either well.H e later informed me thatI was not athletic”.The idea that I was not athletic stuck with me for years.When I started running in my3 0 s,I realized running was a battle against myself,not about competition or whether or notI was athletic.I t was all about the battle against my own body and mind.A test of wills!The night before my marathon,I dreamt that I couldn t even find the finish line.Iwoke up sweating and nervous,but ready to prove something to myself.Shortly after crossing the start line,my shoe laces（鞋带）became untied.So I stoppedto readjust.Not the start I wanted!A t mile 3,I passed a sign:G O F OR I T,RUNNE RS!B y mile 1 7,I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly.D espite thepain,I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.B y mile 2 1,I was starving!A s I approached mile 2 3,I could see my wife waving a sign.She is my biggest fan.Shenever minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m.or questioned my expenses on running.I was one of the final runners to finish.B ut I finished!A nd I got a medal.I n fact,Igot the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.D etermined to be myself,move forward,free of shame and worldly labels（世俗标签），I cannow cal1 myself a“marathon winner”.3 6.A month before the marathon,the author.A.was well trainedB.felt scaredC.made up his mind to runD.lost hope3 7.Why did the author mention the P.E.class in his 7 th year?A.To acknowledge the support of his teacher.B.To amuse the readers with a funny story.C.To show he was not talented in sports.D.To share a precious memory.3 8.H ow was the author,s first marathon?A.H e made it.B.H e quit halfway.C.H e got the first prize.D.H e walked to the end.3 9.What does the story mainly tell us?A.A man owes his success to his family support.B.A winner is one with a great effort of will.C.F ailure is the mother of success.D.One is never too old to learn.BF ind Your A dventure at the Space and A viation（航空）C enterI f you re looking for a unique adventure,the Space and A viation C enter（SA C）is theplace to be.The C enter offers programs designed to challenge and inspire with hands-ontasks and lots of fun.More than 7 5 0,0 0 0 have graduated from SA C,with many seeking employment in engineering,aviation,education,medicine and a wide variety of other professions.They come to camp,wanting to know what it is like to be an astronaut or a pilot,and they leave with real-world applications for what they re studying in the classroom.F or the trainees,the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges（荣誉徽章）.A tSpace C amp,trainees can earn their Space E xploration badge as they build and fire modelrockets,learn about space tasks and try simulated（模拟）flying to space with the crew fromall over the world.The A viation C hallenge program gives trainees the chance to earn theirA viation badge.They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills in thecockpit（驾驶舱）of a variety of flight simulators.Trainees also get a good start on theirWilderness Survival badge as they learn about water-and land-survival through designedtasks and their search and rescue of a downed pilot.With all the programs,teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance of leadershipand being part of a bigger task.A ll this fun is available for ages 9 to 1 8.F amilies can enjoy the experience together,too,with F amily C amp programs for families with children as young as 7.Stay an hour or stay a week-there is something here for everyone!F or more details,please visit us online at .40.Why do people come to SA C?A.To experience adventures.B.To look for jobs in aviation.C.To get a degree in engineering.D.To learn more about medicine.41.To earn a Space E xploration badge,a trainee needs to.A.fly to spaceB.get an A viation badge firstC.study the principles of flightD.build and fire model rockets42.What is the most important for trainees?A.Leadership.B.Team spirit.C.Task planning.D.Survival skills.CPlastic-E ating Worms _H umans produce more than 3 0 0 million tons of plastic every year.A lmost halfof that winds up in landfills（垃圾填埋场），and up to 1 2 million tons pollute theoceans.So far there is no effective way to get rid of it,but a new study Msuggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.Researchers in Spain and E ngland recently found that the worms of the greaterwax moth can break down polyethylene,which accounts for 40%of plastics.The greater wax mothteam left 1 0 0 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 1 2 hours,and theworms consumed and broke down about 9 2 milligrams,or almost 3%of it.To confirm that theworms chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown,the researchersmade some worms into paste（糊状物）and applied it to plastic films.1 4 hours later the filmshad lost 1 3%of their mass 一 apparently broken down by enzymes（酶）from the wormsstomachs.Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2 0 1 7.F ederica B ertocchini,co-author of the study,says the worms,ability to break downtheir everyday food-beeswax-also allows them to break down plastic.Z/Wax is a complexmixture,but the basic bond in polyethylene,the carbon-carbon bond,is there as well,“sheexplains.The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.z，J ennifer D eB ruyn,a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee,who was not involvedin the study,says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene.B utcompared with previous studies,she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting.The next step,D eB ruyn says,will be to identify the cause of the breakdown.I s it an enzymeproduced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes（肠道微生物）？B ertocchini agrees and hopes her team s findings might one day help employ the enzymeto break down plastics in landfills.B ut she expects using the chemical in some kind ofindustrial process-not simply millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.43.What can we learn about the worms in the study?A.They take plastics as their everyday food.B.They are newly evolved creatures.C.They can consume plastics.D.They wind up in landfills.44.A ccording to J ennifer D eB ruyn,the next step of the study is to.A.identify other means of the breakdownB.find out the source of the enzymeC.confirm the research findingsD.increase the breakdown speed45.I t can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might.A.help to raise wormsB.help make plastic bagsC.be used to clean the oceansD.be produced in factories in future46.What is the main purpose of the passage?A.To explain a study method on worms.B.To introduce the diet of a special worm.C.To present a way to break down plastics.D.To propose new means to keep eco-balance.DPreparing C ities for Robot C arsThe possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist s dream,years away from materializing in the real world.Well,the future is apparently now.TheC alifornia D epartment of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in A pril for companies to testtruly self-driving cars on public roads.The state also cleared the way for companies tosell or rent out self-driving cars,and for companies to operate driverless taxi services.C alifornia,it should be noted,isn t leading the way here.C ompanies have been testingtheir vehicles in cities across the country.I t s hard to predict when driverless cars willbe everywhere on our roads.B ut however long it takes,the technology has the potential tochange our transportation systems and our cities,for better or for worse,depending on howthe transformation is regulated.While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars（andrightfully so）,policymakers also should be talking about how self-driving vehicles can helpreduce traffic jams,cut emissions（排放）and offer more convenient,affordable mobilityoptions.The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles areenvironmentally friendly and more shared.D o we want to copy or even worsen 一 the traffic of today with driverless cars?I magine a future where most adults own individual self-driving vehicles.They tolerate long,slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work,entertainthemselves or sleep on the ride,which encourages urban spread.They take their driverlesscar to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying forparking.I nstead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning,they sendthe self-driving minibus.The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailing（叫车）services.A study from the University of C alifornia at D avis suggested that replacing petrol-powered private cars worldwide with electric,self-driving and shared systems could reducecarbon emissions from transportation 8 0%and cut the cost of transportationinfrastructure（基石出设施）and operations 40%by 2 0 5 0.F ewer emissions and cheaper travelsound pretty appealing.The first commercially available driverless cars will almostcertainly be fielded by ride-hailing services,considering the cost of self-drivingtechnology as well as liability and maintenance issues（责任与维护问题）.B ut driverless carownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with thetechnology.Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance ofdriverless vehicles doesn t extend the worst aspects of the car-controlled transportationsystem we have today.The coming technological advancement presents a chance for cities andstates to develop transportation systems designed to move more people,and more affordably.The car of the future is coming.We just have to plan for it.47.A ccording to the author,attention should be paid to how driverless cars can.A.help deal with
