2019年高考英语阅读理解综合训练31篇.pdf

高考英语阅读理解综合训练31篇Part IQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:Believe it or not,optical illusion（错觉）can cut highway crashes.Japan is a case in point.It has reduced automobile crashes on someroads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion.Bent stripes,called chevrons（人字形），painted on the roads make drivers think thatthey are driving faster than they really are,and thus drivers slow down.Now the American Automobile Association Foundation for TrafficSafety in Washington D.C.is planning to repeat Japans success.Startingnext year,the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripeson selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reducehighway crashes.Excessive speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fataltraffic accidents,according to the foundation.To help reduce thoseaccidents,the foundation will conduct its tests in areas wherespeed-related hazards are the greatest-curves,exit slopes,traffic circles,and bridges.Some studies suggest that straight,horizontal bars painted acrossroads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half.However,traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used toseeing the painted barsChevrons,scientists say,not only give drivers the impression thatthey are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane appear tobe narrower.The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed andthe number of traffic accidents.1.The passage mainly d i s c u s s e s.A)a new way of highway speed control C)a new approach totraining driversB)a new pattern for painting highways D)a new type of opticalillusion2.On roads painted with chevrons,drivers tend to feel t hat.A)they should avoid speed-related hazards B)they are driving inthe wrong laneC)they should slow down their speed D)they are approaching thespeed limit3.The advantage of chevrons over straight,horizontal bars is thatthe f o r me r.A)can keep drivers awake C)will have a longer effect on driversB)can cut road accidents in half D)will look more attractive4.The American Automobile Association Foundation for TrafficSafety plans to.A)try out the Japanese method in certain areasB)change the road signs across the countryC)replace straight,horizontal bars with chevronsD)repeat the Japanese road patterns5.What does the author say about straight,horizontal bars paintedacross roads?A)They are falling out of use in the United States.B)They tend to be ignored by drivers in a short period of time.C)They are applicable only on broad roads.D)They cannot be applied successfully to traffic circles.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:Amtrak(美国铁路客运公司)was experiencing a downswing inridership(客运量)along the lines comprising its rail system.Of majorconcern to Amtrak and its advertising agency DDB Needham,were thelong-distance western routes where ridership had been decliningsignificantly.At one time,trains were the only practical way to cross the vastareas of the west.Trains were fast,very luxurious,and quite convenientcompared to other forms of transportation existing at the time.However,times change and the automobile became Americas standard ofconvenience.Also,air travel had easily established itself as the fastestmethod of traveling great distances.Therefore,the task for DDBNeedham was to encourage consumers to consider other aspects of traintravel in order to change their attitudes and increase the likelihood thattrains would be considered for travel in the west.Two portions of the total market were targeted:1)anxious fliers-those concerned with safety,relaxation,and cleanliness and 2)travel-lovers-those viewing themselves as relaxed,casual,and interestedin the travel experience as part of their vacation.The agency thendeveloped a campaign that focused on travel experiences such as freedom,escape,relaxation,and enjoyment of the great western outdoors.Itstressed experiences gained by using the trains and portrayed westerntrain trips as wonderful adventures.Advertisements showed pictures of the beautiful scenery that couldbe enjoyed along some of the more famous western routes andemphasized the romantic names of some of these trains(Empire Builder,etc.).These ads were strategically placed among family-oriented TVshows and programs involving nature and America in order to mosteffectively reach target audiences.Results were impressive.The EmpireBuilder,which was focused on in one ad,enjoyed a 15 percent increase inprofits on its Chicago to Seattle route.6.Whats the authors purpose in writing this passage?A)To show the inability of trains to compete with planes withrespect to speed and conve-nience.B)To stress the influence of the automobile on Americas standardof convenience.C)To emphasize the function of travel agencies in marketpromotion.D)To illustrate the important role of persuasive communication inchanging consumer atti-tudes.7.It can be inferred from the passage that the drop in Amtrakridership was due to the fact t hat.A)trains were not suitable for short distance passengertransportationB)trains were not the fastest and most convenient form oftransportationC)trains were not as fast and convenient as they used to beD)trains could not compete with planes in terms of luxury andconvenience8.To encourage consumers to travel by train,DDB Needhame m p h a s iz e d.A)the freedom and convenience provided on trainsB)the practical aspects of train travelC)the adventurous aspects of train tripsD)the safety and cleanliness of train trips9.The train ads were placed among family-oriented TV programsinvolving nature and America b e c a u s e.A)they could focus on meaningful travel experiencesB)they could increase the effectiveness of the TV programsC)their profits could be increased by some 15 percentD)most travel-lovers and nervous fliers were believed to be amongthe audiences10.According to the passage,the Empire Builder enjoyed anincrease in ridership and profits b e c a u s e.A)the attractiveness of its name and route was effectivelyadvertisedB)it provided an exciting travel experienceC)its passengers could enjoy the great western outdoorsD)it was widely advertised in newspapers and magazines inChicago and SeattleQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:Why does cream go bad faster than butter?Some researchers thinkthey have the answer,and it comes down to the structure of the food,notits chemical composition-a finding that could help rid some processedfoods of chemical preservatives.Cream and butter contain pretty much the same substances,so whycream should sour much faster has been a mystery.Both are emulsions-tiny globules(小 球 体)of one liquid evenly distributed throughoutanother.The difference lies in whats in the globules and whats in thesurrounding liquid,says Brocklehurst,who led the investigation.In cream,fatty globules drift about in a sea of water.In butter,globules of a watery solution are locked away in a sea of fat.The bacteriawhich make the food go bad prefer to live in the watery regions of themixture.This means that in cream,the bacteria are free to growthroughout the mixture,he says.When the situation is reversed,the bacteria are locked away incompartments（B鬲仓室）buried deep in the sea of fat.Trapped in this way,individual colonies cannot spread and rapidly run out of nutrients（养料）.They also slowly poison themselves with their waste products.In butter,you get a self-limiting system which stops the bacteria growing,saysBrocklehurst.The researchers are already working with food companies keen tosee if their products can be made resistant to bacterial attack throughalterations to the foods structure.Brocklehurst believes it will bepossible to make the emulsions used in salad cream,for instance,morelike that in butter.The key will be to do this while keeping the saladcream liquid and not turning it into a solid lump.11.The significance of Brocklehursts research is t hat.A）it suggested a way to keep some foods fresh withoutpreservativesB)it discovered tiny globules in both cream and butterC)it revealed the secret of how bacteria multiply in cream andbutterD)it found that cream and butter share the same chemicalcomposition12.According to the researchers,cream sours faster than butterbecause b a c t e r i a.A)are more evenly distributed in creamB)multiply more easily in cream than in butterC)live on less fat in cream than in butterD)produce less waste in cream than in butter13.According to Brocklehurst,we can keep cream fresh by.A)removing its fat C)reducing its water contentB)killing the bacteria D)altering its structure14.The word colonies(Line 2,Para.4)refers to.A)tiny globules C)bacteria communitiesB)watery regions D)little compartments15.Commercial application of the research finding will be possibleif salad cream can be made resistant to bacterial a t t a c k.A)by varying its chemical compositionB)by turning it into a solid lumpC）while keeping its structure unchangedD）while retaining its liquid formQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:The biggest safety threat facing airlines today may not be aterrorist with a gun,but the man with the portable computer in businessclass.In the last 15 years,pilots have reported well over 100 incidentsthat could have been caused by electromagnetic interference.The sourceof this interference remains unconfirmed,but increasingly,experts arepointing the blame at portable electronic devices such as portablecomputers,radio and cassette players and mobile telephones.RTCA,an organization which advises the aviation（航空）industry,has recommended that all airlines ban（禁止）such devices from beingused during critical stages of flight,particularly take-off and landing.Some experts have gone further,calling for a total ban during all flights.Currently,rules on using these devices are left up to individual airlines.And although some airlines prohibit passengers from using suchequipment during take-off and landing,most are reluctant to enforce atotal ban,given that many passengers want to work during flights.The difficulty is predicting how electromagnetic fields mightaffect an aircrafts computers.Experts know that portable devices emitradiation which affects those wavelengths which aircraft use fornavigation and communication.But,because they have not been able toreproduce these effects in a laboratory,they have no way of knowingwhether the interference might be dangerous or not.The fact that aircraft may be vulnerable(易 受 损 的)tointerference raises the risk that terrorists may use radio systems in orderto damage navigation equipment.As worrying,though,is the passengerwho cant hear the instructions to turn off his radio because the musicstoo loud.16.The passage is mainly about.A)a new regulation for all airlinesB)the defects of electronic devicesC)a possible cause of aircraft crashesD)effective safety measures for air flight17.What is said about the over 100 aircraft incidents in the past15 years?A)They may have been caused by the damage to the radiosystems.B)They may have taken place during take-off and landing.C)They were proved to have been caused by the passengersportable computers.D)They were suspected to have resulted from electromagneticinterference.18.Few airlines want to impose a total ban on their passengersusing electronic devices b e c a u s e.A)they dont believe there is such a danger as radio interferenceB)the harmful effect of electromagnetic interference is yet to beprovedC)most passengers refuse to take a plane which bans the use ofradio and cassette playersD)they have other effective safety measures to fall back on19.Why is it difficult to predict the possible effects ofelectromagnetic fields on an airplanes computers?A)Because it is extremely dangerous to conduct such researchon an airplane.B)Because it remains a mystery what wavelengths are liable tobe interfered with.C)Because research scientists have not been able to produce thesame effects in labs.D)Because experts lack adequate equipment to do such research.20.It can be inferred from the passage that the a ut hor.A)is in favor of prohibiting passengers use of electronic devicescompletelyB)has overestimated the danger of electromagnetic interferenceC)hasnt formed his own opinion on this problemD）regards it as unreasonable to exercise a total ban during flightQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:The rise of multinational corporations（跨 国 公 司），globalmarketing,new communications technologies,and shrinking culturaldifferences have led to an unparalleled increase in global public relationsor PR.Surprisingly,since modern PR was largely an American invention,the U.S.leadership in public relations is being threatened by PR efforts inother countries.Ten years ago,for example,the worlds top five publicrelations agencies were American-owned.In 1991,only one was.TheBritish in particular are becoming more sophisticated and creative.Arecent survey found that more than half of all British companies includePR as part of their corporate（公司的）planning activities,compared toabout one-third of U.S.companies.It may not be long before Londonreplaces New York as the capital of PR.Why is America lagging behind in the global PR race?First,Americans as a whole tend to be fairly provincial and take more of aninterest in local affairs.Knowledge of world geography,for example,hasnever been strong in this country.Secondly,Americans lag behind theirEuropean and Asian counterparts（相对应的人）in knowing a secondlanguage.Less than 5 percent of Burson-Marshalls U.S.employeesknow two languages.Ogilvy and Mather has about the same percentage.Conversely,some European firms have half or more of their employeesfluent in a second language.Finally,people involved in PR abroad tend tokeep a closer eye on international affairs.In the financial PR area,forinstance,most Americans read the Wall Street Journal.Overseas,theircounterparts read the Journal as well as the Financial Times of Londonand The Economist,publications not often read in this country.Perhaps the PR industry might take a lesson from Ted Turner ofCNN(Cable News Network).Turner recently announced that the wordforeign would no longer be used on CNN news broadcasts.Accordingto Turner,global communications have made the nations of the world sointerdependant that there is no longer any such thing as foreign.21.According to the passage,U.S.leadership in public relations isbeing threatened because of.A)an unparalleled increase in the number of public relationscompaniesB)shrinking cultural differences and new communicationstechnologiesC)the decreasing number of multinational corporations in theU.S.D)increased efforts of other countries in public relations22.London could soon replace New York as the center of PRb e c a u s e.A)British companies are more ambitious than U.S.companiesB)British companies place more importance on PR than U.S.companiesC)British companies are heavily involved in planning activitiesD)four of the worlds top public relations agencies areBritish-owned23.The word provincial(Lin