考研英语写作补充讲义.pdf
考研英语写作补充讲义汪江涛老师编写说明：本讲义跟面授班发的补充讲义一样，页码也一样、1、Introduction：1)General description2)Details 1,2,33)Caption/Symbolic meanings2、Body：1)Topic sentence/Symbolic meanings2)Argument：background,facts,others opinions,reasons,consequence(1)Cause and effect(2)Classification(3)Definition and explanation(4)Statistics and facts：According to the recentsurvey/data/figure/statistics/study by the Chinese Academy of SocialScience,.%(percent).(5)Exemplification:A.Numerous examples can be given,but this/these will suffice.B.I can think of no better illustration than the following one(s).C.This/These case(s)effectively clarify that.(6)Compare and contrast3)Summary3、Conclusion：1)Concluding sentence2)Suggestions 1、23)Only in this way can we solve this problem.(It is high time that we solved thisproblem.)、1、2、First(ly),In the first place,To begin with,First and foremost,Above all,On the one hand,Forone thing,Second(ly),In the second place,Besides,In addition,Whats more,Furthermore,Moreover,On the other hand,For anotherLast(ly),(The)Last but not(the)least,More importantly,Even worse,3、Conversely,Nevertheless,Unfortunately,Whereas,Yet,Instead,In/By comparison/contrast,On the contrary,4、As a result/consequence,Consequently,Accordingly,Thus,Hence,Generally/Brieflyspeaking,1、5m,30m,12h,1、2、4、7、14d12345678910上ABCDEFGAHBICJ晚AABBCACDBDECEFDFGEGHFHIGIJ11121314151617181920上DEFGAHBICJDEF晚HJIJ21222324252627282930上GHIJAB31323334353637383940上CDEFGHIJ2、12345678910上ABCDEFGAHBICJ晚AABBCACDBDECEFDFGEGHFHIGIJ11121314151617181920上DKELFMGNAHOBIPCJQDKRELSFMT晚HJKIKLJLMKMNLNOMOPNPQOQRPRSQST21222324252627282930上GNHOIPJQKRLSMTNAOBP晚RTST31323334353637383940上CQDRESFTGHIJKL41424344454647484950上MNOPQRST四、1、ACCURACY：extensive(a wide range of)knowledge,fierce competition2、VARIETY：1)(1)1 hold the opinion that,As far as I am concerned,(2)cling to the idea,in my opinion/view,point out,(3)maintain,reckon,assert,hold,claim,emphasize,insist,suppose,assume2)(1)Due attention has to be paid to,Importance should be attached to,(2)be of great importance/significance(3)vital,essential,crucial,significant3)people in growing/expanding/increasing/mounting numbers4)for the purpose of,aim to/at,in a bid to3、DIFFICULTY：primary/fundamental factors/courses.4、SPLENDOR：1)My eyes were sparkling with delight.2)He flied into a stormy rage.3)I fell into the abyss of unspeakable pain.4)Such is human nature,that a great many people are willing to sacrifice higher pay forthe privilege of becoming white-collar workers.五、1、1)I succeed.2)I like Ldy.3)LY is smart.4)Wei Xiaobao gave Ake an English dictionary.5)Tulongdao made many people selfish.2、1)The fact that a great many senior citizens are ill-treated indicates/suggests that thisissue is extremely serious.2)What they fail to understand is that respecting the elderly is a traditional virtue ofChinese culture.3、We,students from HZ,one of the best universities in Beijing,which is the most beautifulcity in China,the greatest country in the world,are singing a pop song named NDYZsung by LDy,who is my favorite singer,after we played MJ the whole night.六、1、1)Natural disasters claim hundreds of lives every year.2)I do appreciate your efforts.3)Once in front of me,lay a real chance.Yet,I did not value it.Not until the moment Ilost it,did I realize how regretful I was.If God gave me another opportunity,Iwould never stop making progress.4)I sat outside in the hall.Everything inside me has gone away.I didnt think.I couldnot think.I knew she was leaving me,but I prayed she not.(Ernest Hemingway:The Sun Also Rises)2、A culture can be accepted,respected,appreciated and shared.3 environmental protection/awareness4 with due consideration of,take into account/consideration5、1)(1)只有这样下岗工人才能彻底搜脱贫困并且重新获得他们生命中的尊严。(2)总而言之，只有长期学习才有助于你掌握大的词汇量。(3)考虑到上述所有论证，政府早就该实行改革把传统教育模式转变为素质教育。2)(1)Only in this way can laid-off workers completely shrug off poverty and regain theirdignity in life.(2)In conclusion,it is persistent work that is conducive to your grasping alarge/considerable vocabulary.(3)Given all the above arguments,it is high time that the authorities enforced reformsto convert traditional education strategy into education for all-rounddevelopment/quality-oriented education.6 As John F.Kennedy put it,“Ask not what your country can do for you;ask what you cando for your country.”7、1)Just as an old saying goes,4(AI1 work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.”2)Just as an old saying goes,“God only helps those who help Ihemselves.”(天助自助者/自助者天助之！)七、(一)1 Bikes are so popular in China.2 It is incredible to many people.Cigarette smokers spend money for illness.3、I said I have more respect for him than his wife.4、We couldnt decide upon a new car,there were many attractive models.5、He was knocked down by a bycicle,but it was not serious.6 To succeed in a scientific research project,persistence is needed.7、Formerly,science was taught by the textbook method,while now the laboratory method isemployed.8、It was both a long ceremony and very tedious.9 A man is judged not only by what he says but also by his deeds.10 The competition for college enrollment is extremely keen this year and the andidatesspend days and nights preparing for the entrance examination and they neglect theirhealth and so the newspapers carry articles urging teachers and parents to take up thisproblem seriously.11 In my opinion,I think the picture is very meaningful.12、The distant explosion was audible to the ear.13、There are four companies in Shanghai,and any of them can supply us with spare parts.14 The bottle that are placed on the shelf contain some chemicals that have been newlydiscovered.15、Mr.Li,who is my favorite professor,has received a Distingusihed Teacher Award.1 Bikes are so popular in China that almost every family has at least one.2、It is incredible to many people that cigarette smokers spend money for illness.3、I said I had more respect for him than for his wife.4 We couldnt decide upon a new car,for there were many attractive models.5、He was knocked down by a bycicle,but was not seriously hurt.6、To succeed in a scientific research project,one needs to be persistent.7、Formerly,science was taught by the textbook method;now it is taught by the laboratorymethod.8、The ceremony was both long and tedious.9、A man is judged not only by what he says but also by what he does.10、As the competition for college enrollment is extremely keen this year,the andidatesspend days and nights preparing for the entrance examination,neglecting their health.In view of this,the newspapers carry articles urging teachers and parents to take up thisproblem seriously.11、In my opinion,the picture is very meaningful./I think the picture is very meaningful.12 The distant explosion was audible.13、Any of the four companies in Shanghai can supply us with spare parts.14 The bottles on the shelf contain some new chemicals.15、Mr.Li,my favorite professor,has received a Distingusihed Teacher Award.八、1、1)increase,grow,rise,expand,ascend,accumulate,surge,swelljump,leap,skyrocket,soar climb2)go/push up,post/register/manage a moderate/small gain,gain a momentum,continue its upward trend3)increase,growth,rise,expansion,ascendance,accumulation,pickup,gain,jump,leap climb4)on the rise/increase/ascendance2、1)decrease,decline,fall,reduce,descend,diminish,dwindle,plunge,plummet,drop,dip,slump,slide,shrink,collapse2)go down,drop/fall off,take a dip,continue its downward trend3)decrease,decline,diminishment,slowdown,crawl,slump,shrinkage,clip,drop,fall4)on the decline3、1)dramatically,sharply,considerably,rapidly,suddenly,greatly,alarmingly,significantly,enormously,steeply,incredibly,hugely,amazingly,hugely,substantially2)at an alarming rate,by leaps and bounds,in big leaps,by a massive leap,by a wide margin4、1)gradually,steadily,slightly,gently,marginally,slowly,moderately2)in a moderate way,by the least amount5 remain/stay stable/steady/constant/the same/unchanged6 rise and fall,fluctuate slightly/dramatically,fluctuate bet ween.and.,a minor fluctuation,We can see small rises and falls/fluctuations.九、(一)1、1)Dear Sir or Madam,Dear Sir/Madam,To whom it may concern,2)Dear Mr./Ms.President/Professor/Manager/Editor,Dear President(Michael)Wang,2、1 )Dear Mr./Ms.President/Professor/Manager/Editor,Dear President(Michael)Wang,2)Dear Michael,(二)1、1)2)(1)I am a staff member from your company/corporation.(2)I am a freshmaii/sophomore/junior/senior/undergraduate/graduate from theDepartment of Chinese Language and Literature of Beijing University.3)I am writing the letter in purpose of ordering some books/resigning from mycurrent post/position.2、1)2)3)3、1)2)(1)My appreciation to you for your generous help is beyond words.(2)Words fail me when I want to express my sincere gratitude to you.(3)I take this opportunity to show my heartfelt appreciation for the kindassistance you rendered me.3)(1)I am looking forward to your reply/hearing from you soon.(2)I look forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience.(3)Your prompt attention to my inquiry would be highly appreciated.(三)Yours sincerely,Li Ming十、1、Many people appreciate the conveniences of the city.The city offers a wide choice of jobs foradults and schools for children.It also provides plenty of facilities for culture,entertainment andrecreation-restaurants,department stores,cinemas,and so on.Besides,transportation isusually well developed in the city,with a variety of modes of travel,including buses,trams andsubways.In the country,on the other hand,one can enjoy the advantages of fresh air and food,and a morerelaxed life style.Housing is usually spacious and inexpensive in the country.And,as forrecreation,what could be more relaxing than a stroll down a country lane amid beautiful scenery?Conversely,there are disadvanteges to living in either the city or the country.City air tends tobe polluted,and the streets are always crowded and noisy.In the country,by contrast,the lack ofstimulating activities can make a person feel bored and isolated.All in all,I would say that living in the city is best,for the convenience the city offers in terms ofeducation and work;after all,one can always spend vacations in the country-and get the bestof both.(198)2.Nowadays there is often a lack of understanding between parent and child.As children get older,they become less eager to communicate with their parents,and a so-called generation gap”isformed.There are many causes for this.First of all,parents tend to be conservative and satisfied withwhat they have,while children are always keen to experience something new,and are quick toadopt new fashions and ways of thinking.Parents,because they have a better understanding of thedangers in society,criticize their younsters,behavior and are reluctant to let them have their ownway.At the same time,children regrad their parents as old-fashioned and ignorant of the modernworld.To dispel such misunderstanding,I reckon that parents should realize that their their children donot need constant protection so much as help to stand on their own feet as independent youngpeople.Meanwhile,children should recognize that their parents have a wealth of experience,andappreciate their advice and assistance.(165)3.Today more and more advertisements are appearing on the TV screen.They are not only shownbefore and after all kind of programs-news,weather forecasts,quiz shows,and so on-buteven interrupt dramas and movies,and annoy the viewers.The factors for this phenomenon are that,to begin with,TV is most efficient and rapid way ofdisseminating information.As China develops its highly competitive market economy,manufactures and sales people need to inform the general public of the latest commodities that areavailable.Furthermore,TV stations use the money that they eam from showing theadvertisements to produce more programs.Last but not least,it is necessary to keep consumersinformed of the range of products that they may choose from.Accordingly,advertisements on TV serve three useful purposes.Nevertheless,the TV stationsshould avoid showing advertisements which are of poor quality and make sure that advertisementsdo not appear so frequently that they spoil the viewers enjoyment of his or her favourite programs.(167)4.As a human being,one can hardly do without a friend.In fact,friends are sometimes morevital and useful to us than our own family members.Our joys are more pleasant when we have afriend to share them;and our sorrows are easier to bear if we have a friend at our side.Indeed,wesometimes find it easier to confide in friends when we have secrets we are reluctant to reveal toeven our closest relatives.Unfortunately,not all the people we are accustomed to calling friends are friends in the true senseof the word;most of the people we share social occasions with are merely acquaintances.Realfriendship involves sincerity,mutual trust and self-sacrifice,both in moments of happiness and onoccasions of crisis.A true friend will not just tell us what we want to hear,but advise us to do whathe or she assumes is really best for us in the long run.My principle in making friends is to ignore things like what work they do and what their socialbackgrounds are,but,instead,to observe carefully the little things that reveal their characters.Only in this way can I be sure that these friends will never let me down,and that we will alwaysbe ready to help each other no matter what problems crop up.(226)5.Education plays a very important role in the modernization of our country.Without awell-educated population,China will not be able to achieve its planned economic growth,catch up with the developed nations technologically or improve the living standards of itspeople.Yet,according to recent statistics,there are over two million children in China whohave dropped out of school because their parents are too poor to pay the fees.At the moment,the authority has too many things to do as it build up the economy,andcannot afford the money needed to get those children back to school.And so a nationwide driveis necessary to raise funds to rescue them from illiteracy and ignorance.That drive is called the“Project Hope”.The project is a timely response to the problem,and many children living in thepoverty-stricken parts of China now have a more billiant future because of the generosity of thepeople who have donated money to it.Nevertheless,the“Project Hope is only a temporary measure,and not a permanent solution.What is needed is a properly funded education system so that all children can be guaranteed aneducation which will equip them to play their roles to the full in the modernization of China.(211)6.The desire for good health is universal.With the quickening pace of urban life andever-increasing pressure,people in mounting numbers are suffering either physical or mentalproblems.It is universally acknowledged that good health is the key to a happy life and asuccessful career.There are numerous ways of keeping fit.First and foremost,it is most effective to do physicalexercises.People respectively choose jogging,playing basketba
