2022-2023学年上海市某中学高二上学期第一次月考英语试卷含详解.pdf

2022-2023学年上海市行知中学高二上学期第一次月考英语试卷I.Listening comprehension略IL Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent andgrammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.Scientists have measured levels of“third-hand“cigarette smoke and found it could be adominant and lingering source of harmful chemicals.Researchers reported how they tracked traces of cigarette smoke in a German cinema,wheresmoking was permitted,(mean)the only source of tobacco smoke was from the bodiesand clothes of movie-goers and found that some viewers 2(expose)to the equivalentof secondhand hoke from up to 10 cigarettes.The team led by Dr.Drew Gentner from Yale University sampled the exhaust air duct(导管)ofthe cinema for four days and detected 35 volatile(发挥性的)substances found in tobacco smoke.Concentrations of such substances showed a sharper increase around the time when moviegoers entered the cinema.3(pronounced)increases were seen for earlier show-times.Meanwhile,levels of the substances were lower for family films than for R-rated action movies,4 the latter having small audiences.“In the R-rated films,especially the 5 that are occurring later in the evening,itappears there is a greater tendency of people attending those movies 6(smoke),perhapsmore frequently or more cigarettes,and so they are off gassing more,“said Gentner,noting thatprevious studies had suggested third-hand smoke 7 account for between 5%and 60%ofthe burden from cigarette smoke in non-smokers.Analysis of particular substances revealed that,in the case of the action films,the third-handsmoke was relatively“firesh”,8 its presence in family films was older-possibly down tosubstances lingering from other screenings.The team found a number of signs that substances from third-hand smoke build up over time.“Thats 9 the chemicals dont remain entirely in the air,but are also absorbed on to varioussurfaces and furnishings,10 they re-enter the air,“Gertner said.The team said the study offered a real-life example of exposure,adding that smaller spaceswith poorer ventilation,such as bars,offices,and underground trains,could have much higher levelsof third-hand smoke.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can only beused once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.adjusting；B.casual；C.crawl；D.handle；E.interpret；F.limitingG.lower；H.minimal；I.pooling；J.rough；K.sprayYour body avoids overheating by taking advantage of a bit of physics:When waterevaporates from a surface,it leaves the surface cooler.When your body gets too hot,it pumpswater onto your skin and lets it evaporate,carrying away heat.This effect can actually11 the temperature of your skin to below the air temperature.This allows humans tosurvive in places where the air temperature is as high as human body temperature-as long as wekeep drinking water to produce more sweat.If theres a lot of moisture in the air,then evaporation slows to afn)12 becausewater condenses(凝结)onto your skin almost as fast as the moisture evaporates off it.When youfeel sticky from sweat 13 on your skin,it means your body is struggling to evaporatewater fast enough to keep you cool.I asked Zachary Schlader,a researcher at Indiana University who studies how our bodies14 extreme heat,about the hottest temperature a normal human could tolerate under idealconditions.His 2014 study found that a person who is at rest,wearing 15 clothing,in avery dry room 10 percent relative humidity-and drinking water constantly could probably avoidoverheating in temperatures as high as 115 degrees Fahrenheit(46).The 16 factor for our heat tolerance is sweat-how quickly we can produce it andhow quickly it evaporates.If you kept your skin wet with a steady 17 of water,and sat infront of a powerful fan,you could increase the evaporation rate and keep your skin cool in evenhigher temperatures.Models of human thermoregulation like the one in the 2014 paper dont usually cover suchextreme conditions,but I tried 18 their formulas to approximate what would happenunder extreme evaporation and high wind.The results suggested that,with the help of a pool ofwater and a powerful fan,a human could conceivably tolerate heat of up to 140 degreesFahrenheit(60)in air with 10 percent humidity.That seemed awfully high,so I ran the number by Dr.Schlader.Doingsome 19 calculations.I come up with a similar number,he said,Honestly,I wassurprised.,But,he added,these models are likely not reliable at such extremes.I would20 such findings with caution.III.Reading ComprehensionsSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage,there are four words orphrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase thatbest fits the context.I recently met a Texan couple whose son was still in diapers.They were seeking to get himinto a preschool that 21 a private preparatory school with a great record for collegeadmissions.The couple were ambivalent（uncertain）about doing this.They were from immigrant andworking-class backgrounds,and had thrived in public schools.In theory,they believed that allchildren should have an equal chance to succeed.But I 22 that if they got their son aspot in the preschool,theyd take it.Its a familiar story.Psychologists,sociologists and journalists have spent over a decadecritiquing（评论；评判）the habits of helicopter parents,and their school 23.Theyinsist that hyper-parenting backfires-creating a generation of stressed-out kids who cant24 alone.Parents themselves alternate between feeling guilty,panicked and ridiculous.But a new research shows that in our unequal era,this kind of parenting brings life-changingbenefits.According to the research,when inequality hit a low in the 1970s,there wasnt that muchof a gap between what someone earned with or without a college degree.Strict parenting25 an era of“permissive parenting giving children lots of freedom with littleoversight.In the 1980s however,inequality increased sharply in Western countries,especially theUnited States,and the gap between white-and blue-collar pay widened.Permissive parenting wasreplaced by helicopter parenting.Middle-and upper-class parents whod gone to public schoolsand spent evenings playing kickball in the neighborhood began elbowing their toddlers into fast-track preschools and spending evenings monitoring their homework and driving them to activities.American parents eventually increased their 26 caregiving by about 12 hours aweek,compared with the 1970s.Not all the changes were rational.But 27 the new parenting efforts seemedeffective.When the researchers analyzed the 2012 PISA,an academic test of 15-year-olds aroundthe world,along with reports from the teenagers and their parents about how they interact,theyfound that an intensive parenting style correlated with higher scores on the test.Its not enough just to 28 over your kids,however.If you do it as an“authoritarian”parent defined as someone who 29 directives,expects children to obey andsometimes hits those who dont you wont get the full benefits.The most effective parents according to the authors,are“authoritative.They use reasoningto persuade kids to do things that are good for them.Instead of strict obedience,they emphasize30、problem-solving and independence-skills that will help their offspring in futureworkplaces that we cant even imagine yet.And they seem most successful at helping their kids achieve the holy grails（圣杯）of modernparenting:college and postgraduate degrees,which now have a huge financial payoff.The benefits arent just 31.In a British study,kids raised by authoritative parentsreported better health and higher self-esteem.In the American study,they were less likely to usedrugs,smoke or 32 alcohol.So why wouldnt everyone just become a(n)33 parent?Religious people,regardless of their income,are more likely to be authoritarian parents who expect obedience andbelieve in corporal punishment,the authors found.Working-class and poor parents might not havethe leisure time to hover or the budget to pay for activities and expensive schools.And they may34 feel that they need to prepare their children for jobs in which rule-following mattersmore than debating skills.Those who can afford to helicopter are probably making things evenmore unequal fbr the next generation.Since there9s apparently no 35 to how muchpeople will do fbr their kids,the prognosis fbr parenting doesnt look good.Yet another reason toelect people wholl make America more equal:We grown-ups can finally stop doing homework.21.A.changes intoB.feeds intoC.turns intoD.transforms into22.A.claimedB.doubtedC.suspectedD.questioned23.A.obsessionsB.associationsC.observationsD.investigations24.A.mentionB.actionC.transitionD.function25 A.objected toB.contributed toC.gave rise toD.gaveway to26.A.hands-downB.hands-offC.hands-onD.hands-over27.A.for all the attentionB.for the most partC.within defined areasD.underright supervision28.A.lookB.hoverC.takeD.protect29.A.issuesB.figuresC.employsD.evaluates30.A.reliabilityB.probabilityC.regularityD.adaptability31.A.financialB.physicalC.academicD.mental32.A.abuseB.refuseC.counterD.command33.A.permissiveB.authoritativeC.authoritarianD.helicopter34.A.neutrallyB.formallyC.rightlyD.reluctantly35.A.linkSection BB.proofC.comparisonD.limitDirections:Read the following two passage.Each passage is followed by severalquestions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choicesmarked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the informationgiven in the passage you have just read.(A)Sandra Boynton,a childrens author,has in more recent years branched out into kids music.Her most recent album Hog Wild!,for example,features Samuel L.Jackson as a TyrannosaurusRex.She talked in an interview about how to tap into kids*imaginations and how to make scarythings less threatening for them.In your years of writing and illustrating childrens books,have you noticed anythingthat really sparks a childs imagination?I think maybe theres no basic difference between what fascinates a child and whatfascinates the rest of us.Were all drawn to things that wake us up,things that grab our attentionthrough our hearing or our sight or our sense of touch.Were curious about the world as it is,andwere curious about what could be.Imagination follows curiosity pretty naturally.It doesnt feel to me like its been a long time that Ive been drawing and writing things.Itdoesnt feel like a short time,either.It just feels like what I do.I make things.Tm a permanentKindergartner,I guess.You often take a threatening figure like a lyrannosaurus Rex or a monster and makehim cute.Do you have any suggestions for how to make children less afraid of things?Actually,I think kids kind of like being afraid of things,as long as someone calm is rightthere with reassurance.Hugging helps.What have you learned about childhood from writing kids9 books?Accessing childhood has actually never been that hard.Its adulthood thats still perplexing.I would guess that most childrens book writers are that way.Im really writing books and makingmusic for my own child-self.But Im certainly delighted and grateful that my books work forpeople other than just me.It keeps me from having to find an actual job.A lot of authors are worried that children spend too much time on digital devicesrather than with books,but you seem to have embraced it.Why?When the interactive book app universe was new,I was,as a creator of things,curious.Mybackground is theater,and I thought it could be interesting to try to figure out how to createcontent thafs both theater-like and book-like.I found a superb partner in this,the insanelyingenious Loud Crow Interactive in Vancouver.We worked intensively together for a couple ofyears and made five very cool apps.Fm proud of them.But now,having too often seen veryyoung kids sitting idly,staring at screens,I have my doubts.36.What does Sandra Boynton think about imagination?A.It fascinates both adults and children.B.It can be waken up by attention to senses.C.It can be naturally aroused out of curiosity.D.It lasts for long in a permanent kindergartner.37.When writing childrens books,S a n d r a.A.finds herself confused about remembering childhoodB.agrees with other book writers that writing is hardC.puts herself in a childs place and thinks like a childD.is delighted that she doesnt need to find another job38.Sandra thinks the apps she made with her partner were cool because they wer e.A.new ways to increase interactions between usersB.interactive by combining theatre and bookC.beneficial with the content both theatre-like and book-likeD.created by an insanely ingenious expert and friend39.We can conclude from the interview t hat.A.Sandra is good at making a threatening figure cuteB kids are always calm instead of being afraid of thingsC.digital devices have been embraced by most of the authorsD.there were no interactive book apps before Sandras apps(B)FOUR BOOKS YOU SHOULD READCaroline LeavittCruel Beautiful WorldAt age 16 Lucy is a lonely orphan living with older sisterCharlotte and devoted aunt Iris in Waltham,Massachusetts.On thelast day of school,she runs away with her 30-year-old teacher,William,and settles in a hillside shack in rural Pennsylvania,nearhis new teaching job.Though Lucy feels increasingly isolated,William wont allow her any outlet.Leavitt draws upon a real-lifecrime that involved a girl she knew in high school.She tells herstory from multiple viewpoints,building tension and empathy forLucy and Charlotte as tragedy swallows them.BY GASLIGHTSTEVEN PRICESteven PriceBy GaslightGeFeiThe Invisibility CloakPrice,an award-winning Canadian poet,achieves anextraordinary achievement of Dickensian storytelling in hisweighty second novel.His hero is William Pinkerton,son of thefounder of the legendary detective agency,who finds clues in hislate father safe to the case of William Shade.This mythic thiefhad disturbed and upset his father.William tracks a Shadeaccomplice（共犯）,Charlotte Reckitt,to London,only to findshes been found dead in the Thames.Also on the scene is AdamFoole,who is obsessed with Charlotte,who he met while stealingDe Beers diamonds from a South African mine.Price ably arrangesdozens of interlinking plotlines as he spans three continents andseveral decades,from American Civil War battlefields to ScotlandYard at the end of the 19th Century.Beijing-based GeFei（pen name for Liu Yong）won the 2015Mao Dun Literature Prize for fiction describing the changing spiritof Chinese society over the past century.The Invisibility Cloak,his first English publication,revolves around Cui,a divorced manwho creates customized hi-fi speakers for Beijings newly wealthyand a few intellectuals.Beijings rapid expansion has left Cuilonging for an invisible life away from the city.His chance comeswhen he agrees to build a world-class sound