BEC中级口译必备学习.pdf

美式论文、报告写作技巧编者按：美式教育的特点即是课程内容强调学生参与及创新运用，因此，报告便成了常见的考核学生学习成果的方式，比如实验报告、学期报告、专题报告、研究报告及论文(含毕业论文)等。研 究 生 presentation及 seminar的机会更是占很大的比重，有些甚至占学期成绩很大比例。如何完成报告、论文同时得到良好的成绩，是本文提供给有志留学的有心人参考的目的。美国大学生由於自小已养成自动寻找答案习惯，在启发式的教育环境下，写报告、论文对他们来说比较不陌生，虽然专业知识上美国学生不见得比外籍学生强，但是表达能力由於自小培养，加上英语能力的优势，常比外籍学生在报告、论文方面有较隹的利基。反之中国学生比较缺乏报告写作的训练，因此如果在留学过程中无法适应美式教育会比较辛苦，其实论文、报告的写作要领其实不难，只要把握技巧就可水到渠成。通常论文由篇首(Preliminaries),本文(Texts)以及参考资料(References)三部分构成；而这三大部分各自内容如下：(-)篇首：封面(Title)序言(Preface)谢词(Acknowledge)提要(Summary)目 录(Tables and Appendixes)(二)本文：弓 I 言(Introduction)主体,含篇(Part)、章(Chapter)、节(Section)、以及注释(Footnotes)(三)参考资料：参考书目(References or Bibliography)附录资料(Appendix)。进行论文或报告写作之前，先要确定想要表达的主题，主题确定后，将其具体表达，即为题目。题目可以提供研究者：研究的方向二.研究的范围三.资料搜集的范围四.预期研究成果通常在确定题目之彳爰就开始找资料从事研究，建议在找资料之前最好去问教授有哪些参考资料来源可供参考引用。构思为确定写作大纲或Proposal的先前步骤，大纲是论文、报告的骨干，Proposal是研究的架构、流程及范围的说明书。如何构思大纲或Proposal为论文、报告写作前的必要准备工作。好的论文或研究报告，要基于在完整、详实的资料上，而参考资料除了和教授商借之外，最主要的来源就是图书馆了，一般参考资料来源可分成教科书或手册、政府机构的报告、科技或商业方面的杂志，及会议性质的资料。此外现代的电脑资料库也可帮助收集资料，在国外可利用学校的电脑连线资料库寻找自己需要的资料。当一切准备就绪，即可开始着手写报告，一般报告还分大报告如期末、专题等报告，及小报告如Seminar式的报告。就算是小报告，也至少应含（）TITLE PAGES：包含主题名称、作者、日期（）Summary：即主要的结论（三introduction：包括理论背景及内容（四）Technical Sections：是论文的主体，为最重要的部份应再细分为几个片断。（五）Conclusions：即扼要的结论（六）Appendixes：复杂公式的导引及叁考资料和电脑程式的报表可附加在此项美式报告的撰写通常要打字，两行式，行间若有未拼完的字要以音节来连接。写报告通常需要用到电脑，如有计算数字统计图表的需求，也常会用到程式软体如PASCAL、LOTUS,统计分析软体 如 S A S,也是不可或缺的，电脑绘图在今日已成为工商界及学术界的重要工具，文书处理更是最基本的要求，因此Word for WindowPowerpoint Excel便成了颇受欢迎的工具。此外在英文语法、文法上的润饰与修改，如能请老美帮忙会比较好。论文、报告完成后有时会需要做解说（Presentation）,用英文来讲演对中国人来说算是一大挑战，通常课堂讲演时间为十五分钟到三十分钟，若是论文口试则至少一小时。投影机及麦克风的使用对讲演的效果有很大帮助，正式讲演前多预习几次，时间宜控制适中，上台时忌讳低头拿着报告照念，需留意听众的反应，切中主题，避免太多数字的导引。BEC中级口语主讲：谢娇岳WWW.KOOLEARN.COM欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材第一课时I n t r o d u c t i o ni 、W h y t a k e BEC e x a m s?s t r o n g g r o w t hr i g o r o u s q u a l i t y c o n t r o lw i d e s u i t a b i l i t yw i d e b u s i n e s s c o n t e x tv a l u e f o r s t u d y a n d b u s i n e s s c a r e e ri n t e r n a t i o n a l r e c o g n i t i o n f o r w o r k a n d s t u d yi i W h a t i s I n t e r n a t i o n a l Bu s i n e s s En g l i s h?什么是国际商务英语？国际商务英语，指的是人们从事国际商务活动中所使用的具有行业特征的英语，这些行业包括：国际贸易、国际金融、国际会计、国际运输、国际商法、保险、银行、经济、营销、物流、企业管理、商业服务等。由此看来，商务英语不是一种独立的语言，它仍然是英语，是在国际商务背景下使用的英语。i i i H o w t o l e a r n I n t e r n a t i o n a l Bu s i n e s s En g l i s h?怎样学习国际商务英语？掌握一定的商务英语词汇、短语和句型。(1)词汇方面c o m m e r c i a le.g.T h e T V s h o w w a s i n t e r r u p t e d b y t o o m a n y c o m m e r c i a l s.p r o s p e c te.g.H e c a l l e d o n s o m e p r o s p e c t s b u t f a i l e d t o m a k e a s a l e.m a k ee.g.T h e s e p r o d u c t s a r e o f Ch i n e s e m a k e.T h e f a c t o r y m a n u f a c t u r e d f i v e m a k e s o f t r a c t o r s.(2)短语方面s o f t s e l l i n g h a r d s e l l i n gS o m e s a l e s p e o p l e a d o p t a d i r e c t 4h a r d s e l l a p p r o a c h,w h i l e o t h e r s u s ea m o r e i n d i r e c t s o f t s e l l?a p p r o a c h.h a v e a b a d y e a rT h e c o r p o r a t i o n i s h a v i n g a b a d y e a r a n d i t w i l l p r o b a b l y b e n e c e s s a r yt o d i s m i s s a f e w o f f i c e s t a f f.b r e a k i n t o/p e n e t r a t e t h e m a r k e tT h e r e i s a c h a n c e t h a t w e 11 m a n a g e t o b r e a k i n t o t h e U K m a r k e t(3)句型方面I am writing to you concerning-,You can t miss it.I can,t agree more.It may have slipped your mind,but-You can always reach me at the number*We would very much appreciate it if you could,-I noted with interest youradvertisement for Yes,that s true,but on the other hand That s exactlywhat I think.Maybe,but don t you think*?You are wanted on the phone.Asrequested,we enclose for your attention-(4)旧词“新义”honoure.g,All credit cards honoured here.The bank honoured this cheque.covere.g.I have got myself covered against fire.royaltye.g.Besides copyright,the writer got a 10 percent royalty on sales.Thetechnology transfer fee shall be paid in royalties.(5)同义词、近义词、相似词的辨析。1)chairman,president,CEO,Managing Director,General Manager.2)dealer,merchant,trader,businessman,distributor.3)deputy,vice-,associate,assistant.4)discharge,unload,land5)discount,reduction,rebate,allowance.*熟悉世界贸易组织。*熟悉国际商务英语有关行业的基本术语及其内涵意义。*学习国际商务常识，略知相关专业知识。*密切了解国际商务最新动态。iv、BEC2 ContentBEC2考试主要是考学生的语言能力，包括听、说、读、写四个方面。试卷所设计的语言文字基本山都与商务有关。另外，还考学生的英语语法、结构等内容。BEC2考试分笔试和口试两大部分。笔试包括阅读、写作和听力。v、BEC2 TimePreliminaryVantageAdvancedReading1 hr 30 mins*1 hr1 hrWriting45 mins1 hr 10 minsListening40 mins40 mins40 minsSpeaking(2 candidates)12 mins*14 mins*16 mins*vi、BEC2 Grades*one overall grade*each skill counts for 25%*candidates also receive profile of performance*Preliminary:two pass grades*Vantage and Advance:three pass gradesvii、Introduction to BP Preparation Resource*vocabulary*textbook Pass Cambridge VantageTeamwork,Entertaining a client,Brand power,New premises,Health and safety,Business travel,Marketing disasters,Going global 是 BV 常考的商务专题。下面以 Brandpower举例说明：1.掌握商务词汇短语E.g.to buy/develop/launch/sell/test/own/stretch/damage a brandE.g.brand image/leader/loyalty/name/power/stretching2.掌握相关商务知识E.g.Explain why you brought one of the products.strong sense of brand loyaltyreasonable pricegood after-sales servicereliability of the productgood and consistent qualityuser-friendly designgood value fbr moneyin style3.掌握相关背景知识Tesco,J Sainsbury,Asda Working in English*mock exam papers:9 setsvfii、Register for B Vw w w ix、Business ResearchAnswering business studies questionBusiness Studies is a skills based subject which tests students9 ability to use theirknowledge.There are four basic skills:Level OneLevel TwoLevel ThreeLevel FourDescription/IdentificationExplanationAnalysisEvaluationTo gain the highest grades,candidates must show evidence of the higher skillsKey types of questionsResponses should:Identify/state/describe.make a pointExplain/outline.make a point and develop itDiscuss.debatepresent two sides of theExamine/assess/analyse.fully with some question of itmake a point and developCritically assess/to what extent.evaluateexplain both sides andHow to answer questionsExample question:What determines the price of a product?Example answer:The price of a product is influenced by the costs.1 This is because firms have to charge a price which is greater than costs to make aprofit.2 However in the short run a firm may sell a product at a loss.This may be to gainmarket share or because the product is still at the introduction phase and has highresearch and launch costs.3 Overall it depends on whether we are considering a short or long term pricing policy.Firms may be willing to make a loss in the short run.It will also depend on theobjectives of the firm.Some public sector organisations,e.g.may simply try to covercosts.ExampleQuestion:Should firms train their employees?Answer:By training their employees firms may be able to increase their profitsBECAUSE trained staff are likely to be more productive and make les mistakes.Employees might also be more motivated BECAUSE they might be able to undertakemore interesting work and BECAUSE managers are showing that they value theirstaff(which can satisfy their esteem needs).HOWEVER training costs moneyand is not always successful.It can also lead to a loss of production whilestaff are being trained.OVERALL,management will have to weigh up thepotential benefits against the costs.If,for example,the firm has thenecessary resources,the training is relatively cheap and is likely to leadto significant increases in productivity and profitability the firm likelyto invest in it.If,ON THE OTHER HAND,the firm lacks the necessary financeand staff already have the skills required then training is LESS LIKELY.第二课时第一讲I Introduction to BV Speakingformatconversationpresentationdiscussioncriteriapronunciationvocabulary&grammardiscourse managementinteractive communicationexaminerinterlocutorassessorCambridge examinerII Presentation ExamplePART 2:Mini-presentationA:WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN.?Selecting applicants for a job Working experience Personal qualitiesSample 1I choose topic A-what is important when selecting applicants for a job.As to this topic,as far as I am concerned,there are 3 things to consider.First,I think working experience is very important when selecting applicants.Applicants who have already had the work experience in the relevant fields will learn thenew job easier and quicker.And it will also save the company a lot of training fees if theapplicant has related experience.Second,we must consider the personal qualities of the applicants,such as personalityand health.Companies tend to employ people whose character fits a special job.Forexample,consulting company tends to employ applicant who is analytical andknowledgeable,but advertising agents like their employees to be energetic and creative.Third,I believe language is of great importance when selecting applicants.Nowadays,we do business with people from all over the world.Always we buy goods from Africa,andsell our electronic product to Europe;a foreign language especially English is needed if thecompany wants to expand to the world.Applicants who can speak one or more foreignlanguages will have a better chance to get the job.Sample 2As we all know,the criteria used by HR professionals in screening and selectingapplicants normally include such factors as working experience,personal qualities andcommunicative skills.Firstly,we pay a lot of attention to working experience of the applicant.A person witha solid record of related experience is more likely to fit in with a new company.Thereforehe or she can be trusted to fulfill the tasks and solve the problems in a more professionaland competent way.In addition to this,we also look at the personal qualities of the applicant.Does he orshe has integrity,perseverance or can do spirit?Surely any organization can benefit fromthe reliability,devotion and enthusiam of its employees.Finally,good communicative skills such as interpersonal skills and team spirit are alsobecoming an important precondition in selecting qualified employees.B:WHAT IS IMPORTANT WHEN.?Preparing for a job interview Studying the job advertisement Finding out about the companyBefore you go for an interview,you must make preparations so as to face theinterviewer with more confidence.They include studying the job advertisement,finding outabout the company,preparing yourself psychologically,etc.Firstly,you should study the job advertisement carefully so that you can match yourknowledge,skills and abilities with the specifications required for the post.You must assurethe interviewer that you have all the qualifications required,so you are the right sort ofperson they are looking for.Secondly,you should know more about the company,such as its profile,structure,existing problems,requirements,campaigns and future plans.As a Chinese saying goes:“know the opponent and know yourself,and you can fight a hundred battles withoutdefeat.99Finally,you should also prepare yourself psychologically and this will help youcombat stress.Rehearsing the interview with your friends,for example,is a good relaxationexercise that can install confidence in you.JU Presentation Discourse Management1.Opening SentenceWell,Td like to make a short/brief/mini/one-minute presentation on the topic.2.Body(一般讲23 个要点，根据语速和知识点调整)First,.Second.Third,.3.Closing SentenceAnyway,thafs why I think so.Thank you very much.Thank you for taking your time.Thank you for listening.第三课时第二讲I ConversationPART 1:Exchange personal informationThis part aims to prepare the candidate for phase 1 of the speaking test,which takesthe form of an interview,with each candidate talking in turn to the examiner.This involvesthe candidate answering questions,responding to a comment or participating in anexchange or greeting.Activity 1:Asking each others name(including spelling),hometown,occupation,hobbiesFurther probing:describe your hometown(location,city,town,village)climate,population,etc.Further probing:describe your occupation/or major(if student),likes and dislikesabout your occupation.Further probing:asking each other about marital status/with or without boyfriend/girlfriend.Asking fbr opinion on married/single life,which is better?Further probing:asking each other about hobbies.Possible QuestionsSuggested Answers and Note1)Whats your registration number?O My registration number is-,2)Whats your name?How do you spell your name?How do you spell your family name/surname/last name?令 My last name is*令 My given name is，but my friendsalways call me*,my English name.。You can call if you like/wish.令 nickname3)Where are you from?令 WeatherWould you say ifs a good place to令 Transportationlive in?令 Environment(Why?)。HousingHouses are pricey in this area.Do you like living in？令 Night life(exciting,dynamic)Where would you like rather live*-令 Local peopleO f,?令 Local government(Why?)令 Job opportunitiesDo you think it would be better to live今 Resorts(skiing)inor？(Why?)令 Atmosphere/selling pointsPossible QuestionsSuggested Answers and Note4)Do you come from a large family or asmall family?Can you tell me a bit about,in yourfamily?今 Extended family。Nuclear family5)Do you work or are you a studentin？What do you do?What do you study?Whats your major?What do you like most about yourjob?(Why?)What do you like most about yourstudies?(Why?)/Major v.I majored in-*,and minored in-令 Ever since I was a child,I wasinterested in 令 Job Satisfaction令 Interesting&challengingTraveling opportunityTraining(career development)Financial benefitsFree TimeDo you have much free time?令 Particular reason。Cultivate a hobby。Its never too late to take a hobby.-ChurchillHow do you spend your free time?令 Outdoor activities:Sports:tennis/golf/baseball/attendWhat do you do in your free time?the gym/fitness center/Work out=exerciseWhats your hobby?令 Recharge the battery:Why do you like？Attend a training courseRead various books,for example,Is there any particular reason why you Chat onlineenjoy,?Watch TV(passive viewer)TV=one-eyedWhen did you first take up/start-monster(Why did you start then?)ads(advertisement advert)/Commercial/Teleplay/Educational programs/Amusement programs。Music:classical/light/pop/jazz/bluesfolk令 Fine artsAbstract painting/oil painting/I am fbnd of traveling.Traveling is agood way of learning and a good wayof communicating with other people./No,I dont have much free time,because so many wonderful coursesare fixed./I prefer doing exercises,(most oftime)rd like to attend the gym or goto the fitness centers.If time isenough,Ill read various books.第四课时第三讲I Tongue Twister1.Good cookies could be cooked by good cook if a good cook could cook good cookies.2.If you understand,say understand.If you dont understand,say dont understand.If you understand say you dont understand.How can I understand you understand.Understand?3.Peter Pipe picked a peck of pickled peppers prepared by his parents and put them on alarge paper plate.II ConversationPossible Topics&QuestionsSuggested Answers and NoteTransportHow did you come here today?How did you travel to the test?Did you come here by bus?If