12年职称英语考试卫生类a级考试真题.docx

2012年职称英语考试卫生类a级考试真题第一部分：词汇选项（第115题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1、All the flats in the building had the same (layout) arrangement.A:colorB:arrangementC:sizeD:functionB   layout是“布局、安排”的意思，如：layout of the exhibition hall,layout of the shop ping complex等。本句的意思是：大楼里所有的公寓布局都一样。Arrangement可以指时间、日程的安排，也可以指空间的分割和安排，、function是“功能”。2、The weather was (crisp) and clear and you could see the mountains fifty miles away.A:freshB:hotC:heavyD:windyA   crisp通常用于修饰食品，表示“脆的、新鲜而脆牛的”，如：crisp crackers,crisp lettuce等。但它也可以用来描述天气，表示¨清新、凉爽的”，在本句中它表示就是这个意思，所以可以用fresh代替。本题得分:03、The walls are made of (hollow) concrete blocks.A:bigB:longC:newD:emptyD  hollow是“空心的”意思，如：a hollowtree，a hollow pipe。这里可以用empty来替换。4、Our aim was to (update) the health service, and we succeeded.A:modernizeB:offerC:provideD:fundA   update的意思就是现在常说的“升级、更新”，和modernize现代化意义相近。5、Her comments about men are (utterly) ridiculous completely.A:slightlyB:partlyC:completelyD:faintlyC    utterly是“完全”的意思，和completely同义。6、Every week the magazine presents the (profile) of a well-known sports personality.A:successB:descriptionC:evidenceD:planB profile这个词原指一个人的面部（尤其是侧面）的轮廓、外形，这里它的词义扩大为指对一个人所作的概括描述c，7、He has been granted (asylum) in France.A:powerB:reliefC:protectionD:licenseC   asylum是“政治避难”，如：seek asylum，政治避难也是一种保护，所以应选protection，relief宽慰、救济，license执照、许可证8、When I heard the noise in the next room, I couldnt resist having a (peep)look.A:lookB:chanceC:visitD:tryA   peep是“偷看、一瞥”，其词义包含在look之中，是look的一个下义词。9.She moves from one (exotic) location to another.A. familiarB. similarC. properD.unusualD   exotic这个词原来的意思是“外国的、有异域风情的”，在此基础上它的词义又扩展为不同一般的、新奇的，所以在这里可以用unusual来替换它。本题得分:010、We almost (ran into) a Rolls-Royce that pulled out in front of us without signaling.A:overtookB:hitC:passedD:foundB   run into的字面意义就是“跑到里面去”，如：The kids all ran into the park此外它常常作为一个固定的短语来用，可以具有“不期而遇、撞一上二、遭遇”等多种意义，如： I ran into an old friend in the street yesterday.He ignored his parents' advice and  soon ran into big trouble它在本句中的意思就是“撞上”，相当于hit。11、He was (weary) of the constant battle between them.A:fondB:proudC:tiredD:afraidC  wear的意思就是“疲倦、厌倦、厌烦”，和tired词义相近，不同的是tired更常用于表示体力上的疲倦，weary则更常用于表示感情、精神上的厌倦。12、Nothing would (induce) me to vote for him again.A:attractB:teachC:helpD:discourageA  induce  导致、致使、劝说成功，在四个选项中和attract意义相近，句子的意思是： 没有什么会促使我再次投他的票。13、He shifted his position a little in order to (alleviate) the pain in his leg.A:controlB:easeC:experienceD:sufferB  alleviate减轻、降低、缓和，最常见的搭配就是alleviate pain，减轻痛苦，所以这里可用ease来替换。其他常见的搭配有：alleviate suffering/crisis/tension/traffic congestionunemployment/inflation等等，表示不同的意义。14、The photographs (evoked) strong memories of our holiday in France.A:refreshedB:storedC:blockedD:erasedA   evoke memories勾起回忆，evoke这个词具有“引起、唤起”等意义，最常见的搭配 就是evoke memories，相当于refresh memlories"此外它也可以用于表示引起某种感情、 反响，如：The White Paper concerning human rights conditions in the country evoked strong reactions from the general public.15、Newborn babies can (discriminate) between a mans and a womans voice.A:treatB:expressC:analyzesD:distinguishD    discriminate区分、区别、分得出，和distinguish同义。第二部分：阅读判断（第1622题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。The Mind-Body ConnectionsNorman Cousins was a famous American magazine editor. In 1964, he returned from an overseas trip and then became very ill. In the hospital, he had terrible pain and couldnt move his body. Doctors told him he had a serious disease called ankylosing spondylitis（强直性脊柱炎）and said he had only 1 chance in 500 of surviving. They gave him powerful drugs, but his condition only got worse.Cousins had read about a theory that negative emotions can harm your health. He believed that positive emotions were good for ones health, and he decided to try an experiment. He would fill his days with good feelings and laughter and see if that might improve his condition.He left the hospital and moved into a hotel room. There, he got a large supply of funny TV programs and copies of old Marx Brothers movies and cartoons. He also hired a nurse to read funny stories to him. His plan was to spend the whole day laughing and thinking about happy things. On his first night in the hotel, Cousins found that laughing at the movies helped his body produce chemicals that reduced pain. For the first time in weeks, he could sleep comfortably for a few hours. Every time the pain came back, he watched another funny movie and laughed until he felt better.Over time, Cousins was able to measure changes in his body with blood tests. He found that the harmful chemicals in his body decreased at least 5 percent every time he watched a funny movie. After a short time, he was able to stop taking all of his medications. Finally his condition improved so much that he could go back to work.Cousins later wrote a book about how laughter and happiness helped him to survive a deadly illness. Many people didnt believe his story and said that his doctors were wrong about his disease. But since then, research has found that emotions do have a strong effect on physical health, and experiments found that laughter can help to reduce pain. Scientists today are working to understand the ways that our minds affect our bodies.16. Norman Gousins became ill while he was traveling in another country.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned【答案】：B17. Doctors told Cousins that he would probably die from his disease.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned【答案】：A18. Drugs helped to stop the pain of Cousinss disease.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned【答案】：B19. Cousins started watching movies because he was bored.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned【答案】：B20. Cousins spent a lot of time laughing every day.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned【答案】：A21. Movies were better than funny stories for stopping pain.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned【答案】：C22. When Cousins wrote his book, everyone agreed with him.A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned【答案】：B第三部分：概括大意和完成句子（第2330题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题；（2）第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。Multiple Sclerosis（多发性硬化症）1 Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a disease in which the patients immune（免疫的）system attacks the central nervous system. This can lead to numerous physical and mental symptoms, as the disease affects the transmission of electrical signals between the body and the brain. However, the human body, being a flexible, adaptable system, can compensate for some level of damage, so a person with MS can look and feel fine even though the disease is present.2 MS patients can have one of two main varieties of the disease: the relapsing form （复发型）and the primary progressive form. In the relapsing form, the disease progresses in a series of jumps; at times it is in remission（减轻）.which means that a persons normal functions return for a period of time before the system goes into relapse and the disease again becomes more active. This is the most common form of MS; 80-90% of people have this form of the disease when they are first diagnosed. The relapse-remission cycle can continue for many years. Eventually, however, Ioss of physical and cognitive functions starts to take place and the remissions become less frequent.3 In the primary progressive form of MS, there are no remissions and a continual but steady loss of physical and cognitive functions takes place. This condition affects about 10-15% of sufferers at diagnosis.4 The expected course of the disease, or prognosis（预后）,depends on many variables: the subtype of the disease, the patients individual characteristics and the initial symptoms. Life expectancy of patients, however, is often nearly the same as that of an unaffected person - provided that a reasonable standard of care is received. In some cases a near-normal life span is possible.5 The cause of the disease is unclear; it seems that some people have a genetic Susceptibility（易感性）,which is triggered by some unknown environmental factor. Onset（发作）of the disease usually occurs in young adults between the ages of 20 and 40.It is more common in women than men; however, it has also been diagnosed in young children and in elderly people.23. Paragraph 1_E_24. Paragraph 2 _B_25. Paragraph 3_D_26. Paragraph 4_F_A. The cause of MSB. The relapsing form of MSC. The treatment for MSD. The primary progressive form of MSE. The definition of MSF. The development of MS27. MS affects the communication of nerve cells between the body and _E_28. An MS patient can feel fine for years without being affected much by _A_29. 10-15% of MS patients are diagnosed as having _C_30. Young adults might have a higher chance of developing the disease than _B_A. relatives of MS patientsB. the elderly peopleC. the diseaseD. the progressive formE. the brainF. life expectancy第四部分：阅读理解（第3145题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇Gross National HappinessIn the last century, new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries. However， one country resisted these changes. High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia， the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate. Its people and Buddhist（佛教）culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years. Bhutan, however, was a poor country. People died at a young age. Most of its people could not read, and they did not know much about the outside world. Then, in 1972, a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern, but without losing its traditions.King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas. He saw that most countries measured their progress by their Gross Natonal Product（GNP）. The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increases people say the country is making progress. King Wangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan. He wanted to measure his countrys progress by peoples happiness. If the peoples happiness increased， the king could say that Bhutan was making progress. To decide if people were happier， he created a measure called Gross National Happiness（GNH）.GNH is based on certain principles that create happiness. People are happier if they have health care, education, and jobs. They are happier when they live in a healthy, protected environment. They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs. Finally, people are happier when they have a good, stable government.Now these is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan. People are healthier and are living longer. More people are educated and employed. Teenty-five percent of the land has become national parks, and the country has almost no pollution. The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs. Bhutan has also become a democracy. In 2008, King Wangchuck gave his power to his son. Although the country still had a king, it held its first democratic elections that year. Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the first time. Finally, Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet.Bhutan is a symbol for social progress. Many countries are now interested in Bhutans GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. They want to create new policies that take care of their people, cultures, and land.Brazil may be the nest country to use the principles of GNH. Brazilian leaders see the principles of GNH as a source of inspiration. Brazil is a large country with a diverse population. If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil, perhaps the rest of the world will follow.31. Who was Jigme Singye Wangchuck?A. A president.B. A buddist preist.C. A general.D. A king.【答案】：D32. Apart from moderizing Bhutan, what else did Wangchuck want to do for Bhutan?A. To make its populaton grow.B. To keep it separate from the world.C. To encourage its people to get rich.D. To keep its tradition and customs.【答案】：D33. A country shows its progress with GNP byA. selling more products.B. spending more money.C. spending less money.D. providing more jobs.【答案】：A34. According to GNH, people are happier if theyA. have new tecnology.B. can change their religion.C. have a good, stable government.D. have more money.【答案】：C35. Today, many countries areA. using the principles of GNH to measure their progress.B. woking together to develop a common scale to measure GNH.C. taking both Bhutan and Brazil as symbols for social progress.D. trying to find their own ways to measure happiness.【答案】：D第二篇的政府。35  A  答案在笫五段里下面这两句句子中可以看到：Many countries are now interested in  Bhutan's GNH.  These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness.第二篇Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like OthersLow-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others, according to a study by a Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences food scientist. The research indicates that genetic factors influence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat.Those conclusions are important because recent, well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others, pointed out John Hayes, assistant professor of food science, who was lead investigator on the study.Diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke. That is why public health experts and food companies are working together on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through foods that are enjoyable to eat. This study increases understanding of salt preference and consumption.The research involved 87 carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and chips, on multiple occasions, spread out over weeks. Test subjects were 45 men and 42 women, reportedly healthy, ranging in age from 20 to 40 years. The sample was composed of individuals who were not actively modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes. They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly used scientific scale, ranging from barely detectable to strongest sensation of any kind."Most of us like the taste of salt. However, some individuals eat more salt, both because they like the taste of saltiness more, and also because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food.” said Hayes. "Supertasters, people who experience tastes more intensely, consume more salt than do nontasters. Snack foods have saltiness as their primary flavor, and at least for these foods, more is better, so the supertasters seem to like them more.”However, supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter tast