2023年广东省专升本英语知识点考点大纲复习资料.pdf
2022年广东省普通专升本考试配套考试大纲复习资料(依据广东省教育考试院普通专升本英语考试要求编写)英语【公共英语】基本要求附表三 语法结构表 高职高专教育英语课程教学基本要求(试行)附表三一一语法 结 构 表(教育部高等教育司编,高等教育出版社,2 0 0 0年,以下简称 基本要求)一、本表列出了英语课程教学中学生需掌握的语法知识。二、本表所规定的是学生应该掌握的语法知识和技能范围,并不要求在教学中对所列全部项目进行专题讲授。语法教学的重点是培养学生实际使用语法的能力。S ym b ol s&A b b re vi a ti on s N om e n c I a tureN N ounP ronN umA rtP re pA d iA dD e tVV-i n g lV-l n g 2V-e d IV-e d 2T o VsooodP ron ounN um e ra IA rt i c I eP re pos i t i onA d i e c t i veA d ve rbD e te rm i n e rV e rbG e run dP re se n tP a st f orm of ve rbP a st P a rt i c i pI eI n f i n i ti veS ub j e c tO b i e c tI n d i re c t ob i e c tD i re c t ob j e c tC s S ub j e c tc om p I e m e n tC o O b j e c t c om pl e m e n tW h-word s wh o,wh e n,wh e re,h ow,wh y,wh i c h,wh e th e rC on j C on j un c t i onE xc E xc I a m a t i on1.N oun (名词):1.1 C I a sse s of N:c oun ta b I e vs.un c oun ta b I e (名词的种类:可数名词与不可数名词)1.2 N um b e r of N (名词的数)1.3 I rre g u I a r p I ura I s(不规则复数)1.4 G e n i t i ve c a se of N (名词的所有格)1.5 D oub I e g e n i t i ve (双重所有格)e.g.a portra i t of M r.B rown s(c f.a portra i t of M r.B rown)2.P ron oun (代词)2.1 P e rson a I pron oun (人称代词)2.2 D e m on stra t i ve pron oun (指示代词)2.3 P osse ss i ve pron oun (物主代词)2.4 R e f I e x i ve pron oun (反身代词)2.5 I n te rrog a t i ve pron oun (疑问代词)2.6 I n d e f i n i te pron oun (不定代词)2.7 R e c i proc a I pron oun (相互代词)2.8 R e i a t i ve pron oun (关系代词)3.N um e ra I(数词)3.1 C a rd i n a I a n d ord i n a I n um b e rs(基数词和序数词)3.2 P e rc e n ta g e (百分数)3.3 F ra c t i on (分数)3.4 D e c i m a I(小数)3.5 M ul ti pl e (倍数)3.6 Y e a r,M on th,D a te,T i m e (年份 月份、日期、时刻)4.D e te rm i n e r(限定词)4.1 D e f i n i te a n d i n d e f i n i te a rti c I e s(定冠词和不定冠词)4.2 a n y,a l l,b oth,e a c h,e ve ry,e i th e r,n e i th e r,n o,th i s,e tc.4.3 Q ua n t i f i e rs(数量词)e.g.m a n y,a p i e c e of,e tc.5.P re pos i t i on (介词)5.1 S i m pl e P re pos i t i on (简单介词)5.2 C om poun d P re pos i t i on (复合介词)6.A d j e c t i ve (形容词)6.1 S yn ta c t i c f un c t i on of A d j (形容词的句法功能)6.2 A d j +P re p6.3 A d j+to V6.4 A d j +th a t-c I a use6.5 T oo+A d j +to V6.6 A d j+e n oug h+to V6.7 so+A d j +a s+to V7.A d ve rb (副词)7.1 S yn ta c t i c f un c t i on of A d v(副词的句法功能)7.2 A d ve rb s wi th or wi th out-l y(带-1 y 和不带T y 的副词)e.g.h i g h,h i g h l y;m ost,m ost I y,e tc.7.3 P os i t i on of a d ve rb s(副词的位置)8.T h e c om pa ra t i ve a n d supe r I a t i ve d e g re e s of A d j/A d v(形容词和副词的比较级和最高级)9.V e rb c I a sse s(动词)9.1 T ra n s i t i ve a n d i n tra n s i t i ve ve rb s(及物动词和不及物动词)9.2 A ux i I i a r i e s a n d m od a I a ux i I i a r i e s(助动词和情态动词)9.3 P h ra sa I V e rb s(短语动词)e.g.d e pe n d on ,turn out,c a tc h up w i th,e tc.1 0.T e n se (时态)1 0.1 S i m pl e pre se n t,pa st,f uture (一般现在时 一般过去时、一般将来时)1 0.2 pre se n t a n d pa st prog re ss i ve (现在进行时和过去进行时)1 0.3 F uture P rog re ss i ve (将来进行时)1 0.4 P re se n t a n d pa st pe rf e c t(现在完成时和过去完成时)1 0.5 F uture pe rf e c t(将来完成时)1 0.6 P re se n t pe rf e c t prog re ss i ve (现在完成进行时)1 0.7 P a st pe rf e c t prog re ss i ve (过去完成进行时)1 1.P a ss i ve vo i c e (被动语态)1 1.1 P a ss i ve vo i c e i n si m pl e te n se s(被动语态的一般式)1 1.2 P a ss i ve vo i c e i n pe rf e c t a n d prog re ss i ve te n se s(被动语态的完成式和进行式)1 1.3 P a ss i ve vo i c e of ph ra sa I ve rb s(短语动词的被动语态)1 1.4 P a ss i ve vo i c e of m od a I ve rb s(含情态动词的被动语态)1 2.S ub j un c t i ve m ood (虚拟语气)1 2.1 i n c on d i t i on a I se n te n c e s(用于条件句中)1 2.1.1 i f+V-e d 1.wouI d+V1 2.1.2 i f +h a d+V-e d 2.wouI d +h a ve+V-e d 21 2.1.3 i f+sh ouI d/we re to+V,.wouI d+V1 2.1.4 om i ss i on of i f (i f 的省略)1 2.2 i n th e f ol l owi n g th a t-c l a use a f te r(用于下列动词的 th a t宾语从句中):w i sh,d e m a n d,sug g e st,e tc.1 1 +b e+sug g e ste d /d e s i ra b I e,e tc.sug g e st i on,re c om m e n d a t i on,e tc.1 2.3 I n th e f ol l owi n g c I a use s a n d c on struc ti on (用于下歹U从句和结构中)a s i f+.c I a use,a s th oug h+c I a use I t i s ti m e th a t wouI d ra th e r1 3.T o V (I n f i n i t i ve 动词不定式)1 3.1 a s sub j e c t,ob j e c t,a ttri b ute a n d c om pl e m e n t(用作主语宾语 定语和补足语)1 3.2 I nd i c at i ng pu r pos e/r e s u lt (表示目的/结果)1 3.3 I t +(be)+A d j(+f or+s b.)+t o V1 3.4 wh-wor d s+t o V(ph r as e)(疑问词加不定式 短语)1 3.5 t o be+V-e d 2,t o h av e+V-e d 2,t o be+V-i ng 2(不定式的被动式 完成式和进行式)1 4.V-i ng 1 (G e r u nd 动名词)1 4.1 as obje c t,s u bje c t and pr e d i c at i v e (用作宾 语 主语和表语)1 4.2 P r e p+V-i ng 11 4.3 I t+be+.+V-i ng 11 4.4 N/P r on or t h e i r P os s e s s i v e+V-ing 1 as s u bje c t and obje c t(名词/代词或其所有格加动名词作主语和宾语)1 4.5 P r e p+N/P r on or t h e i r pos s e s s i v e+V-i ng 1 ;(介词加名词/代词或其所有格加动名词)1 4.6 B e ing+V-e d 2,h av i ng+V-e d 2(动名词的被动式和完成式)1 5.V-i ng 2 and V-e d 2(pr e s e nt and pas t par t i c i p I e 现在分词和过去分词)1 5.1 as pr e mod i f i e r and pos t mod i f i e r i n a nou n P h r as e (作名词的前位和后位修饰语)1 5.2 as c omp I e me nt (作补足语)1 5.3 as an ad v e r b c I au s e e q u i v a I e nt (作状语)1 5.4 wh e n/W h ile,e t c.+V-i ng 2/V e d 2(wh e n/wh i I e 等+现在分词或过去分词)1 5.5 (wit h)N+V-i ng 2/V-e d 2(wit h +名词+现在分词或过去分词)1 5.6 be i ng+V-e d 2,h av i ng+V-e d 2,h av i ng be e n+V e d 2 as anad v e r b or ad je c t i v e c I au s e e q u i v a I e nt (现在分词的被动式 完成式和完成被动式作状语或定语从句)1 6.B as ic s e nt e nc e P at t e r ns and s e nt e nc e e I e me nt s (基本句型和句子成分)P at t e r n 1:S+VP at t e r n 2:S +V+Cs pat t e r n 3:S+V+0 P at t e r n 4:S+V+0 i+0 dP at t e r n 5 :S+V+O d +Co1 7.Tr ans f or mat i on of bas i c s e nt e nc e pat t e r ns (基本句型转换)1 7.1 I nt e r r og at i v e f or m(疑问形式)1 7.2 Ne g at i v e f or m(否定形式)1 7.3 I mpe r at i v e f or m(命令形式)1 7.4 P as s i v e f or m(被动形式)1 8.Th e r e be (Th e r e be 结构)1 8.1 Th e r e+(be)+N+A d v1 8.2 Th e r e wi I I-/mod al V +be/e x i s t (s)/s e e m(s)t o be appe ar(s)t o be+N+A d v1 8.3 Th e r e (be)+N+A d j/V-ing 2/V-e d 2/t o V /r e lat iv e c lau s e1 9.A g r e e me nt (一致关系)1 9.1 B e t we e n s u bje c t and pr e d i c at e V (主语和谓语动词的一致关系)1 9.2 B e t we e n pr onou n and i t s ant e c e d e nt (代词与其先行词的一致关系)20.Nou n c I au s e (名词从句)20.1 t h at and omi s s i on of t h at (t h at 和 t h at 的省略)20.2 wh e t h e r,i f20.3 wh ic h (e v e r),wh o(e v e r),wh om,wh os e20.4 wh e n,wh e r e,wh y,h ow,h ow mu c h/many/I ong/of t e n20.5 wh at,wh at e v e r21.A t t r i bu t i v e c I au s e (定语从句)21.1 R e s t r i c t i v e and non-r e s t r i c t i v e (限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句)21.2 t h at,wh ic h,wh o,wh om,wh e n,wh e r e,wh y21.3 W h os e21.4 O mi s s ion of t h at/wh ic h (t h at/W h ic h 的省略)21.5 (N+P r on+)P r e p+wh i c h/wh om/wh os e21.6 t h e s ame/s u c h.as21.7 wh ic h /as (wit h s e nt e nt i a I ant e c e d e nt)(wh i c h /as 指代句子)22.A ppos it ion(同位关系)22.1 Nou n i n appos i t i on(名词作同位语)22.2 A ppos i t i v e c I au s e (同位语从句)22.3 Nou n ph r as e as appos i t i v e t o c I au s e (名词短语作句子的同位语)e.g.t h at i s (t o s ay),f or e x amp I e,e t c.23.CI au s e s of t ime and s pac e (时间从句和地点从句)23.1 wh e n(e v e r),wh i I e,as,af t e r,be f or e,s ine e23.2 wh e r e (e v e r)23.3 u nt il,t ill23.4 onc e,t h e mome nt,as s oon as,e ac h t ime,i mme d i at e I y(t h at),no s oone r.t h an24.Clau s e s of c ond it ion,c onc e s s i on and c ont r as t (条件从句让步从句和对比从句)24.1 if,u nle s s24.2 pr ov i d e d/pr ov i d i ng (t h at),as/s o I ong as,I n c as e,onc ond i t i on t h at,s u ppos i ng24.3 t h ou g h,a I t h ou g h,wh e t h e r,e v e n t h ou g h,e v e n I f24.4 no mat t e r+wh-wor d s24.5 wh-wor d s +-e v e r24.6 wh e r e as,wh ile24.7 A d j/A d v+as /t h ou g h25.CI au s e s of c au s e,r e s u 1 1 and pu r pos e (原因从句、结果从句和目的从句)25.1 be c au s e,as,f or,f or,f or t h is r e as on,e t c.25.2 h e nc e,t h e r e f or e,t h e n,as a r e s u 1 1 of,e t c.25.3 f or,f or t h is pu r pos e,wit h t h is in mind,I e s t,in or d e rt h an,e t c.26.CI au s e s of manne r and c ompar i s on(方式从句和比较从句)26.1 as,as.as,not s o(as),mor e t h an,I e s s t h an,no/notmor e t h an26.2 as,ju s t as26.3 as i f,as t h ou g h27.c I au s e of pr opor t i on and ot h e r t ype s (表示比较关系的从句和其它从句)27.1 t h e.t h e.27.2 as.S o.27.3 e x c e pt t h at28.Coor d i nat i on(并列)Coor d i nat or s :and,bot h.and,not only.bu t (a I s o),aswe I I as,e i t h e r.or,ne i t h e r.nor,wh e t h e r.or,not.bu t,f or,e t c.29.CI au s e s wit h int r od u c t or y h:(用引导词 it 的从句)29.1 A nt ic ipat or y it as s u bje c t or obje c t29.2 it in e mph at ic s e nt e nc e e.g.I t is/was.t h at/wh o30.P r o-f or m(替代形式)30.1 P r o-f or ms f or nou n ph r as e s (名词短语的替代形式)30.1.1 3r d pe r s on pr onou ns,and pI u r aI s of t h e 1 s t and 2ndpe r s on P r onou ns (第三人称代词 第一和第二人称代词的复数)30.1.2 i nd e f i n i t e pr onou ns (不定代词)(+of+N/P r on)30.1.3 one,one s,t h at,t h os e30.1.4 Th e s ame,t h e f or me r,t h e I at t e r30.2 P r o-f or ms f or ad v e r b i a I s (状语的替代形式)h e r e,t h e n,t h u s30.3 P r o-f or ms f or P r e d i c at e (谓语的替代形式)30.3.1 d o,d o s o30.3.2 s o d o,s o will30.4 S e nt e nc e/C I au s e r e f e r e nc e (句子或从句的替代形式)30.4.1 t h i s,t h e f ol lowing30.4.2 s o,note.g.A:Do you t h ink h e wi I I c ome?B:Y e s,I t h ink s o.(or)No,I t h ink not.31.D i s c ont i nu ou s mod i f i c at i on(害(裂)31.1 S e par at i on of r e I at i v e c I au s e f r om i t s ant e c e d e nt (定语从句与所修饰的名词割裂)31.2 S e par at i on of V-I ng 2/V-e d 2/P r e p-ph r as e f r om i t s h e adnou n(现在分词/过去分词/介词短语与所修饰的名词割裂)31.3 S e par at i on of appos it i v e (c I au s e)f r om it s ant e c e d e nt(同位语 从句 与所同位的词的割裂)31.4 S e par at i on of P r e p-ph r as e f r om ad je c t i v e (介词短语与形容词割裂)e.g.d i f f e r e nt t e c h niq u e s f r om ne it h e r,nor,s o,e t c.32.S u bje c t v e r b inv e r s ion(主语与谓语倒装)32.1 S e nt e nc e s be g i nn i ng wit h ne i t h e r,nor,s o,e t c.32.2 S e nt e nc e s be g i nn i ng wit h ne g at i v e ad v e r b e x pr e s s i onse.g.h ar d I y,ne v e r,r ar e I y,e t c.32.3 S e nt e nc e s be g inning wit h ad v e r bs of pos it ion andd i r e c t i one.g.h e r e,t h e r e,d own,away,e t c.32.4 S e nt e nc e s be g inning wit h a f r ont e d pr e d ic at iv ee.g.Mor e i mpor t ant i s t h e pr inc iple of.32.5 S e nt e nc e s be g i nn i ng wit h on I y+A d v,not only.(bu t)als o.33.P ar e nt h e s i s (插入语)e.g.ac t u a I I y,g e ne r a I I y s pe ak i ng,t o be e x ac t,as a r e s u 1 1,as you s e e,e t c.34.O mi s s ion(省略)34.1 O mis s ion t h r ou g h c oor d inat ion(并列结构中的省略)e.g.I t s c o I d i n De c e mbe r i n E ng land,bu t (I t s c o I d)i n J u I yi n Ne w Z e a I and.34.2 O mis s ion i n t h e f ol lowing c I au s e s (下列从句中的省略)W h e t h e r.or not;wh at e v e r;as;t h an;t h e.t h e 3 5.Ne g at i on.否定)35.1 Tot a I ne g at i on(全部否定)35.2 P ar t i a|ne g at i on(部份否定)35.3 Dou b I e .ne g at i on(双重否定)36.E mph as i s (强调)36.1 B y s ing le wor d s or P h r as e s (用单个词或词组)e.g.on I y,e v e n,J u s t,e v e r,a I one,mu s t,s t ill,t oo,v e r y,a g ood (g r e at)d e aI,(by)f ar,a I ot,e t c.36.2 B y r e f I e x i v e pr onou ns,au x i I i ar y v e r b d o or e mph at i c it(用反身代词、助动词d o或强调结构中的it)36.3 B y i nv e r s i on or r e pe t i t i on(用倒装或重复)e.g.H ar d I yd id 互 t h ink it pos s ibI e.37.W or d f or mat i on(构词法)37.1 A f f i x at i on(词缀法)37.2 Conv e r s i on(K 化法)37.3 Compou nd i ng (合同法)38.Th e u s e of it (it 的用法)39.A bbr e v i at i on(缩约法)e.g.TV,ad,s mog,e t c.40.P u nc t u al i on(标点)普通专插本 公共英语重 点 笔 记(20 22版)第一章 名词名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词,专有名词是某个(些)人、地方、机构等专有的名称,如B e ijing,Ch ina等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,s ad ne s s等。普通名词又可分为下面四类:1)个体名词:表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:g u n.2)集体名词:表示若干个个体组成的集合彳本,如:f ami ly.3)物质名词:表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air.4)抽象名词:表示动作 状态 品质 感情等抽象概念,如:wo rk.个体名词和集合名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词,物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称为不可数名词。归纳一下,名词的分类可以下图表示:_专有名词个体名词可数名词名词普通名词集体名词物质名词不可数名词抽象名词1.1名词复数的规则变化情况构成方法读音例词一般情况加-S清辅音后读/S/;浊辅音和元音后m ap-m aps;bag-bag s;以 s,s h,c h,x等结尾的词加-es读/i z/bus-bus es;wat c h-wat c hes以c e,s e,ze,加-s读/i z/I i c en s e-1 i c en ses以辅音字母+y变y为i结尾的词再加es读/z/baby-bab i es1.2其它名词复数的规则变化1)以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时,直接加 s 变复数,如:t wo Mary s;t he Hen ry s;m o n k ey-m o n k ey s;ho I i d ay-ho I i d ay s比较:s t o rey-s t o rey s;s t o ry-s t o r i es2)以0 结尾的名词,变复数时:A.力 口 S,如:pho t o-pho t o s;p i an o-p i an o s;rad i o-rad i o s;zo o-zo o s;B.力 口 es,如:pho t o-pho t o es;t o m at o-t o m at o es;C.均可,如:zero-zero s/zero es;3)以f 或 fe结尾的名词变复数时:A.力 口 S,如:be I i ef-be I i ef s;ro o f-ro o fs;s afe-s afes;g uI f-g uI fs;B.去 f,fe 力 口 ves,如:ha I f-ha I ves;k n i fe-k n i ves;I eaf-l eaves;wo I f-wo I ves;wi fe-wi ves;I i fe-1 i ves;t h i ef-t h i eves;C.均可,如:han d k erc h i ef-han d k erc h i efs/han d k erc h i eves1.3名词复数的不规则变化1)c hi I d-c hi I d ren;fo o t-feet;t o o t h-t eet h;m o us e-m i c e;m o n-m en;wo m an-wo m en 注意:与m an 和wo m an 构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-m en 和-wo m en.如:an E n g l i s hm an,t wo E n g l i s hm en.但 Germ an 不足合成词,故复数形式为Germ an s;B o wm an 是姓,其复数开式也是t he B o wm an s.2)单复同形,如:d eer,s heep,f i s h,C h i n es e,J apan es e,I i,j i n,y uan,t wo I i,t hree m u,fo ur j i n,但除人民币元、角 分 美元英镑 法郎等都有复数形式。如:a d o l l ar,t wo d o l l ars;a m et er,t wo m et ers;3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。如:peo pl e,po l i c e,c at t l e等本身就是复数,不能说a peo pl e,apo l i c e,a c at t l e,但可以说 a pers o n,a po I i c em an,a head o fc at t I e0t he E n g l i s h,t he B r i t i s h,t he F ren c h,t he C h i n es e,t he J apan es e,t he Swi s s 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。The C h i n es e are i n d us t r i es an d brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。4)以S 结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:A.m at hs,po l i t i c s,phy s i c s 等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。B.n ews 是不可数名词。C.t he Un i t ed St at es,t he Un i t ed N at i o n s 应视为单数。The Un i t ed N at i o n s was o rg an i zed i n 1 945.联合国是 1 945 年组建起来的。D.以复数形式出现的书名、剧名 报纸 杂志名,也可视为单数。The A rabi an N i g ht s i s a very i n t eres t i n g s t o ry-bo o k.一千零一夜是一本非常有趣的故事书。5)表示由两部分构成的东西,如:g l as s es (眼镜),t ro us ers,c l o t hes,若表达具体数目,要借助数量词pai r(对,双);s ui t (套)等,如:a pai r o f g l as s es;t wo pai rs o f t ro us ers6)另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:g o o d s货物,wat ers 水 域,fi s hes (各种)鱼1.4不可数名词量的表示1)物质名词A.当物质名词转化为个体名词时比较:Cake is a kind of food.蛋糕是一种食物(不可数)These cakes are sweet.这些蛋糕很好吃。(可数)B.当物质名词表示该物质的种类时,名词可数。比较:Th is factoryproduces steel.(不可数)We need var ious steels.(可数)C.当物质名词表示份数时,可数。比较:Our country i s famous for tea.我国因茶叶而闻名。(不可数)Two teas,p I ease.请来两杯茶。(可数)2)抽象名词有时也可数。four freedoms 四大自由;the four modern i zat i ons 四个现代化物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量,如:a glass ofwater 一杯水;a p i ece of adv i ce 一条建议;1.5定语名词的复数:名词作定语一般用单数,但也有以下例外:1)用复数作定语,如:sports meet i n g运动会;studentsreading-room学生阅览室;talks table谈判桌;等2)man,woman,gent I eman等作定语时,其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。如:men workers;women teachers;gent I emenoff i c i a Is3)有些原有s 结尾的名词,作定语时,s 保留,如:g ood s tr ai n (货车);ar m s pr od uc e (武器生产);c us tom s pape r (海关文件);c I oth e sbr us h (衣刷)4)数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式。如:two-d oz e ne g g s;a te n-m i I e walk;two-h un d r e d tr e e s;个别的有用复数作定语的,如:a s e ve n-ye ar s c h i ld1.6 不同国家的人的单复数名称总 称(谓语用复数)一个人两个人中国人Th e C h i n e s eA C h i n e s eTwo C h i n e s e瑞士人Th e S wi s sA S wi s sTwo S wi s s澳大利亚Th e A us tr aI i an sA nTwo俄国人Th e R us s i an sA R us s i anTwo R us s i an s意大利人Th e I taI i an sA I tai i anTwo I taI i an s希腊人Th e G r e e kA G r e e kTwo G r e e ks法国人Th e F r e n c hA F