高中语法配套练习.pdf

高中语法基础练习(答案：P63)一.句子成分与句子结构【句子成分】主语(Subject)：主语是句子的主体部分，是说明的对象，是动作的执行者或发出者，一般位于句首。可充当主语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、短语、从句等；(划出下面句子主语)1.The students are learning grammar.2.He likes playing tennis.3.Five is an odd number.4.To learn English well is important;It is not easy to remember all rules.5.Learning grammar well is difficult.6.What we cant get seems better than what we have.谓语(Predicate)：谓语用来描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态，由动词或动词短语构成，一般放在主语之后；谓语动词有人称、数和时态及语态的变化。(划出下面句子谓语)1.To see is to believe.2.He said he would come here to help us.3.Is your bedroom often kept clean every day?4.A new chemical works will be built among the hills far away form our town.5.The operation had been carried out on Tom before his parents got to the hospital.6.Seeing from the hill,you will find the city more beautiful.宾语(Object)：用来表明动作的对象或结果，是动作的承受者;宾语常用于及物动词之后，称为动词宾语,介词后面的名词或代词称为介词宾语。宾语一般位于谓语之后。名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句等都可以充当宾语成分1（划出下面句子宾语）1.I*ve bought an English-Chinese dictionary.2.They didnt promise him anything.We should learn from him.3.1 enjoyed working with you.4.My father likes to swim in winter.5.Did you write down what she said?6.He found it difficult to get up early.注意】英语有单宾语、双宾语、复合宾语等表语（Predicative）：表语与前面的系动词一起构成复合谓语，用来说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。一般位于系动词（如 be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。充作表语的可以是单词（名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词）、短语或从句。（划出下面句子表语）1.The wedding was that Sunday.2.Thats something we have always to keep in mind.3.The girl looks beautiful in pink.4.My job is teaching them grammar.5.All I can do is to send her a telegram.6.He looks as if he were going to cry.7.The suggestion is that we should recite more words.定语（Attribute）：定语是用来描述名词或代词的修饰语，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“的”表示。可分为前置定语和后置定语。一般由形容词性物主代词、数词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词（短语）或句子充当。（划出下面句子定语）前置定语：1.1 want an English-Chinese dictionary.2.There are two policeman in the street.3.He gave me a vivid description of the battle.4.The swimming pool is wonderful.后置定语：5.The buildings around are of modern construction.6.The students in the classroom are good.7.1 have a lot of homework to do.8.The boy who went to the library is our monitor.29.There are some boys playing outside.10.We must solve the problems left by history.状语（Adverbial）：状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的一种成分。它可以表示时间、地点、方式、比较、程度、原因、目的、结果、条件和让步等。英语中常见状语：（划出下面句子状语）1）时间状语:He is to fly to London tomorrow.2）地点状语:The meeting was held in Harbin.3）方式状语：The workers there are paid by the week,not by the month.4）比较状语：He worked as fast as a skilled worker.5）程度状语：He loves his son very much.6）原因状语：Because of the warm and sunny weather,oranges grow very well here.7）目的状语：We do it in this way so as to save time.8）结果状语：He returned home to find his father dead.9）条件状语：Without plants,animals could not live in the world.10）让步状语：In spite of all his efforts,he failed.11）伴随状语Seeing the notice,he ran away;Seen from the hill,the village is beautiful.补语（Complement）：补语是用来说明宾语或主语的性质、状态等的一种句子成分。补语分为主语补足语和宾语补足语（划出下面句子补语）1.We call him Zhang Sir.2.The letter made him sad.3.We consider her as our friend.4.Ill made him come in.5.1 saw her crossing the street.同位语（Appositive）：对句子中某一成分作进一步解释、说明（who or what）,与前面的词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫做同位语。同位语常常置于被说明的词之后。（划出下面句子同位语）1.Zhang Sir,our grammar teacher is humorous.32.He himself did it.3.The year,1988,is important.4.My task,looking after these children,is important.5.My job,to teach them grammar is hard.6.The suggestion that we should recite more words is useful.【句子结构】英语句子分为简单句、并列句和复合句。例】判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句。1.He often reads English in the morning.2.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.3.He wants to go there but I dont go there.4.This house belongs to Mr.Smith;it costs millions of dollars.5.The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.6.What he said is right.7.This is the book that I want.总结】句子结构的判断：简单句的判断：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子；并列句的判断：由并列连词（and,or,but等）或分号（;）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成;复合句的判断：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子（名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句等）；练】判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句。1.We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2.The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3.There is a chair in this room,isnt there?4.My brother and I go to school at 7:30am and come back home at 7pm.5.He is in Class 1 and I am in Class 2.6.He was fond of drawing when he was a child.7.Neither has he changed his mind,nor will he do so.8.What he said at the meeting is very important,isnt it?9.The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.10.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.【五种基本句型】S+V 此句式中的谓语动词为不及物动词（短语）。1.The sun rises from the east.42.Things have changed.s+v+o此句式中的谓语动词为及物动词（短语）。1.1 look forward to hearing from you soon.2.You can put the dishes in the kitchen.S+V+IO+DP间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。1.Could you pass me the salt?=Could you pass the salt to me?2.Uncle Wang made the farmers many machines.=Uncle Wang made many machines for the farmers.s+V+0+0C宾语补足语的作用是说明宾语的动作或状态，“宾语+宾语补足语”也可称之为复合宾语,二者之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。1.We all think him an honest boy.2.1 saw Little Tom being punished by his parents.3.She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading room.s+v+c：这种句型结构主要指谓语动词为连系动词的情况，“连系动词+表语”二者缺一不可。1.This is my English book.2.The weather continued windy and rainy.练】指出下列简单句是属于哪种基本句型。1.The World War II broke out in 1939.2.The teacher corrected her poor pronunciation more than once.3.His wish is to become a scientist.4.Uncle Li bought a birthday present for me.5.We want to have the desk repaired.6.The woman caught her husband stealing her money.7.Could you please tell me whether there is a post office near here?8.That is why she failed to pass the exam.9.Story telling has much strength in improving oral English.10.When I first met her,my heart beat heavily.I.划分下列句子的成分并判断句子结构。1.During the 1990s,American country music has become more and more popular.2.The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.3.She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading room.4.With the medicine box under her arm,Miss Li burned off.5.It has been six years since I began to study English.6.The computer center,opened last year,is very popular among students in this school.7.We all know it our duty to clean our classroom after school every day.8.John told me why he didnt go fishing yesterday afternoon.9.Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at seven oclock tomorrow.510.1 think we should do whatever we can to help the children whose parents work outside for money.A.一个简单陈述句可以由6 部分组成，但是并不是每个句子都有这么多组成部分。注意下表中句子的语序。第 6 栏（表示时间）可以放在句首或句尾。6时间状语1（定 语）主语2谓语动词3（定语）宾语4方式状语5地点状语6时间状语When?Who?Which?What?ActionWho?Which?What?How?Where?When?Last weekIWentto the theatre.Ihada very good seat.The playwasveryinteresting-Idid notenjoyIt.B.下列陈述句的词的语序不对。参照例句在表中重新排列各句的语序。例句：I last year to America went.正确语序：I(who)went(action)to America(where)last year(when).或者：Last year I went to America.1.The film I enjoyed yesterday.2.The news listened lo I carefully.3.Well the man the piano played.4.Games played yeslerday in iheir eoom the children quietly.5.Quietly the door he opened.6.Immediately left he.7.A tree in ihe comer of the garden he planted.8.Before lunch ihc letter in his office quickly he read.9.This morning a book I from ihe library borrowed.10.The soup spoilt the cook.11.We at home stay on Sundays.12.There a lot of people are at the bus-stop.13.The little boy an apple this morning ate greedily in the kitchen.14.She beautifully draws.615.Music I like very much.16.A new school built they in our village last year.17.The match at four oclock ended.18.She a letter from her brother last week received.翻译训练主+谓+（状）1 你应当努力学习。2 她昨天回家很晚。3 那天早上我们谈了很多。4 会议将持续两个小时。5 在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。6 这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。7 1919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。8 每天八时开始上课。9 这个盒子重五公斤。1 0 五年前我住在北京。主+谓+宾+（状）1 昨晚我写了一封信。2 今天下午我想同你谈谈。3 这本书他读过多次了。4 他们成功地完成了计划。5 你们必须在两周内看完这些书。6 那位先生能流利地说三种语言。7 我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。8 Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。9 我们大家都相信Jack是一个诚实男孩。1 0 他不知道说什麽好。主+系+表1我的兄弟都是大学生。2 冬季白天短，夜晚长。3 布朗夫人看起来很健康。4 十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。5 孩子们，请保持安静。6 这本书是有关美国历史的书。7 她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。8 他失业了。9 树叶已经变黄了。10这个报告听起来很有意思。7主+谓+间宾+直宾+（状）1 Johnson先生去年教我们德语。2.奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3.Mary把钱包交给校长了。4.请把那本字典递给我好吗？5.他把车票给列车员看。6.这个学期我已经给父母写过三封信了。7.我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。8.Robinson Crusoe给自己做了一只小船。9.请你给我弄一本新的，好吗？10.我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？主+谓+宾+宾补1 我们叫她Alice.2 他的父母给他取名为John.3 我们大家都认为他是诚实的。4 他们把门推开了。5 他们把小偷释放了。6 我们要使学校变得更美丽。7 他请我们参加做游戏。8 我要你把真相告诉我。9 卫兵命令我们立即离开。10明天我要找人来修理机器。动词的分类练习”动词的分类1实义动词意义完整，能独立作谓语，可分为及物动词与不及物动词。1）及物动词要求跟宾语，可用被动结构。I（参观北京）last summer.Please（讨论这个问题）after class.（3）Our school（成立于）five years ago.Can you（借我一本词典吗）?We （叫她）Lily.She（喜欢集邮）.2）不及物动词自身意思完整不需要宾语。Everything（生长）very quickly.A big fire （发生）last night in that city.Birds often（飞行）in the sky.Dont（担心我）.答案：1 .visited Beijing 2.discuss the problem 3.was founded 4.borrow me a dictionary 5.call her 6.likescollecting 7.grows 8.broke out 8.fly 9.worry about83）短语动词相当于实义动词。Soon Wu Dong up with Li Lei,they were neck and neck.A.taught B.caught C.bought D.brought Jack always runs faster than Peter,but this time he him.A.went over B.fell behind C.put off D.dropped off（3）-Look!The bus is coming.But there are too many people,we cant it.A.get off B.get down C.get on D.get up Im Helen.Have you seen her?A.looking up B.looking after C.looking at D.looking for The radio is too noisy.Would you like to?A.turn it on B.turn it over C.turn it up D.turn it down We should every minute to improve ourselves.A.make up B.make use of C.make of D.make up of答案：B B C D D B4）易混淆的及物动词与不及物动词。I was about to go out when somebody（敲门）.He（身亡）in the traffic accident.（3）Mary（与 结婚）John next week.The students pretended to be reading when the teacher（enter）theclassroom.The train（arrive）the station late.Lei Feng al ways（为.月 艮 务）the people heart and soul.Great changes（take place）in my hometown in these years.Go ahead,please!There is no need to（等我）答案：1.knocked the door.2.died 3.is going to marry to 4.entered 5.arrived 6.serves 7.have takenplace 8.wait for me.2连系动词用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的性质、状态或身分等。表 身 份、状态或主语的性质。-What is your father?He（是位医生）-W h a t is he like?-He（看起来很强壮）-How is your grandmother?She（感觉好多 了）It that he is a m illionaire.（他看上去是个百万富翁）答案：is a doctor.Looks very strong.Feels much better.Seems 表状态变化。用表示变化意义的系动词填空完成句子。a.The weather warm in spring.b.Trees green in spring.c.My brother has a manager.d.His mother ill last week.e.Meat easily bad if it isnt put in the fridge for several days.f.Your dream will true if you try your best.Gets turn become was goes come9表结果意乂。a.English(证明是有用 的).b.The weather(结果很晴朗)proves to be usefulturns out sunny3助动词本身无词汇意义或意义不完全，不能单独用作谓语，须在句中与实义动词一起构成各种时态、语态以及否定和疑问结构。(4)He (write)to his parents now.I (cook)a meal at noon yesterday.Engl i s h(s pe a k)in the whole world.We(study)English fbr almost ten years.The plane(take off)when he got to the airport.(9)Wh a t the boa t s(look)like?They(not prepare)fbr their exam.Lis writhing 2.was cooking 3.is spoken 4.have studied 5.had taken off7.do look 8,don9t prepare4情态动词本身具有意义，与动词原形连用，表示句子主语或说话者对动作或状态的各种情感或态度。The little girl sat there and(不敢)say anything.We(一 定)have seen him before,haven*t we?(3)(能够)you lend me your bike?They(可能不)stay in the classroom.Everyone (应该)respect their parents and teachers.You(不必)hand in your exercise books today.Dare not must can cant should neednt动词的词形变化原形第三人称单数过去式过去分词现在分词takecaughtseekmakelaygowritespokenfliesrefersdrewdestroyio常考的几种时态基础题1.一般现在时练习题一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式:study1.washmatchguessfinishgosnowcarry2.stop_ see_ drive_l_ e_ t_ keep_joinfindthinkteachcatch3.staybeginforgetlierunprefer_ give_ ring_dance二、用所给词的正确形式填空1.We o f t e n(p l a y)on the playgound.2.He(ge t)up at six oclock.3.y o u(b r u s h)your teeth every morning.4.W h a t(d o)he u s u a lly(d o)after school?5.D a n n y(s t u d y)English,Chinese,maths,science and art at school.6.Mike s o m e t i m e s(g o)to the park with his sister.7.At eight at night,s h e(w a t c h)TV with his parents.8.M i k e(r e a d)English every day?9.How many lessons your classm ate(have)on Monday?10.What time his mo t h e r(d o)the housework?11.He o f t e n(h a v e)dinner at home.12.Daniel and T o m m y(b e)in Class One.13.We(not watch)TV on Monday.14.Ni ck(not go)to the zoo on Sunday.15.Do t h e y(l i k e)the World Cup?16.What_ they o f te n(d o)on Saturdays17.Your p a r e n t s(r e a d)newspapers every day?18.The g i r l(t e a c h)us English on Sundays.19.She and I(t a k e)a walk together every evening.20.T h e r e(b e)some water in the bottle.21.M i k e(l i k e)cooking.22.T h e y(h a v e)the same hobby.23.My a u n t(l o o k)after her baby carefully.24.You a lw a y s(d o)your homework well.25.I(b e)ill.Tm staying in bed.26.S h e(g o)to school from Monday to Friday.27.J i mmy(d o)not like PE.28.The child o f t e n(w a t c h)TV in the evening.29.T h e y(h a v e)eight lessons this term.30.What d a y(b e)it today?Ifs Saturday.31.What your m o t h e r(d o)every evening?S h e(w a s h)clothes.32.i t(r a i n)e v e r y day?33.Wh a t(d o)you on Sundays?We(p l a y)football.34.T h e r e(b e)a football match on TV every morning.35.The e a r t h(mo v e)round the sun.112.一般过去时练习用括号内所给词的适当形式填空l.We(e n j o y)ourselves at the party last night.2.J a c k(s t u d y)for the English test last Sunday.3.y o u(g o)to the Great Wall last year?4.What d a y(b e)it yesterday?5.The old m a n(b e)i l l and went to see a doctor.6.We(h a v e)a party last night.7.We(v i s i t)the museum and went home.8.一 Ho w(b e)the students?一 They were very friendly.9.He o f t e n(h a v e)supper at home.Today h e(h a v e)supper at school.10.h e(h a v e)lunch at nine?No,he didn,t.11.T h e y(b u y)a guitar yesterday.3.一般将来时练习一、单项选择()1.There a meeting tomorrow afternoon.A.will be going to B.will going to be C.is going to be D.will go to be()2.Charlie here next month.A.isnt working B.doesnt working C.isnt going to working D.wont work()3.He very busy this week,he free next week.A.will be;is B.is;is C.will be;will be D.is;will be()4.There a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.A.was B.is going to have C.will have D.is going to be()5.-you free tomorrow?-No.I free the day aftertomorrow.A.Are;going to;will B.Are;going to be;willC.Are;going to;will be D.Are;going to be;will be()6.Mother me a nice present on my next birthday.A.will gives B.will give C.gives D.give()7.-Shall I buy a cup of tea for you?-.(不，不要。)A.No,you wont.B.No,you arent.C.No,please dont.D.No,please.()8.-Where is the morning paper?-1 it for you at once.A.get B.am getting C.to get D.will get()9.a concert next Saturday?A.There will be B.Will there be C.There can be D.There are()10.If they come,we a meeting.A.have B.will have C.had D.would have()11.He her a beautiful hat on her next birthday.A.gives B.gave C.will giving D.is going to give()12.He to us as soon as he gets there.A.writes B.has written C.will write D.wrote()1 3.He in three days.A.coming back B.came back C.will come back D.is going to coming back()14.If it tomorrow,well go roller-skating.A.isnt rain B.wont rain C.doesnt rain D.doesnt fine()15.-Will his parents go to see the Terra Cotta Warriors tomorrow?-No,(不 去).A.they willnt.B.they wont.C.they arent.D.they dont.()16.Who we swimming with tomorrow afternoon?A.will;go B.do;go C.will;going D.shall;go)17.We t