会计硕士专业学位联考英语(二)真题2011年_真题无答案.pdf

会计硕士专业学位联考英语(二)真题 2011 年(总分 100,做题时间 90 分钟)Section Use EnglishSection Use EnglishDirections:Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numberedblank and mark A B C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.The Internet affords anonymity to its users,a blessing to privacyand freedom of speech.But that very anonymity is also behind theexplosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a worldthat seems increasingly 3?Last month,Howard Schmidt,the nations cyber-czar,offered thefederal government a 4 to make the Web a safer placea voluntarytrusted identity system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physicalkey,a fingerprint and a photo ID card,all rolled 6 one.The systemmight use a smart identity card,or a digital credential 7 to a*puter,and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems.User could 9 which system to join,and only registered users whoseidentities have been authenticated could navigate those systems.Theapproach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driverslicense 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are*panies that already have these singlesign-on systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once butuse many different services.12,the approach would create a walled garden in cyberspace,withsafe neighborhoods and bright streetlights to establish a senseof a 13 community.Mr.Schmidt described it as a voluntary ecosystem in whichindividuals and organizations*plete online transactions with 14,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of theinfrastructure 15 which the transaction runs.Still,the administrations plan has 16 privacy rights activists.Some applaud the approach;others are concerned.It seems clear thatsuch a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be acompulsory Internet drivers license mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by*puter security experts,who worry that the voluntary ecosystem envisioned by Mr.Schmidtwould still leave much of the Internet 19 They argue that allInternet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves,inthe same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.AsweptBskippedCwalkedDriddenSSS_SINGLE_SEL2.AforBwithinCwhileDthoughSSS_SINGLE_SEL3.AcarelessBlawlessCpointlessDhelplessSSS_SINGLE_SEL4.AreasonBreminderCcompromiseDproposalSSS_SINGLE_SEL5.AinformationBinterferenceCentertainmentDequivalentSSS_SINGLE_SEL6.AbyBintoCfromDoverSSS_SINGLE_SEL7.AlinkedBdirectedCchainedDcomparedSSS_SINGLE_SEL8.AdismissBdiscoverCcreateDimproveSSS_SINGLE_SEL9.ArecallBsuggestCselectDrealizeSSS_SINGLE_SEL10.AreleasedBissuedCdistributedDdeliveredSSS_SINGLE_SEL11.Acarry onBlinger onCset inDlog inSSS_SINGLE_SEL12.AIn vainBIn effectCIn returnDIn contrastSSS_SINGLE_SEL13.AtrustedBmodernizedCthrivingDcompetingSSS_SINGLE_SEL14.AcautionBdelightCconfidenceDpatienceSSS_SINGLE_SEL15.AonBafterCbeyondDacrossSSS_SINGLE_SEL16.AdividedBdisappointedCprotectedDunitedSSS_SINGLE_SEL17.AfrequentlyBincidentallyCoccasionallyDeventuallySSS_SINGLE_SEL18.AskepticismBrelevanceCindifferenceDenthusiasmSSS_SINGLE_SEL19.AmanageableBdefendableCvulnerableDinvisibleSSS_SINGLE_SEL20.AinvitedBappointedCallowedDforcedSection Reading ComprehensionSection Reading ComprehensionPart APart ADirections:Directions:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each textby choosing A B C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Text 1Text 1Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachss board as an outside director inJanuary 2000;a year later she became president of Brown University.For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles withoutattracting much criticism.But by the end of 2009 Ms.Simmons wasunder fire for having sat on Goldmans*mittee;how could she havelet those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked?By February thenext year Ms.Simmons had left the board.The position was justtaking up too much time,she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful,yet less biased,advisers on a firms board.Having made their wealth and theirreputations elsewhere,they presumably have enough independence todisagree with the chief executives proposals.If the sky,and theshare price is falling,outside directors should be able to giveadvice based on having weathered their own crises.The researchers from Ohio University used a database that coveredmore than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directorsbetween 1989 and 2004.Then they simply checked which directorsstayed from one proxy statement to the next.The most likely reasonfor departing a board was age,so the researchers concentrated onthose surprise disappearances by directors under the age of 70.They found that after a surprise departure,the probability that*pany will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly20G.The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuitalso increases,and the stock is likely to perform worse.The effecttended to be larger for larger firms.Although a correlation betweentheir leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm issuggestive,it does not mean that such directors are always jumpingoff a sinking ship.Often they trade up,leaving riskier,smallerfirms for larger and more stable firms.But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easiertime of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firmbefore bad news breaks,even if a review of history shows they wereon the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred.Firms who want tokeep their outside directors through tough times may have to createincentives.Otherwise outside directors will follow the example ofMs.Simmons,once again very popular on campus.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.According to Paragraph 1,Ms.Simmons was criticized for _.Againing excessive profitsBfailing to fulfill her dutyCrefusing to*promisesDleaving the board in tough timesSSS_SINGLE_SEL2.We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be_.Agenerous investorsBunbiased executivesCshare price forecastersDindependent advisersSSS_SINGLE_SEL3.According to the researchers from Ohio University after an outsidedirectors surprise departure,the firm is likely to _.Abecome more stableBreport increased earningsCdo less well in the stock marketDperform worse in lawsuitsSSS_SINGLE_SEL4.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors_.Amay stay for the attractive offers from the firmBhave often had records of wrongdoings in the firmCare accustomed to stress-free work in the firmDwill decline incentives from the firmSSS_SINGLE_SEL5.The authors attitude toward the role of outside directors is _.ApermissiveBpositiveCscornfulDcriticalText 2Whatever happened to the death of newspaper?A year ago the endseemed near.The recession threatened to remove the advertising andreaders that had not already fled to the internet.Newspapers likethe San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom.Americas Federal Trade Commission launched a round of talks abouthow to save newspapers.Should they become charitable corporations?Should the state subsidize them?It will hold another meeting soon.But the discussions now seem out of date.In much of the world there is the sign of crisis.German andBrazilian papers have shrugged off the recession.Even Americannewspapers,which inhabit the most troubled corner of the globalindustry,have not only survived but often returned to profit.Notthe 20%profit margins that were routine a few years ago,but profitall the same.It has not been much fun.Many papers stayed afloat by pushingjournalists overboard.The American Society of News Editors reckonsthat 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007.Readers are paying more for slimmer products.Some papers even hadthe nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs.Yet these desperatemeasures have proved the right ones and,sadly for many journalists,they can be pushed further.Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses,with a healthiermix of revenues from readers and advertisers.American papers havelong been highly unusual in their reliance on ads.Fully 87%of theirrevenues came from advertising in 2008,according to the Organizationfor Economic Cooperation&Development(OECD).In Japan theproportion is 35%.Not surprisingly,Japanese newspapers are muchmore stable.The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody,but muchof the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspaper areleast distinctive.Car and film reviewers have gone.So have scienceand general business reporters.Foreign bureaus have been savagelycut off.Newspapers are*plete as a result.*pleteness is no longera virtue in the newspaper business.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.By saying Newspapers like.their own doom(Line 3,Para.1),theauthor indicates that Newspaper _.Aneglected the sign of crisisBfailed to get state subsidiesCwere not charitable corporationsDwere in a desperate situationSSS_SINGLE_SEL2.Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because_.Areaders threatened to pay lessBnewspapers wanted to reduce costsCjournalists reported little about these areasD*plained about slimmer productsSSS_SINGLE_SEL3.Compared with their American counterparts,Japanese newspapers aremuch more stable because they _.Ahave more sources of revenueBhave more balanced newsroomsCare less dependent on advertisingDare less affected by readershipSSS_SINGLE_SEL4.What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the currentnewspaper business?ADistinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapersBCompleteness is to blame for the failure of newspaperCForeign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaper businessDReaders have lost their interest in car and film reviewsSSS_SINGLE_SEL5.The most appropriate title for this text would be _.AAmerican Newspapers:Struggling for SurvivalBAmerican Newspapers:Gone with the WindCAmerican Newspapers:A Thriving BusinessDAmerican Newspapers:A Hopeless StoryText 3We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War asa time of prosperity and growth,with soldiers returning home by themillions,going off to college on the G.I.Bill and lining up at themarriage bureaus.But when it came to their houses,it was a time of common sense and abelief that less could truly be more.During the Depression and thewar,Americans had learned to live with less,and that restraint,incombination with the postwar confidence in the future,made small,efficient housing positively stylish.Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficientliving.The phrase less is more was actually first popularized by aGerman,the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe,who like other peopleassociated with the Bauhaus,a school of design,emigrated to theUnited States before World War and took up posts at Americanarchitecture schools.These designers came to exert enormousinfluence on the course of American architecture,but none more sothan Mies.Miess signature phrase means that less decoration,properlyorganized,has more impact that a lot.Elegance,he believed,did notderive from abundance.Like other modern architects,he employedmetal,glass and laminated woodmaterials that we take for grantedtoday but that in the 1940s symbolized the future.Miesssophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces hedesigned were small and efficient,rather than big and often empty.The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicagos LakeShore Drive,for example,were smallertwo-bedroom units under 1,000square feetthan those in their older neighbors along the citysGold Coast.But they were popular because of their airy glass walls,the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings detailsand proportions,the architectural equivalent of the abstract art sopopular at the time.The trend toward less was not entirely foreign.In the 1930s FrankLloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient housesusually around 1,200 square feetthan the spreading two-story oneshe had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century.The Case Study Houses commissioned from talented modern architectsby California Arts&Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 wereyet another homegrown influence on the less is more trend.Aesthetic effect came from the landscape,new materials andforthright detailing.In his Case Study House,Ralph Rapson may havemispredicted just how the mechanical revolution would impact everydaylifefew American families acquired helicopters,though mosteventually got clothes dryersbut his belief that self-sufficiencywas both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.The postwar American housing style largely reflected the Americans_.Aprosperity and growthBefficiency and practicalityCrestraint and confidenceDpride and faithfulnessSSS_SINGLE_SEL2.Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 aboutBauhaus?AIt was founded by Ludwig Mies van der RoheBIts designing concept was affected by World War CMost American architects used to be associated with itDIt had a great influence upon American architectureSSS_SINGLE_SEL3.Mies held that elegance of architectural design _.Awas related to large spaceBwas identified with emptinessCwas not reliant on abundant decorationDwas not associated with efficiencySSS_SINGLE_SEL4.What is true about the apartments Mies built on Chicagos Lake ShoreDrive?AThey ignored details and proportionsBThey were built with materials popular at that timeCThey were more spacious than neighboring buildingsDThey shared some characteristics of abstract artSSS_SINGLE_SEL5.What can we learn about the design of the Case Study Houses?AMechanical devices were widely usedBNatural scenes were taken into considerationCDetails were sacrificed for the overall effectDEco-friendly materials were employedText 4Will the European Union make it?The question would have soundedstrange not long ago.Now even the projects greatest cheer leaderstalk of a continent facing a Bermuda triangle of debt,populationdecline and lower growth.As well as those chronic problems,the EU faces an acute crisis inits economic core,the 16 countries that use the single currency.Markets have lost faith that the euro zones economies,weaker orstronger,will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing asingle currency,which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix ofdevaluation.Yet the debate about how to save Europes single currency fromdisintegration is stuck.It is stuck because the euro zones dominantpowers,France and Germany,agree on the need for greaterharmonization within the euro zone,but disagree about what toharmonize.Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrowspending*petitiveness,barked by quasi-automatic sanctions forgovernments that do not obey.These might include threats to freezeEU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects and even thesuspension of a countrys voting rights in EU ministerial councils.It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 membersof the EU club,among whom there is a smal