2013年6月英语四级阅读真题.pdf

2013 年 6 月四级详细阅读Passage OnePassage OneJunk food is everywhere.Were eating way too much of it.Most of us know what were doing and yetwe do it anyway.So heres a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation:Why not take a lesson fromalcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how its displayed?Many policy measures to control obesity（肥胖症）assume that people consciously and rationallychoose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providing information and more access tohealthier foods,note the two researchers.In contrast,the researchers continue,many regulations that dont assume people make rationalchoices have been successfully applied to control alcohol,a substance-like food-of which immoderateconsumption leads to serious health problems.The research references studies of peoples behavior with food and alcohol and results of alcoholrestrictions,and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be promising if applied to junkfoods.Among them:Density restrictions:licenses to sell alcohol arent handed out unplanned to all comers but are allotted（分配）based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol.These make alcohol less easy toget and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink.Similarly,the researchers say,being presented with junk food stimulates our desire to eat it.So why notlimit the density of food outlets,particularly ones that sell food rich in empty calories?And why not limitsale of food in places that arent primarily food stores?Display and sales restrictions:California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cash registersin gas stations,and in most places you cant buy alcohol at drive-through facilities.At supermarkets,foodcompanies pay to have their wares in places where theyre easily seen.One could remove junk food to theback of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines.The other measures include restrictingportion sizes,taxing and prohibiting special price deals for junk foods,and placing warning labels on theproducts.1.1.What does the author say about junk food?What does the author say about junk food?A)People should be educated not to eat too much.B)It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation.C)Its temptation is too strong for people to resist.D)It causes more harm than is generally realized.2.2.What do the Rand researchers think of many of the policy measures to control obesity?What do the Rand researchers think of many of the policy measures to control obesity?A)They should be implemented effectively.B)They provide misleading information.C)They are based on wrong assumptions.D)They help people make rational choices.3.3.Why do policymakers of alcohol control place density restrictions?Why do policymakers of alcohol control place density restrictions?A)Few people are able to resist alcohols temptations.B)There are already too many stores selling alcohol.C)Drinking strong alcohol can cause social problems.D)Easy access leads to customers over-consumption.4.4.What is the purpose of Californias rule about alcohol display in gas stationsWhat is the purpose of Californias rule about alcohol display in gas stations?A)To effectively limit the density of alcohol outlets.B)To help drivers to give up the habit of drinking.C)To prevent possible traffic jams in nearby areas.D)To get alcohol out of drivers immediate sight.5.5.What is the general guideline the Rand researchers suggest about junk food control?What is the general guideline the Rand researchers suggest about junk food control?A)Guiding people to make rational choices about food.B)Enhancing peoples awareness of their own health.C)Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures.D.Resorting to economic,legal and psychological means.2013 年 6 月四级详细阅读Passage TwoPassage TwoKodak s decision to file for bankruptcy(破产)protection is a sad,though not unexpected,turning pointfor a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer photography and dominated the film market fordecades,but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution.Although many attribute Kodaks downfall to“complacency(自满),”that explanation doesntacknowledge the lengths to which the company went to reinvent itself.Decades ago,Kodak anticipated thatdigital photography would overtake film and in fact,Kodak invented the first digital camera in 1975but in a fateful decision,the company chose to shelf its new discovery to focus on its traditional filmbusiness.It wasnt that Kodak was blind to the future,said Rebecca Henderson,a professor at Harvard BusinessSchool,but rather that it failed to execute on a strategy to confront it.By the time the company realized itsmistake,it was too late.Kodak is an example of a firm that was very much aware that they had to adapt,and spent a lot ofmoney trying to do so,but ultimately failed.Large companies have a difficult time switching to new marketsbecause there is a temptation to put existing assets into the new businesses.Although Kodak anticipated the inevitable rise of digital photography,its corporate culture was toorooted in the successes of the past for it to make the clean break necessary to fully embrace the future.Theywere a company stuck in time.Their history was so important to them.Now their history has become aliability.Kodaks downfall over the last several decades was dramatic.In 1976,the company commanded 90%ofthe market for photographic film and 85%of the market for cameras.But the 1980s brought newcompetition from Japanese film company Fuji Photo,which undermined Kodak by offering lower prices forfilm and photo supplies.Kodaks decision not to pursue the role of official film for the 1984 Los AngelesOlympics was a major miscalculation.The bid went instead to Fuji,which exploited its sponsorship to win apermanent foothold in the marketplace.1.1.What do we learn about Kodak?What do we learn about Kodak?A)It went bankrupt all of a sudden.B)It is approaching its downfall.C)It initiated the digital revolution in the film industry.D)It is playing the dominant role in the film market.2.2.Why does the author mention Kodaks invention of theWhy does the author mention Kodaks invention of the first digital camera?first digital camera?A)To show its early attempt to reinvent itself.B)To show its effort to overcome complacency.C)To show its quick adaptation to the digital revolution.D)To show its will to compete with Japans Fuji Photo.3.3.Why do large companies have difficulty switching to new markets?Why do large companies have difficulty switching to new markets?A)They find it costly to give up their existing assets.B)They tend to be slow in confronting new challenges.C)They are unwilling to invest in new technology.D)They are deeply stuck in their glorious past.4.4.What does the author say Kodaks history has becomeWhat does the author say Kodaks history has become?A)A burden.B)A mirror.C)A joke.D)A challenge.5.5.What was Kodaks fatal mistakeWhat was Kodaks fatal mistake?A)Its blind faith in traditional photography.B)Its failure to see Fuji Photos emergence.C)Its refusal to sponsor the 1984 Olympics.D)Its overconfidence in its corporate culture.