2021年上海市高考英语总复习：阅读理解（附答案解析）.pdf
2021年上海市高考英语总复习：阅读理解1.I believe in holding onto traditions because they helped our family flourish（兴旺）in a newcountry.But this concept is more concretely expressed this way：I believe in feedingmonkeys on my birthday-something Fve done without fail for 35 years.In the Burmese jungle,monkeys are as common as pigeons.But in America,feedingmonkeys means violating（违反）the rules.As a kid,I thought that was cool.I learned English through watching bad television showsand expected that I was the chosen warrior（勇 士）sent to defend my family.Dad and I wouldgo to the zoo early in the morning,just the two of us.When the coast was clear,I wouldthrow my peanuts to the monkeys.I never had to explain myself until my 18th birthday.It was the first year I didnt go withmy father.I went with my friends and arrived 10 minutes after the zoo gates closed.Please,n I begged the zookeeper,I feed monkeys for my family,not for me.Can*t you make anexception?”“Go find a pet store,she said.If only it were so easy.That time,I got lucky.I found out that a high school classmatetrained the monkeys for the movie Out of Africa，so he allowed me to feed hismonkeys.Once a man with a pet monkey suspected that my story was aploy-that I was ananimal rights activist（积极分子）out to liberate（释放）his monkey.Another time,azoo told me that outsiders could not feed the monkeys without violating the zookeeperscollective bargaining agreement.Once in a pet store,I managed to feed a marmoset（戡）being kept in a birdcage.Another time,I was asked to wear a special suit to feed alaboratory monkey.Its rarely easy and,yet,somehow Fve found a way to feed a monkey every year sinceI was bom.（1）Why has the author fed monkeys all these years?A.To please his father.B.To develop a new hobby.C.To celebrate his birthday.第1页 共7 3页D.To keep up his family tradition.(2)How did the author and his father feed the zoo monkeys?A.They got the zookeepefs permission.B.They did it with the help of friends.C They pretended to be warriors.D.They did it in a secret way.(3)What does the underlined word ploy in Paragraph 5 mean?A.Joke.B.Excuse.C.Trick.D.Adventure.(4)How is the fifth paragraph mainly developed?A.By following time order.B By providing examples.C.By giving explanations.D.By making comparisons.2.Our non-profit organization had just received a large donation of clothing.As three of uswalked home for dinner,we saw a woman begging by the bridge.She was old and had nolegs.She shivered in her thin sari(纱巾)，which offered little protection from the coldwind.Her hunger forced her to beg.My friends and I looked at each other：here was aperfect opportunity,but first it was necessary to do a little bit of research.We went up to the woman to hear her story.She spoke very little due to her poor healthand fear,but we learned enough.She lived alone in her small home.She had no one to lookafter her and ate whatever people gave her.The desire to help her grew stronger.Afterspeaking to her,we headed back to get something to keep her warm.Finding the perfectsweater,we set out again to see the woman.This time,the fear was replaced by distrust aswe presented her with the sweater.Are you robbers?”she asked.You came here before and are back so suddenly withclothes.I was surprised by her principles.Even in her state,she did not want to wearanything that was stolen and gained through ill means.第2页 共7 3页“No,we are out doing service work.*Her shoulders relaxed a bit.I then helped her putthe sweater on and said,Please dont sell the sweater.”I swear,I wont,she said.A week later,I was out walking with my mother to get some food when I saw the womanagain.This time the picture was a little different.She was still begging,but with the graysweater wrapped around her body and a smile on her face when she saw us.I guarantee thatthe smile on my face was bigger.(1)What can we learn from the first paragraph?A.The writer offered help without hesitation.B.The writer wanted to learn more about the beggar.C.The organization had too many clothes.D.The woman wanted to make a fortune by begging.(2)What do the underlined words Hher principles1 in the third paragraph refer to?A.She never trusted strangers.B.She never accepted donations from the poor.C.She wouldnt accept anything gained illegally.D.She wouldnt take advantage of others kindness.(3)What contributed to their smiles at last?A.Caution and fear.B Kindness and trust.C Doubt and distrust.D.Optimism and generosity.(4)What is the best title for the passage?A.We Should Trust BeggarsB.How to Judge a Real BeggarC.Learn Morality from a BeggarD.The Most Wonderful Gift I Gave to a Beggar3.Loneliness hurts.It is psychologically distressing and so physically unhealthy that beinglonely increases the likelihood of an earlier death by 26 percent.But psychologists think ithurts so much because,like hunger and thirst,loneliness acts as a biological alarm bell.第3页 共7 3页On March 26,just as the COVID-19 pandemic gripped the world,researchers fromthe Massachusetts Institute of Technology posted a report on bioRxiv.It is the first study inhumans to show that both loneliness and hunger share signals deep in a part of the brain thatgoverns very basic impulses for reward and motivation.So,our need to connect isapparently as fundamental as our need to eat.The researchers used functional magnetic resonance imaging（fMRI）to compare brainresponses to loneliness and hunger.40 adult participants underwent a 10-hour sessiondepriving（剥 夺）them of food and another 10-hour session denying them socialcontact.Both sessions served as a control（对照）condition for each other.The social-isolation condition was challenging to arrange.Some people are lonely in acrowd,while others enjoy solitude To induce（弓 I 起）not jusl objective isolation but subjectivefeelings of loneliness,the researchers had the participants spend their time from 9A.M.to7 P.M.in a room at the laboratory without phones,laptops or even novels in case fictionalcharacters provided some social support.Puzzles were allowed,as was preapprovednonfiction reading or writing.Researchers then focused on a midbrain region called the substantia nigra”,a center ofdopamine（多 巴胺）release involved with motivation and desire.The dopaminergicresponse shows a strong wanting.In the scanner,participants saw images of their preferredforms of social interaction and of their favorite foods,as well as a control image offlowers.It was then found that the substantia nigra responded only to cues of what they hadbeen deprived of.The magnitude of the response correlated with the subjects self-reports ofhow hungry or lonely they were,though the feelings of hunger were consistently stronger.Finally,the researchers used machine learning to confirm their findings.A softwareclassifier trained to recognize neural patterns during fasting（斋戒）proved able to recognizesimilar neural patterns from the social-isolation condition even thoughit had never seenthem.So there seems to be an underlying shared neural signature between the two states.Even before the COVID-19 pandemic,an obvious next question for the work waswhether different forms of social media could satisfy the need for social connection.Thoseresearchers were never able to get funding for such a study.But now it seems they will.第4页 共7 3页(1)The report posted on March 26.A.is based on the social-isolation condition during the pandemicB.is the first study on the effect of loneliness on human beingsC.reflects the similarity between loneliness and hungerD.shows human need for reward and motivation(2)What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?A.Why inducing feelings of loneliness was challenging.B.How loneliness was created among participants.C.Why participants were denied access to phones.D.How researchers compared brain responses.(3)We can infer that participants substantia nigra s h o we d response(s)to the imageof flowers.A.littleB,variousC.strongD.consistent(4)What does the underlined it in Paragraph 6 refer to?A.The neural signature.B.Fasting.C.Machine learning.D.The classifier.4.Dolphin(海豚)or not a dolphin?That is the question!You see,there are several typesof dolphins.Some are saltwater dolphins while others are river dolphins.“What are the 32 types of dolphins?When people are asking the question,they areactually refeiring to the saltwater dolphins in oceans and seas.The river dolphins living infresh water are not included in these species(物种).But what would be the answer in thiscase if we ask,Dolphin or not a dolphin?”The answer would obviously be yes.Riverdolphins still belong to the dolphin family.Among the 32 types of dolphins,some do not actually wear the word dolphin1 in theirnames,such as the tucuxi,while others actually have the word“whale”as part of their names第5页 共7 3页even if they are not whales but in fact,belong to the dolphin family,for example,the melon-headed whale and the killer whale.So what would be the answer to the question dolphinor not a dolphin?”in these cases?It would be yes.All these species do belong to thedolphin family.Another question that people ask is,“Are the sea animals that perform at aquariums(水族馆)all dolphins?So,it always seems to come back to the question,Dolphin or not adolphin?Well the answer is no in this case.The sea animals that perform there are not alldolphins.The beluga which people tend to think belong to the dolphin family because theyshow what seems like a smile,like most dolphins,are in fact a species of the whale family.Now that you read these facts about dolphins,you probably realize that certain seaanimals may appear to be part of the dolphin species and that others seem to be part of thewhale family but in either case,it is not obvious and can be surprising when you identify a seaanimal as being a dolphin or not a dolphin.That is the question!(1)Which of the following actually belongs to the whale family?A.The tucuxi.B.The beluga.C.The killer whale.D.The melon-headed whale.(2)What do we know about the majority of the dolphins?A.They perform for audience.B.They appear friendly.C.They look like whales.D.They live in fresh water.(3)What paragraph could be added about dolphins before the last paragraph if you were theauthor?_A.The living area.B.Dolphin training.C.The eating habits.D.Further identification.第6页 共7 3页(4)This article can be classified as.A.popular scienceB.literary fictionC.a news reportD.a travel diary5.Experience all the most famous sights in Copenhagen with our Hop On-Hop Off and CitySightseeing tours equipped with audio guide in II languages.Choose between three differentroutes that will take you through different and diverse areas of the city：The ClassicCopenhagen tour,the Urban Green tour or the Colorful Copenhagen tour.It is up to you ifyou want to stay on board for a full ride or if you want to get off and explore sights on theway.You can hop off and on as much as you like.If you prefer a non-stop tour,thenCopenhagen Panorama is perfect for you.This tour will take you to all the mainattractions.It is live guided in English and includes photo stops at The Little Mermaid,Amalienborg Palace and the Opera.Danes love being close to the water and this is no exception in Copenhagen.The waterside of the city is very lively,and citizens love to spend their spare time along thecanals.Explore the harbor and canals of Copenhagen with a canal tour.Choose between theclassic I hour live guided Grand Tour or the Hop On-Hop Off boat tour with audio guide andexperience Copenhagen and its beauty from the water side.If you can*t decide between bus and boat-no worries.You can get both.A ticket thatcombines bus and boat will give you the very best opportunity to discover Copenhagen at yourown pace.With our combination tickets you even save money compared to buying separatetickets.A ticket to our combination tours allows you to experience all that Copenhagen has tooffer from the water as well as from the land.Of course,you can freely switch between ourbuses and boats at various spots across the city if you go for the hop-on hop-off option.Experience all the main attractions in the city：The Little Mermaid,the royal castleAmalienborg Palace,picturesque historical buildings like the colorful Nyhavn and feel thefree spirit of Freetown Christania and the hygge at Frederiksbergs green areas.Our buses andboats take you easily to all the top attractions in Copenhagen!第7页 共7 3页(1)The text is most probably taken f r om.A.a research paperB.a text bookC.a travel brochureD.a user guide(2)What can we learn from the first paragraph?A.You can hop on a bus or boat for limited times.B.The Colorful Copenhagen tour is a non-stop tour.C.Sightseeing tours are equipped with video guide in 11 languages.D.All the main scenic spots are covered in the Copenhagen Panorama tour.(3)If you want to fully explore Copenhagen at your own pace,which might be the bestchoice?_A.Choose the classic I hour live guided Grand Tour.B Get a combination ticket that combines bus and boat tours.C.First buy a bus ticket and then buy a boat ticket for all the attractions.D.Explore the idyllic harbor and canals of Copenhagen with a canal tour.6.Rivers are the veins of the Earth,transporting the water and nutrients(营养物)needed tosupport the planet*s ecosystems,including human life.While many nutrients are essential tothe survival of life,there is one element transported by water in rivers that holds the key tolife and to the future of our planet-carbon Carbon is everywhere and understanding the way it moves and is either released or storedby the Earth system is a complex science in itself.Carbon starts its journey downstream whennatural acid rain,which contains carbon dioxide from the atmosphere,melts minerals inrocks.This helps transform carbon dioxide to bicarbonate(碳酸氢盐)in the water that thenflows in our rivers.This is a very long process,which is one of the main ways carbondioxide is removed from the atmosphere.Carbon is transported by rivers to oceans and oncethat carbon reaches the ocean,it is stored naturally in deep sea sediments(沉 淀 物)formillions of years.As carbon travels down a river,different processes may impact whether it continues toflow downstream or whether it is released into the atmosphere.For example,human第8页 共7 3页engineering,like extensive dam construction,will result in dramatic changes to how waterand sediments travel down the river.Some carbon that fails to reach the sea may return to theatmosphere in some way,which causes more warming.Earths climate is closely related to the carbon cycle.We all know about the essential roleof plants in consuming carbon dioxide,but do we know enough about rivers?Changing thechemistry and the course of rivers may have significant impacts on how they transportcarbon.Remember：wherever we live,we all live downstream.(1)Where is the carbon in rivers originally from?A,The atmosphere.B.The rocks.C.The acid rain.D.The upstream areas.(2)Why is human engineering mentioned in Paragraph 3?A.To show how important to life carbon is.B.To explain how necessary it is to build dams.C.To show how a natural process
