暨南大学211翻译硕士英语2011--2018年考研初试专业课真题试卷.pdf
2011J暨INAN南 UNI大VERS军ITY年全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试试题学科、专业名称：翻译硕士专业研究方向：翻译考试科目名称：翻译硕士英语考试科目代码：211考生注意：所有答案必须写在答题纸（卷）上，写在本试题上一律不给分。I.Vocabulary&Grammar(30%)Directions:There are 30 sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there arefour words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Choose the ONE answer that bestcompletes the sentence.Mark your answers on your Answer Sheet.1.Bureaucratic power has _ upon the freedom of the individual.A.encroached B.encapsulatedC.enchanted D.encompassed2.You risk _ bank charges if you exceed your overdraft limit.A.recurring B.occurringC.incurring D.concurring3.If one thing or person is with another,they are very different inimportant ways,and do not suit each other or agree with each other.A.inquisitive B.incompatibleC.inconsiderate D.inappropriate4.The laws apply to everyone _ race,creed or color.A.in terms of B.in spite ofC.in virtue of D.irrespective of5.Moving through life sometimes feels like swimming _.Other times itslike flying through the air.A.downwards B.backstrokeC.counterclockwise D.upstream6.He*s usually very _ at keeping his private life out of the media.A.adept B.adaptC.adopt D.acute7.Her commitment to a great cause _ from a crusade into an obsession.A.downgraded B.depredatedC.degenerated D.depreciated8.Portugal has _ a complaint with the International Court of Justice againstthe recent Spanish stern measures.A.dislodged B.subscribedC.lodged D.contributed19.1 hope all the precautions against air pollution,suggested by the localgovernment,will be seriously considered here.9.ril appreciate your _commission basis._ effort to promote the sale in your market onA.atrociousC.effusive10.Although they plant treesare still.B.strenuousD.evocativein this area year in and year out,the tops of some hillsA.bareC.blank11.The price of beer_season.A.wanderedC.overwhelmed12.The present leaders haveB.vacantD.hollow_ from 50 cents to$4 per liter during the summerB.coveredD.rangedto decide whether to stand down and to ayounger generation.A.hand out B.hand inC.hand over D.hand down13.Shes completely homeless;at least I have my parents to _.A.fall behind with B.fall in withC.fall down on D.fall back on14.If you _ someone or something,you like them,especially after knowingthem or thinking about them for only a short time.A.take after B.take toC.take in D.take for15.The students new proposals on the running of the college to theCollege Education Committee.A.put forward B.put throughC.put forth D.put out16.He is a skilled worker _ from his job in Ford Company.A.laid down B.laid outC.laid off D.laid aside17.The judge wouldnt have him so easily if it hadnt been afirst offence.A.got.through B.got.backC.got.off D.got.in18.In no country _ Britain,it has been said,can one experience fourseasons in the course of a single day.A.other than B.more thanC.rather than D.better thanA.which B.asC.what D.whereas20.The project,by the end of 2020,will expand the citys telephonenetwork to cover 10 million users.A.accomplished B.being accomplishedC.while accomplished D.having been accomplished21.My husband suggested to New York for a holiday,though I actuallyfavored Hawaii.A.going;to visit B.to go;to visitC.to go;visiting D.going;visiting22.had the CIG started work it began to chafe at itsrestrictions and sought authority to start operating espionage networks abroad.A.No sooner.when.B.Hardly.than.C.No sooner.than.D.Scarcely.than.23.Reading is to the mind food is to the body.A.what B.likeC.as if D.while24.She took the name George Eliot for the reason women of her daywere not supposed to be novelists.A.why B./C.that D.because25.That night,he went out again to look for help.A.tired like he was B.tired as he wasC.tired though he is D.tired eve though he was26.1 like the city,but I like the country better I have more friends there.A.now that B.for thatC.since that D.in that27.-Youve never seen dinosaur eggs,have you?一 .How I wish to visit the Dinosaur World!A.Yes,I have B.No,I haventC.No,I have D.Yes,I havent28.they are fit I see no reason why they shouldnt go on playing foranother four or five years.A.Provide B.Having providedC.Provided D.To be provided29.Td just as soon you more than we do.A.study B.have studiedC.studied D.would study30.If Mr.Wang to learn more English,he would not have bought thisbook yesterday.A.didnt needC.hadnt neededB.hasnt neededD.shouldnt needIL Reading Comprehension(40%)Directions:This part consists of two sections.In Section A,there are three passagesfollowed by a total of 15 multiple-choice questions.In Section B,there is onepassage followed by a total of 5 short-answer questions.Read the passages andthen mark or write down your answers on the Answer Sheet.Section A Multiple-Choice Questions(20%)Passage 1Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:The Timber rattlesnake,once widespread throughout the eastern United States,isnow on the endangered species list and is extinct in two eastern states in which it oncethrived.Compared to its western cousins,the Timber rattlesnake may be especiallyvulnerable because of certain behaviors adapted for coping with the cold climate inwhich it lives.Rattlesnakes are generally found in warm climates because,like all reptiles,theycannot generate or regulate their own body temperature internally and must rely on thesuns warmth for heat.But Timber rattlesnakes migrated into colder northern about8,000 years ago when glaciers retreated.In these northern regions,the snakesdeveloped a number of adaptive strategies to survive,but ultimately these behaviorsmake them more vulnerable to human predation,their main threat.One survival strategy the snakes have developed is hibernation.For approximatelyeight months of the year,the rattlers remain motionless in deep frost-free crevices,withtheir body temperature dropping as low as 40 degrees.In the spring when they emerge,they must warm their chilled bodies by sunning for three or four days on rocks in theopen.This behavior,coupled with the fact that Timber rattlesnakes tend to concentratein large numbers at their wintering sites,makes them easy prey.Gestating females areparticularly vulnerable because they spend much of their time basking in the sun inorder to produce live young from eggs.In addition,females have very long interbirthintervals,producing live young only every three to five years.If a frost or cold spellcomes late in the year,the entire litter of six to twelve young may die.Efforts are underway to protect the Timber rattlesnake and its habitat from furtherhuman depredation,but in many states it is already too late.31.What is the main topic of the passage?A.why Timber rattlesnakes hibernateB.how Timber rattlesnakes are survivingC.how Timber rattlesnakes adapted to northern climatesD.why Timber rattlesnakes are endangered32.Which of the following is true about Timber rattlesnakes?A.They migrated to eastern states.B.They migrated northward during a warming period.C.They migrated to escape a cold climate.D.They migrated to the South to seek a warmer climate.33.In which of the following places might a person be most likely to find Timberrattlesnakes in the spring?A.in the woodsB.in meadowsC.in bushy areasD.in canyons34.According to the passage,which of the following does NOT contribute to the rattlesnake being an endangered animal?A.hibernating for eight monthsB.basking in the sunC.congregating togetherD.having long intervals between births35.What is the authors tone attitude toward the topic?A.accusativeB.nostalgicC.regretfulD.humorousPassage 2Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:As heart disease continues to be the number-one killer in the United States,researchers have become increasingly interested in identifying the potential risk factorsthat trigger heart attacks.High-fat diets and“life in the fast lane“have long beenknown to contribute to the high incidence of heart failure.But according to newstudies,the list of risk factors may be significantly longer and quite surprising.Heart failure,for example,appears to have seasonal and temporal patterns.Ahigher percentage of heart attacks occur in cold weather,and more people experienceheart failure on Monday than on any other day of the week.In addition,people aremore susceptible to heart attacks in the first few hours after waking.Cardiologists firstobserved this morning phenomenon in the mid-1980s,and have since discovered anumber of possible causes.An early-morning rise in blood pressure,heart rate,andconcentration of heart stimulating hormones,plus a reduction of blood flow to theheart,may all contribute to the higher incidence of heart attacks between the hours of8:00 A.M.and 10:00 A.M.In other studies,both birthdays and bachelorhood have been implicated as riskfactors.Statistics reveal that heart attack rates increase significantly for both femalesand males in the few days immediately preceding and following their birthdays.Andunmarried men are more at risk for heart attacks than their married counterparts.Though stress is thought to be linked in some way to all of the aforementioned riskfactors,intense research continues in the hope of further comprehending why and howheart failure is triggered.36.What does the passage mainly discuss?A.risk factors in heart attacksB.seasonal and temporal patterns of heart attacksC.cardiology in the 1980sD.diet and stress as factors in heart attacks37.What do the second and third paragraphs of the passage mainly discuss?A.the link between heart attacks and marriageB.unusual risk factors in heart attacksC.age and gender factors in heart attacksD.myths about lifestyle and heart attacks38.According to the passage,which of the following is NOT a possible cause of manyheart attacks?A.decreased blood flow to the heartB.increased blood pressureC.lower heart rateD.increase in hormones39.Which of the following is NOT cited as a possible risk factor?A.having a birthdayB.getting marriedC.eating fatty foodsD.being under stress40.Which of the following does the passage infer?A.We now fully understand how risk factors trigger heart attacks.B.We recently began to study how risk factors trigger heart attacks.C.We have not identified many risk factors associated with heart attacks.D.We do not fully understand how risk factors trigger heart attacks.Passage 3Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:The miserable fate of Enron9s employees will be a landmark in business history,one of those awful events that everyone agrees must never be allowed to happen again.This urge is understandable and noble:thousands have lost virtually all their retirementsavings with the demise of Enron stock.But making sure it never happens again maynot be possible,because the sudden impoverishment of those Enron workers representssomething even larger than it seems.Ifs the latest turn in the unwinding of one of themost audacious promise of the 20th century.The promise was assured economic security-even comfort-for essentiallyeveryone in the developed world.With the explosion of wealth that began in the 19thcentury it became possible to think about a possibility no one had dared to dreambefore.The fear at the center of daily living since caveman days-lack of food,warmth,shelter-would at last lose its power to terrify.That remarkable promisebecame reality in many ways.Governments created welfare systems for anyone in needand separate programmes for the elderly(Social Security in the U.S.).Labour unionspromised not only better pay for workers but also pensions for retirees.Giantcorporations came into being and offered the possibility-in some cases the promise-of lifetime employment plus guaranteed pensions.The cumulative effect was afundamental change in how millions of people approached life itself,a reversal ofattitude that most rank as one of the largest in human history.For millennia the averagepersons stance toward providing for himself had been.Ultimately Fm on my own.Now it became,Ultimately Ill be taken care of.The early hints that this promise might be broken on a large scale came in the1980s.U.S.business had become uncompetitive globally and began restructuringmassively,with huge layoffs.The trend accelerated in the 1990s as the bastions ofcorporate welfare faced reality.IBM ended its no-layoff policy.AT&T fired thousands,many of whom found such a thing simply incomprehensible,and a few of whom killedthemselves.The other supposed guarantors of our economic security were also indecline.Labour-union membership and power fell to their lowest levels in decades.President Clinton signed a historic bill scaling back welfare.Americans realized thatSocial Security wont provide social security for any of us.A less visible but equally significant trend affected pensions.To make costs easierto control,companies moved away from defined-benefit pension plans,which obligatethem to pay out specified amounts years in the future,to defined-contribution plans,which specify only how much goes into the play today.The most common type ofdefined-contribution plan is the 401(k).The significance of the 401(k)is that it putsmost of the responsibility for a persons economic fate back on the employee.Withinlimits the employee must decide how much goes into the plan each year and how itgets invested-the two factors that will determine how much its worth when theemployee retires.Which brings us back to Enron?Those billions of dollars in vaporized retirementsavings went in employees9 401(k)accounts.That is,the employees chose how muchmoney to put into those accounts and then chose how to invest it.Enron matched acertain proportion of each employees 401(k)contribution with company stock,soeveryone was going to end up with some Enron in his or her portfolio;but that could beregarded as a freebie,since nothing compels a company to match employeecontributions at all.At least two special features complicate the Enron case.First,some shareholderscharge top management with illegally covering up the companys problems,promptinginvestors to hang on when they should have sold.Second,Enrons 401(k)accountswere locked while the company changed plan administrators in October,when thestock was falling,so employees could not have closed their accounts if they wanted to.But by far the largest cause of this human tragedy is that thousands of employeeswere heavily overweighed in Enron stock.Many had placed 100%of their 401(k)assets in the stock rather than in the 18 other investment options they were offered.Ofcourse that wasnt prudent,but its what some of them did.The Enron employees9 retirement disaster is part of the larger trend away fromguaranteed economic security.Thats why preventing such a thing from ever happeningagain may be impossible.The huge attitudinal shift to ril-be-taken-care-of took at leasta generation.The shift back may take just as long.It wont be complete until a newgeneration of employees see assured economic comfort as a 20th-century quirk,andunderstand not just intellectually but in their bones that,like most people in most timesand places,theyre on thei
