高中英语高考语法知识复习（形容词+名词性从句）.docx

高考英语语法知识一、形容词1.修饰名词，对主语或宾语进行补充说明是形容词的基本作用。1）修饰主语hard work 繁重的工作 nice picture 好看的照片2）对主语或宾语补充说明就是补语。形容词是补语的一种。用作补语的形容词一般位于be动词或宾语后面。She is beautiful. 她很漂亮。The work is very hard. 那个工作很难。2.becomelookremain等动词后面加形容词也是对主语补充说明。become, get, grow, go, turn 成为.look, appear, seem 好像.，看起来像.remain, stay 保持.状态与be动词相似，但更强调“维持在什么样的状态”。They got upset when heir team lost the game.当他们队输了比赛时，他们非常生气。Receiving the presents, the orphans seemed so happy.那些孤儿们收到了礼物，看起来很高兴。My mom remained calm even though she was upset.即使我妈妈生气了，她始终保持沉默。他们是富裕的家庭。They're a wealthy family.他们很生气。They were very upset.那是件容易的事。Its easy work.她看起来很累。She looked tired.她保持沉默。 She remained silent.3.记住特殊的形容词1）只作补语的形容词3alive 活的 alone 独自，孤独 asleep 熟睡afraid 害怕的 sorry 对不起They were alive. 他们还活着。2）在名词后修饰的形容词事实上，这种形容词完全是因为名词才特殊。像something，somebody，someone这样的名词，其后附有-thing，-body，-one之类的后缀，这样的名词要放在形容词前，即形容词在后面修饰这些名词。Do you know someone famous? 你知道一些名人吗？I can smell something foul. 我闻到了一股怪味。3）修饰可数名词的形容词VS修饰不可数名词的形容词种类意义修饰可数名词修饰不可数名词多manymuch少a fewa little几乎没有fewlittleI found something strange in her room.我发现她的屋里有奇怪的东西。Im working with many famous people.我和许多名人在一起工作。She bought something expensive for me.她给我买了一些贵重的东西。We have little water to drink.我们几乎没有水喝了。The driver was alive in the accident.那个司机在那场事故中活了下来。二、名词性从句1.由that引导的名词性从句如果有当作主语或宾语使用的句子的话，只需在句子前面加上that就可以了。句子前面的that就是名词性从句的标志。1）He leaves China + is true.如果将he leaves China这个句子当作主语使用的话，在它前面加上that。这样he leaves China就成了名词性从句了。That he leaves China is true. 他离开中国的事是真的。That he applied for the job was unknown. 不知道他是否申请了那个工作。2)I dont know + He leaves China soon.he leaves China作宾语时，也和上述句子一样，只要在句子前面加上that，就可以变成名词性从句，充当句子的宾语。I dont know that he leaves China soon. 我不知道他离开中国了。He believed that she would marry him. 他相信她会嫁给他。3)在that引导的名词性宾语从句中，that可以被省略。I knew (that) he collected stamps as his hobby.我知道他把收集邮票作为兴趣爱好。She believed (that) the sofa was sold to her.她相信沙发是被卖给了她的。2.名词性从句太长的话，就放在句尾。名词性从句中如果从句太长的话，就把形式主语it放在主语的位置，that引导的名词性从句就放在句尾位置。That he leaves China is true.=It is true that he leaves China.That he applied for the job was unknown.=It was unknown that he applied for the job.Nobody knew that tsunami would hit the town.没有人知道海啸会袭击那个城镇。She heard that he had been fired.她听说了他被解雇的消息。It is unbelievable that the volcano is about erupt.火山马上就要喷发这件事是不可信的。It must be a mistake that I won this award.我得奖一定是弄错了。I believe that you wold pay me back.我相信你会换我钱的。I think that Im in love with you.我想我是爱上你了。It is very natural that the book should contain a large section on the topic.这本书包含很多关于那个主题的章节是理所当然的。3.名词性从句也可以表疑问。当who, what, when, why, how, where等特殊疑问词在名词性从句中作主语或宾语时，疑问词本身起到了that的引导作用，句子中就不用再单独写that了。Nobody knows where she hid the weapon.没有人知道她把武器藏在了哪里。Who mugged the lady should be investigated immediately.应当立刻调查是谁抢劫了那位女士。It is a mastery how he broke into the house.秘密在于他是如何闯入房子里的。1）A: Do you know who will be the new manager?你知道谁会成为新的经理吗？B: I think Mr. Green from Tokyo will be the new manager.我认为来自东京的格林先生会成为新的经理。2）A: Tell me when you can finish the script.告诉我你什么时候能完成脚本。B: Maybe tomorrow night.可能明天晚上吧。3）A: I dont understand how he can eat so quickly.我不明白他吃饭怎么会如此之快。B: Well, he may have a bigger stomach.可能是因为他有一个大胃吧。4）A: Could you tell me where the gas station is near her?你能告诉我附近哪有加油站吗？B: Im sorry Im a stranger here.不好意思，我也不是本地人。5）A: I have no idea why they got divorced.我不明白他们为什么离婚。B: The rumor has it that Charlie cheated on Sally.据说是因为查理对萨莉不忠。