江苏省部分地区2021-2022学年高一下学期期中英语试卷汇编：阅读理解专题.docx

江苏省部分地区2021-2022学年高一下学期期中解析版英语试卷分类汇编 阅读理解专题江苏省南京市鼓楼区2021-2022学年高一下学期期中统考英语试题一、阅读理解Most of us are aware that we must take care of the environment, and the majority of us take steps to save energy and reduce waste and pollution. But recently some “green truths” have been shown to be only half true, or even completely false. Here are some common ones. Which are really green? Its better to take a shower than a bath.It depends on how long you spend in the shower and how large your bath is. If you spend more than eight minutes in a shower, youll use as much water as in a bath-about 50 litres of water. Therefore, the key is to keep your shower time as short as possible.? Eating local food is good for the environment.It seems like common sense: eating local food should be better for the environment, because it does not need to be transported long distances and kept cold during transport. Unfortunately, it is not that simple. In some cases, local produce might have used more energy and produced more greenhouse gases than produce grown a long way away.?_When we tun off a device, such as television, it goes into stand-by mode. Devices in this mode still use power, and older devices in stand-by mode can use even more. This happens because electricity continues to leak from the device, even when it is turned “off”. To make sure your appliances are in fact off, remove the plug from its power supply.Environmental awareness is now part of daily life. But its worth checking common ideas and opinions to see whats really green.1What food is more environmentally friendly?AIt all depends.BNone of them.CLocal produce.DNon-native food.2Which of the following best suits the blank?AWhen you turn off a device, it still uses power.BWhen you tun off a device, it stops using power.CUnplugging a device is better than turning off a device.DGoing into stand-by mode is better than turning off a device.3Why does the author write this passage?ATo tell the truth about some “green truths”.BTo call on people to protect the environment.CTo explain the significance of energy-saving.DTo present some practical ways to reduce waste.Rachel Carson was a scientist by profession, but the lines from the open chapter of her 1962 book Silent Spring. “A Fable for Tomorrow”, show her talent as a writer. By imagining a world without birds, she aimed to alert (使警惕) not only the scientific community but also the general public to the damaging effects of human activity on natural ecosystem-in particular, to the harmful use of pesticides (杀虫剂), such as DDT. She believed that the chemical industry was knowingly causing harm to plants, animals and even humans, and wished to see pesticides used in a more responsible, limited and carefully monitored way.Carson urged people to make themselves aware of the facts and do something about the situation. Silent Spring contains a lot of scientific research and case studies. The book details the programme of removing gypsy moth, which killed birds, in addition to killing gypsy moths. Another case study was the fire-ant programme that killed cows, but not fire ants. The book also gives dozens of other examples of removal programmes that did nothing to reduce the problems they were originally designed to solve. The 50 or so pages at the end of the book list Carsons source, showing how thorough and precise she was as a scientist.Silent Spring was not, however, received positively by everyone. Though Carsons research was strong and was supported by most scientists who reviewed her book, the book quickly became a target for critics in the pesticide industry. They said that Carson did not understand the science behind her arguments because she was a marine biologist rather than a chemist. Some also said that her work was more emotional than scientific.These were attempts to damage Carsons reputation (名声) and stop her from influencing public policy, but she remained determined to stand by her research. Carson appeared in public and on television to defend her claims-and today, more than 50 years after it was published, the voice of Silent Spring is still ringing loud and clear.4Which of the following is included in the passage? Background of the book            Features of the book Purposes of the book     Responses to the bookABCD5Some people questioned Carsons ideas because they thought _ .Ashe lacked sufficient evidenceBshe was ignorant of true scienceCshe was anxious to get the creditDshe was unprofessional in that field6Silent Spring is a book that _.Areveals humans to be the ruler of the worldBcharges pesticide industry with immoral actCillustrates the potential danger of pesticidesDrequests people to appreciate the beauty of spring7Which of the following can best describe Carson?AScientific and forward-looking.BOrdinary and responsible.CCourageous and well-educated.DIntelligent and adventurous.Flower scents (香味) help pollinators (传粉者) locate their favorite plants. Scientists have established that air pollutants change those scents, throwing off the tracking abilities of such beneficial insects as honeybees. But new lab experiments are the first to confirm that one pollinator, the tobacco hawkmoth, can quickly learn that a pollution-changed scent comes from the jasmine tobacco flower that the insect likes.Chemical ecologist Markus Knaden and colleagues focused on one pollutant-ozone, the main element in smog. In the lab, his team blew an ozone-changed scent from a tiny tube into a tunnel, with a moth (飞蛾) awaiting at the far end of the tunnel. Usually, when the moth smells the unchanged scent, it flies upwind and uses its long, skinny mouthparts to probe the tube the way that it would a flower. The researchers expected that the changed scent might throw the moth off a little. But the insect wasnt attracted at all.In addition to scent, tobacco hawkmoths track flowers visually, so Knadens team used the feature, along with a sweet snack, to train the moth to be attracted to a pollution-changed scent. The researchers wrapped a brightly-colored artificial flower around the tube to trick the moth back across the tunnel, despite the unfamiliar scent. And the team added sugar water to the artificial flower. After a moth was given four minutes to taste the sweet stuff, it was attracted to the new smell when sent into the tunnel 15 minutes later, even when neither the sugar water nor the visual signal of the artificial flower was present.This study focused on only one moth species, but Knadens team is now working on planning experiments with other pollinators that are easier to follow than tobacco hawknoths. While he guesses honeybees might also be as adaptable as the moth was, that wont be true of every pollinator. “The situation can become very bad for insects that are not as clever or cannot see that well. I dont want the take-home message to be that pollution is not a problem.”8What does the underlined word “probe” in paragraph 2 mean?ASurround.BFavour.CAccess.DExamine.9According to the passage, _.Anot all moths were attracted to ozone-changed scent as expectedBthe current research conducted by Knaden is pioneering and wide-rangingCnot all pollinators are adaptable to human-driven changes to their environmentDthe moth didnt like the new smell without sugar water and artificial flower10Whats Knadens attitude towards the finding of the study?APositive.BCautious.CUnclear.DCritical.11What does the text mainly talk about?AA moth can be rid of the tracking ability to locate its favourite plants.BA moth is able to establish a relationship between pollution and scents.CA moth may outsmart smog by learning to like pollution-changed scent.DA moth is born with an ability to adapt to the changes in the environment.The first wide-ranging assessment of medical crowdfunding in the United States shows that people in states with higher medical debt (债务) and lower rates of insurance coverage (保险范围) are more likely to try to raise money through crowdfunding websites, but less likely to succeed. From 2016 through 2020, more medical campaigns (运动) on the crowdfunding site GoFundMe were started in low-income and under-insured communities. But campaigns in wealthier communities with higher rates of insurance coverage raised significantly more money.Mississippi, for example, has the highest percentage of population with medical debt and is among the highest in percentage of uninsured, but crowdfunding campaigns there raised the least money of all 50 states. Vermont, on the other hand, raised the most. Its population had one of the lowest percentages of uninsured people and was around the middle as to the percentage of population without medical debt.“Only the most successful campaigns are stressed on social media, giving the impression that crowdfunding works,” says study coauthor Nors Kenworthy, a pubic health researcher. But, she says. we need to be more “clear-eyed” about crowdfundings limits and the kinds of gaps it fills.Yet even in countries like Canada and the United Kingdom, which have some form of universal health care coverage, studies of crowdfunding stress significant gaps. In those countries, crowdfinding is often for expenses indirectly related to illness and accidents, such as lost wages, transportation and child-care costs, Kenworthy says. According to one 2019 study, crowdfunding in Canada for cancer-related expenses is less successful in areas with lower education and income.While GoFundMes previous CEO Rober Solomon has called concerns that crowdfunding increases socioeconomic inequalities “hogwash”(一派胡言), the new study negates that, says Jeremy Snyde, a Canadian health researcher, who was not involved in this research.“Crowdfunding depends heavily on peer networks that typically have similar features, including income, to the campaigner themselves,” says Snyder, “If GoFundMe has data that suggests otherwise, then they have a duty to make it public.”12In the United States, online crowdfunding _.Arelieves the medical problem of those in povertyBrids the under-insured states of high medical debtCdeepens health care inequalities in different areasDfunds rich communities with higher insurance coverage13Why does the author mention Canada and the UK?ATo reveal different purposes of crowdfunding.BTo illustrate the noticeable gaps of crowdfunding.CTo further explore crowdfunding in other countries.DTo compare their crowdfunding with that in the USA14What can you infer from the passage?AMedical crowdfunding rarely helps those who need it most.BSocial media covers up the truth that crowdfunding never works.CThe USA has a higher rate of insurance coverage like Canada and the UK.DMedical crowdfunding raises more money than social media posts suggest.15Which of the following does Snyder most probably agree with?AGoFundMe must provide more data to support its stand.BCrowdfunding narrows the financial gap among different classes.CWe should be more aware of crowdfundings limits and purposes.DWithout peer networks, crowdfunding couldnt function properly.江苏省淮安市淮安区2021-2022学年高一下学期期中调研测试英语试卷一、阅读理解Four best fall festivals in the United StatesFall might be Americas favorite season, when we celebrate the art of getting together. Here are four fall festivals too good to miss.Trailing of the Sheep FestivalOctober 9-13 | Sun Valley, IdahoThis fall, more than 25,000 people from around the world will watch 1,500-plus sheep march down Ketchums Main Street. Even if nobody showed, third-generation farm owners would still tend their sheep through town to the grasslands on the Colorado River. It has become a reminder of a 150-year-old way of life.Apple Butter FestivalOctober 12-13 | Berkeley Springs, West VirginiaCopper kettles (铜壶) balanced over the fire have been used in Appalachia for centuries. In Berkeley Springs town square, the tradition is respected at the Apple Butter Festival: Competing cooks use long wooden sticks to mix the silky apple butter in copper kettles and sell it on site.Nantucket Cranberry FestivalOctober 12 | Nantucket Island, MassachusettsEvery October, the island hosts the Nantucket Cranberry Festival, a free outdoor festival where visitors can pick cranberries (蔓越莓) in a traditional way and tour cranberry bogs (沼泽) on foot with local experts. Hourly public buses run directly from the ferry (渡船) landing to the bog, but book ferry tickets to the island ahead of time.Kona Coffee Cultural FestivalNovember 3-10 | Kona, HawaiiFestivities during Konas Annual Coffee Cultural Festival tell the 200-year-old story of the Big Islands multicultural coffee history. The festival includes many coffee-related competitions. Visitors can also tour more than 30 of Konas 650 coffee farms.1Where can a sheep march be seen?AOn Konas coffee farms.BOn Ketchums Main Street.CIn Nantuckets cranberry bogs.DIn Berkeley Springs town square.2What can visitors do at the Apple Butter Festival?ABuy silky apple butter.BPick apples on the island.CMake dishes with apples.DHelp sell apple butter.3Which festival is recommended to visitors who are free in November?AApple Butter Festival.BTrailing of the Sheep Festival.CNantucket Cranberry Festival.DKona Coffee Cultural Festival.She wears many butterfly clips (蝴蝶夹子) in her haireach unique in size and color. There are butterfly wing designs on her clothes. Her wheelchair is lined with butterfly stickers. No wonder the 73-year-old Paralympic (残奥会的) person Kimie Bessho is known as the “Butterfly Lady.”Bessho, born in 1947, grew up in Hiroshima, Japan, in a house at the top of a mountain. One of eight children, Bessho says she was a fast runner with strong legs that allowed her to cross hills to get to school each day. She loved volleyball and skiing from a young age.But when she was 38, her husband fell ill and died. Bessho was left shocked and unable to find the strength to go to work. When she was finally starting to move on, her legs were unable to feel or act normally. Two years after her husbands death, she was diagnosed (诊断) with cancer. The treatment left her paralyzed (瘫痪的).Yet Bessho didnt give up. She attended a school that teaches the disabled how to drivedriving the car only with her hands. At a gym near the driving school, she read about Paralympic sports. It inspired her to take up table tennis to help with recovery.Five years after becoming paralyzed, at age 45, Bessho began playing the sport. By 56, she was playing in her first Paralympic Games. “I became disabled, but I was also given a great giftto play wheelchair table tenni