精品解析：江苏省南京市2021-2022学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题 （解析版）(2).doc

南京市2021-2022学年度第一学期期中调研测试高二英语第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.What time is it now?A.11:20. B.12:00. C.12:40.2.Why is Mary absent?A.She forgot to come. B.She changed her decision. C.She wasn't invited.3.What is the weather like now?A.Rainy. B.Windy. C.Sunny.4.What will the speakers probably do?A.Stay at home. B.See a doctor. C.Visit the museum.5.Where will the speakers go first?ATo a cinema. B.To a gallery. C.To a bakery.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.When will the man leave China?A.In two weeks. B. In one month. C.Next year.7.Why is the man unable to decide when to come back to China?A.He wants to work in America.B. He hasn't found a job in China.C.He needs to accompany his mom.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8. What's the probable relationship between the two speakers?AEditor and reader. B.Teacher and student. C.Professor and assistant.9.What is Andy going to do after the class?A.Have a meeting. B.Write a poem. C.Design a poster.10.Which subject does the woman most probably teach?A.Poem Reading. B.Creative Writing. C.Oral English.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.How did the man go to the restaurant last night?A.By bike. B.By car. C.By underground.12.What did the man and his colleagues have for supper?A.Japanese food. B.Italian food. C.Mexican food.13.What did the man think of the restaurant?A.Expensive. B.Fancy. C.Crowded.听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14.Where does this conversation probably take place?A.At the airport. B.On the street. C.In the countryside.15.Why does the woman like Sydney?A.It has less pollution. B.It has more good music.C. It has friendlier people.16. How does the woman like the man's English?A.Fluent. B.Acceptable. C.Ordinary.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.What does the text focus on?A.A female composer. B.Some high technologies.C.A song-writing robot.18.Who created Aiva?A.A group of programmers. B.The most advanced robot.C.Some world-famous musicians.19.What is Aiva expected to do?A.Help with housework. B.Sing some classical songs.C.Compose different types of music.20.What will Aiva do in the future?A.Compete with musicians. BCooperate with musicians.C.Take control of musicians.第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ABien-dire Initial, Tuttolialiano and Puntoy Coma, separately from France, Spain and Italy, are published six times a year. They are fill of lively and original articles and in-depth interviews in French, Spanish or Italian to give you the inside track on French, Spanish of Italian culture. Key words and phrases are explained in English on the facing page. The articles, in turn, are narrated on the accompanying 60-minute audio CD to enable you to improve your listening comprehension and understand French, Spanish or Italian. In addition, every feature is graded for difficulty so that you can assess your progress with each issue.For French speakers, Bien-dire Initial will take you from a beginner to an intermediate level and is published on alternate months so that they can be taken together to form a truly comprehensive French learning programme.If you now want to be able to speak like a native, a subscription to Bien-dire Initial, TuttoItaliano and Puntoy Coma will inspire, motivate and help you to achieve fluency.Key Benefits·Speak French, Spanish or Italian with confidence by learning the language as it's really spoken·Improve your vocabulary and listening comprehension·Improve your knowledge of French, Spanish or Italian culture·Take advantage of on-going, portable and flexible learning·Acquire lively, relevant and up-to-date authentic contentSubscribe Today to either Bien-dire Initial, Tuttoltaliano or Puntoy Coma for a year for just £89(normal price £99) and you will receive an extra issue, worth over £16 For Free, and a Free electronic dictionary bookmark worth £24.99-a combined saving of £51!Order Today By calling0800 141 2210Outside the UK call44 117 927 2236Or order by visiting our website:www.Languages-1. What is special about Bien-dire Initial, Tuttoltaliano and Puntoy Coma?A. They come out every month.B. They include one-hour audio CDs.C. They have English editions.D. They feature some writing skills.2. How much should you pay if you subscribe to Puntoy Coma for a year today?A. £51.B. £73.C. £89.D. £105.3. What is the purpose of the text?A. To advertise some magazines.B. To introduce some learning methods.C. To explain some cultural differences.D. To recommend some language agencies.BThose short metal fences by the side of the road don't look like much. But they do a big job: keep drivers safe.People who design highways would always like to have a wide,flat,clear space on either side of the road. That way if a car goes off the road, it can stop safely.But in some places, that is just not possible. In that case, they put up a guardrail. These short railings are designed to stop cars from running into something more dangerous,without damaging the car too much.Jersey barriers are made of concrete.They are ofen placed down the center of a road to separate cars going into opposite directions.Jersey barriers are also used around construction zones. They are cheap to make and easy to move around.A strong-post W-beam guardrail,with short,thick posts set together, is used where it's important to stop a car quickly to save lives,like being near a cliff. It gets its name from the fact that if it's cut in half, the rail looks like a sideways W.A weak-post W-beam guardrail has posts thinner and farther apart.And it will stop a car more slowly than a strong-post guardrail.The more gradually a car slows down, the less likely its riders will be hurt. A weak-post guardrail can be used where there is more space to slow a car down.A three-beam guardrail has a piece of steel that ripples (呈波形） in three C-shapes.This type of guardrail is used on roads with a lot of truck traffic. The curves in the C-shapes absorb energy in a crash, and the rail is high off the ground to catch trucks.4. What's the function of a guardrail?A. To decorate the highways.B. To limit the number of cars.C. To soften the impact of a car crash.D. To make roads wide, flat and clear.5. What does the underlined word “that" in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Going off the road. B. Keeping drivers safe.C. Putting up a guardrail.D. Having space for emergency.6. On roads with frequent huge vehicles, which of the following is more suitable?A. A Jersey barrier.B. A three-beam guardrail.C. A strong-post W-beam guardrail.D. A weak-post W-beam guardrail.7. According to the text,A. energy can be saved with guardrailsB. drivers can go straight with guardrailsC. a W-beam guardrail is named by shapeD. concrete Jersey barriers are hard to moveCAs a wildlife-conservation biologist studying climate change, I want to understand the evolving environment through the eyes of large animals. My work-usually in cold, remote places-involves finding animals, and ways to eat, sleep and be warm. I might suffer, but I get insights that others cannot into what animals are doing.For about 15 years I've been interested in musk oxen (麝香牛). This picture was taken on Wrangel Island, off the northeast coast of Russia, when I was studying how musk oxen react to polar bears. Because polar ice is melting more polar bears are hunting on land, and they are known to have killed musk oxen. These herd animals typically dont flee from enemies such as grizzly bears. They tend to form groups instead and male male oxen have killed grizzlies. Would they try to kill polar bears too?To find out, I dressed as a polar bear, pulling a bear head on and placing a cloth over a range finder, camera and data books. I was cold and nervous. I didn't want to be killed by a charging musk ox-or by anything else. If some oxen charged and made an attack, I'd throw off my costume and stand up straight, as I'm doing here; so far, that had stopped them. I'd also encountered a female polar bear with new born babies, but she'd left me alone. This picture is from the end of a session, and I'd lived another day. Whew!I learnt that musk oxen are more likely to flee from polar bears than from grizzlies. But during this trip to Russia, I was arrested-over a date error on my permits. In court, the only word I understood was 'CIA'. I was let go, but banned from returning for three years, so I'm now studying the huemul, an endangered species of deer that lives in the shadows of glaciers at the tip of South America. As glaciers melt, how will huemul populations respond?8. How do musk oxen protect themselves from grizzly bears?A. By fleeing to polar ice quickly.B. By getting together to fight back.C. By charging at grizzlies one by one.D By drawing support from polar bears.9. Why did the author dress as a polar bear?A. To better understand musk oxen.B. To familiarize himself with its habitat.C. To better protect his camera equipment.D. To keep warm in extreme natural conditions.10. Why did the author have to stop his research in Russia?A. He was banned for an illegal permit.B. His research there was not approved.C. Some wildlife biologists had accused him.D. He would study the huemu in south America.11. Which is the best title?A. An Aivkward BiologistB. The Changeable ClimateC. Would Musk Oxen Be Killed?D. Who Wants To Be a Polar Bear?DSome risk factors are reported to impact the severity of COVID-19.Among them was fatness or obesity.In a healthy body, fat tissue(脂肪组织） serves as storage of energy in times of food shortage and it is also full of immune cells. In thin , healthy individuals, it produces anti-inflammatory(消炎的)and protective factors. If , however, the fat tissue becomes unhealthy, as often happens in people with obesity it can produce chemical signals that promote inflammation, raising the rise of some infectious diseases like COVID-19.a Researchers are studying the mechanisms by which this inflammation occurs.One assumption is that when fat cells become overloaded with nutrients,the intercellular stress can set off an “inflammatory cascade(级联反应）”“With obesity, people store a lot of nutrients in fat cells, but they also begin to release more than normal as they grow,"says Andrew Greenberg,director of an obesity laboratory.“These enter the blood and bind to immune cells in the liver and muscle. And this leads to the release of inflammatory factors.”Poor diet can also play a role in increasing inflammation. It changes the composition of the intestinal microbiome(肠道菌群），probably producing toxins(毒素），and obesity allows the toxins to be released into the bloodstream.While diet can be harmful and inflammatory, good nutrition does the opposite. Some nutrients, including omega-3 fatty acids, can work to diminish inflammation.One eating plan is the Mediterranean diet, which is thought to provide people with protective compounds.Greenberg says more research is needed to determine whether supplements, including fish oil, and fiber, can work to treat inflammation and boost immunity associated with obesity. The most reliable approach, is weight loss. And a small amount can make a difference.“They don't have to be at their ideal body weight,” Greenberg says.“Even losing 5 to 10 percent of a person's weight helps improve their condition.”According to a 2017 study, a 20-minute session of walking can stimulate in anti-inflammatory response.12. According to the text,fat tissue_.A. is beneficial to obese peopleB. protects people from getting too thinC. is linked with people's immune systemD. makes people feel full without eating13. What can give rise to an inflammatory cascade?A. Fat cells.B. Intercellular stress.C. Poor diet.D. Infectious diseases.14 What does the underlined word “diminish" in paragraph 5 mean?A. Cause. B. Change.C. Promote. D. Reduce.15. What's the last paragraph mainly about?A. Firm determination to fight for ideal body.B. High expectations of more research about nutrition.C. Great importance of having a good weight management.D. Practical ways to tackle inflammation related to obesity.第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Attention management is a valuable skill in the age of distraction (分神）。In fact,today, more than ever,our attention is very fragile._16_ Finding focus in a distracted world is really hard.Attention is how you are spending your time and life. The simple act of paying attention to the right things at the right time can change the course of your life._17_ It's how you make time for meaningful things in life. It's also how you get distracted and waste your time. To get the most out of life, we must learn to spend our attention effectively.Spending attention is a choice. It's a choice that's getting you closer to what you want in life or leading you to the opposite path. Where you spend your attention is where you spend your life.Like any other skills, develop your attention skill._18_Start creating the conditions for uninterrupted work by noticing everything that distracts you. You can also start tracking your attention to get a better insight into how you are currently using your time. _19_Take space from the things that usually fill your time, and begin your awareness. Make a list of the things that fill your time every day, and explore each one on a deeper level.Attention, like time,is limited._20_ Am I spending my time on things that add value to my life? Are my actions moving me toward or away from what matters most in my life? Managing your attention is managing your life.A. We lose focus easily.B. So keep asking yourself every day.C. Attention is how you get things done.D. Our attention is a precious resource.E. We should make the most of the limited time.F. Train your attention by practising demanding tasks often.G. Then take a step back, and assess how you spend your attention.第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Jonathan Cain was upset. It was the early 1970s and the young musician had left his hometown of Chicago to find his big _21_ in Los Angeles. He was _22_ just to survive, and now his dog had been hit. He hated troubling his father _23_ he didn't have the money to pay the vet. He _24_ Chicago. “Dad, should I just _25_ this thing and come home?”“No, don't come home,” his father replied. “Don't stop believ